The document discusses the evolution and current state of print media in Pakistan. It covers the establishment of major print media groups like Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt. It also discusses factors affecting print media like economic challenges, technological changes, and government regulations. Benedict Anderson's theory of print culture and nationalism is also summarized, relating how the growth of print helped develop national identity in Pakistan.

3. Focal points of the discussion
Evolution of Print media in Pakistani society

Printing and Publishing industry of Pakistan

Print media and national cohesion

Economic, technological and political factors

affecting Print Media
Print Media conglomerates of Pakistan

Future prospects for Print Media in Pakistan

Benedict Anderson's theory of Print Culture


4. Evolution of Print Media in Pakistani society
What is print media?
The establishment of print media outlets in Pakistan
The concept of a non-aligned print media
Major Print Media groups operating in Pakistan
oDawn group
oNawa-i-Waqt group
oJang group
oExpress group
oDaily Times group

5. DAWN Group / Pakistan Herald Publications
•Normally known as Dawn Group of Newspapers, the company
was founded in 1941 by Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
•Its flagship publication, the daily Dawn, was first published in 1947
from an already independent Pakistan.
•Their main trademark, in fact, is a secular and tolerant approach to
some of the most burning issues in Pakistan’s
Society.
Magazines:
Herald (English monthly magazine)
Aurora (marketing and advertising
Based bi-monthly magazine).

6. JANG group of newspapers
•Commonly known as the Jang Group, it was established in 1942 in
Delhi by Mir Khalil-ur-Rehman.
•The Group’s flagship publication is the Urdu-language newspaper
Daily Jang, which is printed from six stations across the country. The
group also publishes arguably the second largest English newspaper
'The News'.
•' a moderate conservative perspective ’
•Until the early 1950s Daily Jang was considered an independent
newspaper, but since then it has gradually succumbed to political
pressures and temptation.

7. Magazines:
Akhbar-e-Jehan (Urdu)
Mag Weekly (English) [Fashion magazine]
The News on Sunday (English)
Jang Sunday Magazine (Urdu)
Other newspapers of Jang group:
Daily Awam (Urdu)
Daily Awaz (Urdu)
Daily Waqt (Urdu)
Pakistan Times (English)Daily News (English – evening)

8. Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications
•Established in 1940 by Hameed Nizami, one of the founding
fathers of Pakistani journalism, Nawa-i-Waqt started its
operations in Lahore.
•The first publication to be launched was the fortnightly
journal Nawa-i-Waqt.
•In an article that appeared in 1977, Nawa-i-Waqt was defined
as the ‘self-appointed custodian of the ideology
of Pakistan’, and, in the first five years of existence of the
country, it ‘had hunted and pursued a remorseless
campaign against all liberal trends and progressive forces
in national life’

9. Magazines:
Nida-i-Millat (Urdu) [Sunday magazine]
Weekly Family (Urdu)
Sunday Plus (English)
Weekly Money Plus (English)
Monthly Phool (Urdu) [For children]
English Daily:
The Nation (English)

10. Express News Group
•The Daily Express, founded on 3 September, 1998, is one of
Pakistan’s most widely circulated Urdu language newspapers.
•Published by Century Publications, a Lakson Group subsidiary.
•Editor - Abbas Ather (one of the renowned columnists).
Magazine:
Express Sunday Magazine

11. Daily Times Group
•The Daily Times (DT) is an English language Pakistani
newspaper. Launched on April 9, 2002.
•Daily Times, which is simultaneously published from Lahore,
Islamabad and Karachi, is edited by Rashed Rahman. The paper
was owned by the late Governor of Punjab and Pakistan Peoples
Party stalwart Salmaan Taseer.
•Daily Times is recognized as a newspaper that advocates liberal
and secular ideas.

12. o Magazines:
Friday Times Magazine (English)
Weekly WikKid (English) [For kids]
Daily Times Sunday (English)
Aaj kal Sunday Magazine (Urdu)
Newspaper:
Daily Aaj kal Urdu

13. Printing and Publishing industry of Pakistan
•The principle centers of publishing are Karachi, Lahore and
Peshawar.
•Lahore stands out with its numerous publishing houses and has been
the hub of the industry from the pre-independence era.
•In the 80s the industry flourished because of the Government’s
emphasis on education and literacy.
•Pakistan’s publishing industry also has a lucrative market for Urdu
and religious books abroad.

14. •Pakistan has also signed an agreement with the U.S, according to
which books can be imported from the U.S and payment can be
given in local currency.
•A considerable number of books and periodicals are exported to
countries like Malaysia, East Africa and the Middle East.
•According to an estimate there are about 2000 publishers
throughout Pakistan. The majority deals with the publishing of
school textbooks. In the Punjab alone, there are four hundred
publishers registered with the Punjab Textbook Board.

15. Print media and national cohesion
•The print media's preliminary role was to serve as a unifier for the
newly born state.
•The stances adopted by Jang, Dawn and Nawa-i-Waqt during the
last phase of struggle for independence presented the demand for
a separate homeland.
•These pioneer print media groups due to different factors have
gradually shifted their priority from nation-building to commercial
dependence.
•The primary role of ‘national cohesion’ played by print media in the
Pakistan movement had vanished along with the creation of
Pakistan.

16. Economic, Political and Technological factors affecting
Print Media in Pakistan
Economic Factors:
•Shrinkage of market due to low literacy rates and lack of awareness
•Decline in reading habits
•Influence of advertising agencies and sponsors
Political Factors:
•Press regulatory acts imposed from time to time.
•Till 2000 print media was not that expressive in Pakistan.

17. Technological factors:
•Convergence of new media with the old one
•Emerging trend of epapers and ebooks
•Websites and easy access to information
•A heterogeneous society not compatible
to use online resources
All these factors are leading to the
constriction of print media outlets in
Pakistan.

18. Print Media Conglomerates of Pakistan
•Political affiliations.
•The government has considerable leverage over the print media
through its substantial budget for advertising and public interest
campaigns.
•For example, the country's leading Urdu daily, Jang, and the English-
language daily News, both owned by Shakil Ur-Rehman, were cut off
for a time from critical government advertising revenue after publishing
articles unflattering to the government. The Jang Group was also
served with approximately US $13 million in tax notices, harassed by
government inspectors, and pressured not to publish articles. Jang
also reportedly had difficulty obtaining sufficient newsprint to publish.

19. Lakson group
The Lakson Group, was founded in 1954. Lakson Group is a well-
known business group in Pakistan. The conglomerate is run by the
Lakhani brothers among whom Iqbal Ali Lakhani is Chairman of the
Lakson group.
Express news group is a subsidiary company of Lakson group.

20. Benedict Anderson’s theory of Print Culture
Nationalism is the inevitable result of the Gutenberg
Revolution — Marshall McLuhan, Benedict Anderson
Marshall McLuhan, later followed by Elizabeth Eisenstein and
Benedict Anderson, derive Nationalism from the introduction of
printing technology into a society.
the printing press and its associated social, economic, and
cultural practices — produces nationalism.
The very existence and regularity of newspapers caused readers,
and thus citizens-in-the-making, to imagine themselves residing
in a common time and place, united by a print language with a
league of anonymous equals.

21. •According to Anderson, a new emerging nation imagines itself to
be antique.
•He considers the nation-building mythology and national myths of
the ‘origin‘ in rather functionalist terms—they are more invented
narratives than real stories.
•The rise of nationalism is in Anderson's mind closely connected
with the growth of printed books and with the technical
development of print as a whole.
•Conclusively, placing this theory in Pakistani context it is quite
clear that the prevalence of print culture is directly proportional to
nationalism.

22. Conclusion- future prospects of
Print media in Pakistan
Pakistan’s market for print media has undergone significant changes
in the past decade. In 1997 the total number of daily, monthly, and
minor publications was 4,455 but by 2003, six years later, only 945
remained.
Based on these facts it is not difficult to predict the future prospects
of print media in Pakistan.