1. How will ICE vehicles contribute to
meeting the CO2 emission targets?
Henrique Basílio Pereira, Product Manager
Basílio
General Motors do Brazil
Challenge Bibendum
Rio - 2010

2. Advanced Propulsion Technology
Strategy
Hydrogen
Improved
Improved Displace
Displace Fuel Cell
Vehicle Fuel
Vehicle Fuel Petroleum
Petroleum
Economy &
Economy & Battery Electric
Emissions
Emissions Vehicles (E-Flex)
Hybrid Electric
Vehicles (including
Plug-In HEV)
IC Engine and
Transmission
Improvements
Time
Time
Petroleum (Conventional & Alternative Sources)
Energy
Energy
Bio Fuels (Ethanol E85, Bio-diesel)
Diversity
Diversity
Electricity (Conventional & Alternative Sources)
Hydrogen

3. Since the 1970s, GM has improved fuel
efficiency of the internal combustion engine
by:
130%
for Cars
80%
for Trucks

4. Internal Combustion Engines
Advantages Challenges
Gasoline Low cost
Efficiency
Engines Low emissions
Diesel Efficient Emissions
Engines Torque High cost

5. Achieving The Maximum Fuel Economy
Potential Of Gasoline Engines
Modular and
Modular and
flexible
flexible
architectures
architectures
Reduced
Reduced
mass
mass
Improved
Improved
combustion
combustion
technology
technology
Integration of
Integration of
leading-edge
leading-edge
technologies
technologies
Flex Fuel
Flex Fuel

6. Gasoline Engines –
Achieving the Maximum Fuel Economy
Cam Phasing, Variable Valve
Potential Lift, Active Fuel Management
Port Deactivation
with EGR
• Modular And Flexible
Architectures
• Reduced Mass
• Improved Combustion
Technology
• Integration Of Leading
Edge Technologies
Spark Ignition Downsized SIDI HCCI – Homogenous Charge
Direct Injection Turbo Boosting Compression Ignition

7. GM’s Global Ethanol Initiatives
GM is the world leader in providing customer choice through
biofuel and FlexFuel availability – more than 4.0 million
ethanol-capable vehicles on the road
In U.S., GM has 3.0 million FlexFuel
E85-capable vehicles on the road and
has committed to have 50% of annual
volume E85 capable by 2012
In Brazil, 100% of our fleet is available
with FlexPower and accounts for 95%
of sales

8. Advancing Emission Technology
Development – Diesel Engines
Improved Base Engine
Advanced
Advanced
common rail
common rail
injection
injection
Lower
Lower
compression
compression
ratio
ratio
Higher peak
Higher peak
cylinder
cylinder
pressure
pressure

9. Diesel Engines –
Achieving the Lowest Emissions
Base Engine Advanced Boosting with Cylinder
Technologies Small Displacement Pressure Sensing
• High Pressure HP
Injection ECU
Turbo
Cylinder
• Lower EGR Turbo Pressure
Compression Ratios Sensor
• Higher Peak LP Fuel
Cylinder Pressure Turbo Injectors
PCCI Combustion Diesel Particulate Filter NOX Aftertreatment
X
6
Equivalence Ratio (f)
5
Oxidation
Catalyst
4
soot zone
Porous Cell
3
Conventional
Conventional
Wall
2 Combustion
Combustion
PCCI
PCCI
Combustion
1 Combustion Particulate
NOX Zone Filter
0
Urea SCR Urea
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 NOx Catalyst
Injection
Temperature (K)

10. Summary
For GM, energy alternatives and
advanced technologies that help reduce
dependency on petroleum, improve fuel
economy and reduce emissions are the
keys to developing sustainable
transportation.