1. Atoms
& Molecules

2. ATOM
The smallest particle into
which an element may be
divided and still be the
same substance.

3. Matter
Anything that occupies
space and have mass .
Energy is NOT matter

4. Matter is divided into 4
components:
 Elements
 Compounds
 Mixtures
 Solutions

5. ELEMENT
All elements are on the Periodic Table
All matter is made of an element or a
combination of elements
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold
 A substance that consists of only one
kind of atom and that cannot be
chemically separated into other
substances.

6. Elements:
Elements cannot be changed into simpler
substances by any chemical process .
Elements are made up of atoms .

7. Elements:
Simplest kind of matter
 Cannot be broken down into simpler
 All one kind of atom.
 There are 109 of these known to
man

8. Compounds:
Substances
that can be broken down
by chemical methods
When they are broken down, the
pieces have completely different
properties than the compound.
Made of molecules- two or more
atoms .

9. Compounds:
They are pure
substances put
together by
chemically
combining
elements
Not all
combinations of
elements are
compounds
though– some
can be mixtures!

10. So remember…
ELEMENTS contain only one kind of
atom


There are 109 different kinds of
elements

1-109 = atomic # of the elements.

11. Solutions:

Solutions - A special mixture formed
when one substance dissolves in another .

12. Solutions:

Solvent

Solute
- The most abundant
substance in the solution .
- The least abundant
substance in the solution .

13. 
All solutions are not liquids :


Air is a solution of gases .
Steel is a solution of metals .

14. MIXTURE :



Homogeneous mixture
Mixed molecule by molecule Solutions
Can occur between any state of matter.





Solid in liquid- Cool-aid
Liquid in liquid- anti freeze
Gas in gas- air
Solid in solid - brass
Liquid in gas- water vapour

15. Solutions




Like all mixtures, they keep the
properties of the components.
Can be separated by physical means
Do not scatter light!
Not easily separated But can be separated.

16. Two techniques for separating
solutions:
#1. Evaporation:
changing from a
liquid to vapor
state– leaves
behind the
other
component.

17. #2. Distillation:
 Process used to drive
vapor from liquid by
heating
 Great for separating
two or more liquids
which have different
boiling points.

18. MIXTURE

Matter that can be
physically separated
into component parts

It is two or more
kinds of matter that
have separate
identities because of
their different
properties.

19. When different
parts of a mixture
can no longer be
separated into
simpler
substances, we call
each component a
PURE SUBSTANCE

20. There are two types of
mixtures:

Heterogeneousmixture is not the
same from place to
place.
 Chocolate chip
cookie, gravel,
soil.

Homogeneoussame composition
throughout.
 Cool-aid, air.

21. 
Mixtures:
Matter that consists of two or more
substances mixed together: but not
chemically combined or bonded.
 Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bag
full of different colored marbles..


22. Types of matter

Properties of Mixtures :
 Each
substance retains its own properties.
 Substances
 Substances
can be present in any amount .
can be separated by simplem
physical means.

23. Which is it?
Element

24. Which is it?
COMPOUND
Water is a compound formed from two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
chemically combined. H20

25. Which is it?
MIXTURE

26. Decide if the substance is an Element , compound ,
mixture or solution?
1. Water
2. Salt
1. Compound
2. Compound
3. Oxygen
3. Element
4. Dirt
4. Mixture
5. Air
5. Solution
Click Mouse button to see answers!

27. What about MOLECULES?
These are
MULTI-ATOM
particles
They are the smallest particle of
a substance that still retains the
properties of that substance and is
composed of 2 or more atoms.

28. MOLECULE
Particle of matter that
is made up of two or
more atoms.

29. Particle Charge Location Mass
Proton
+
nucleus heavy
Neutron
0
nucleus heavy
Electron
-
energy levels very light

30. Atomic Number
The number of protons in
the nucleus
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453

31. 17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
Atomic
Number: 17
Number of Protons: 17
Number of Electrons: 17
Atomic Mass: 35
Number of Neutrons: 18

33. SUBMITTED BY - CHITRANSH SRIVASTAVA
CLASS - 9TH A
SUBJECT - SCIENCE
SCHOOL - KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 2
SUBMITTED TO - MRS . SHOBHA JOSHI