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Architecturing Network
for Branch Offices with
Cisco Wireless
BRKEWN-2016




   BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   1
Abstract

 This session focuses on the architecture concepts
  of the branch office WLAN deployments,
  emphasising the core technologies that drive and
  enable mobility in retail, banking, education,
  entreprise or managed wlan services. Topics
  covered include in-depth protocol description of H-
  Reap/FlexConnect, all deployment options in
  practice, and are based on customer case studies
  for their application into the branch environment.




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   2
Deploying Cisco’s FlexConnect
   Wireless Branch Solution
Increases Business Resiliency




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   3
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   4
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   5
Cisco Unified Wireless Principles
                                                                                          WCS
 Components
     •     Wireless LAN controllers
     •     Aironet access points                                                                                  Wireless LAN
                                                                                                                  Controllers
     •     Management System (WCS)
                                                                                                MSE
     •     Mobility Service Engine
           (MSE)
                                                                                                        Campus
 Principles                                                                                            Network

     •     AP must have CAPWAP
           connectivity with WLC
     •     Configuration                                                           Aironet
           downloaded to AP by WLC                                                 Access Point

     •     All Wi-Fi traffic is
           forwarded to the WLC




         BRKEWN-2018    © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.         Cisco Public                            6
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   7
Branch Designs Using Remote Controllers
 Overview
                                                                                                Central Site        Backup Central
 Branches can also have                                                                                            Controller

  local remote controllers
 Small form factors WLC
  are available to have
  « small campus » :
  WLC-25xx or integrated                                                                        WAN
  controller modules in
  ISR/ISR-G2                                                                   WLC-25xx                                WLCM for
                                                                                                                      ISR/ISR-G2

 High-availability design
  with central backup
  controller is supported;
  WAN limitations may
  apply


                                                                                Remote Site A       Remote Site B


    BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                            8
Branch Designs Using Remote Controllers
 Advantages

 Cookie cutter configuration for every branch site
 Layer-3 roaming within the branch
 ACL in the branch site
 Peer to peer blocking
 WGB support
 Reliable Multicast (filtering)
 Dynamic VLAN


Note: If you have ISR/ISR G2 at branch site then it is recommended to
 use the IOS Firewall at edge for unified access policies.


     BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   9
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




 BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   10
CAPWAP Overview
   Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Point

        CAPWAP is a standard, interoperable protocol that enables an
         Access Controller (AC) to manage a collection of Wireless
         Termination Points (WTPs)
        CAPWAP carries control and data traffic between the two
                      Control plane is DTLS encrypted
                      Data plane is DTLS encrypted (optional)

        CAPWAP supports only Layer 3 mode deployments

                                                                                                                                      Business
                                                                                                                                     Application

                                                                                                           Data Plane
                        Access
                         Point                                              CAPWAP                                      Controller

Wi-Fi Client




                                                                                                 Control Plane

        BRKEWN-2018              © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                           11
CAPWAP Modes
Split MAC

 The CAPWAP protocol supports two modes of
  operation
              Split MAC (Centralized Mode)
              Local MAC (H-REAP/FlexConnect)

 Split MAC
                 Wireless Frame

                 Wireless Phy                                                  CAPWAP
                 MAC Sublayer                                                  Data Plane          802.3 Frame




STA                                                   WTP                                     AC




BRKEWN-2018         © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                      12
CAPWAP Modes
Local MAC

 Local MAC mode of operation allows for the data
  frames to be either locally bridged or tunneled as
  802.3 frames
 Locally bridged
              Wireless Frame

              Wireless Phy
              MAC Sublayer                                                  802.3 Frame




STA                                                WTP                                       AC


 H-REAP support locally bridged MAC and split
  MAC per SSID
BRKEWN-2018      © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.     Cisco Public        13
CAPWAP Modes
Local MAC

 Local MAC mode of operation allows for the data
  frames to be either locally bridged or tunneled as
  802.3 frames
 Tunneled as 802.3 frames
              Wireless Frame                                                       802.3 Frame

              Wireless Phy                                                          CAPWAP
              MAC Sublayer                                                          Data Plane        802.3 Frame




STA                                                WTP                                           AC



 Tunneled local MAC is not supported by Cisco

BRKEWN-2018      © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                        14
H-REAP Glossary


 Connected mode – When H-REAP can reach
  Controller (connected state), it gets help from
  controller to complete client authentication.
 Standalone mode – When controller is not
  reachable by H-REAP, it goes into standalone state
  and does client authentication by itself.


 Local Switching – Data traffic switched onto local
  VLANs for an SSID
 Central Switching – Data traffic tunneled back to
  WLC for an SSID

BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   15
Branch Office Deployment
HREAP – Hybrid Remote Edge Access Point
                                                                                                       Central Site
 Hybrid architecture                                                                                                 Cluster of
                                                                                         Centralized                    WLC
 Single management                                                                      Traffic
                                                                                                                        Centralized
  and control point                                                                                                     Traffic

 Data Traffic Switching
    Centralized traffic
    (split MAC)
    Or
                                                                                                  WAN
    Local traffic (local MAC)

 HA will preserve local
                                                                                                       Local
  traffic only                                                                                         Traffic

 Traffic Switching is
                                                                                                                       Remote
  configured per AP and                                                                                                 Office
  per WLAN (SSID)
    BRKEWN-2018    © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                            16
Configure H-REAP Mode
Step 1: Configure Access Point Mode

 Enable H-REAP mode per AP
 Supported AP: AP-1130, AP-1240, AP-1040,
  AP-1140, AP-1260, AP-1250, AP-3500




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   17
Configure H-REAP Local Switching
Step 2: Enable Local Switching per WLAN

 Only WLAN with “Local Switching” enabled will
  allow local switching at the H-REAP AP




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   18
Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping
Step 3: H-REAP Specific Configuration

 H-REAP AP can be connected on an access port
  (using native VLAN) or connected to a 802.1Q
  trunk port
 VLAN mapping is a per AP configuration on WLC
  and by AP group using templates on a WCS




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   19
Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping
Step 4: Per AP SSID to VLAN Mapping

 Mapping of SSID to 802.1Q VLAN is done per
  H-REAP AP




 Use WCS for configuration with templates

BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   20
Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping
Step 4: Using WCS

 With WCS, Configuration can be applied to all H-REAP AP
  with one template




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   21
H-REAP Design Considerations

 Some WAN limitations apply
          RTT must be below 300 ms data (100 ms voice)
          Minimum 500 bytes WAN MTU (with maximum four
          fragmented packets)

 Some features are not available in standalone
  mode or in local switching mode
          ACL in local switching
          MAC/Web Auth in standalone mode
          See full list in « H-REAP Feature Matrix »
          http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6366/products_tec
          h_note09186a0080b3690b.shtml



BRKEWN-2018      © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   22
Economies of Scale for Lean Branches
Flex 7500 Wireless Controller
      New

                                                                                  Key Differentiation
                                                                                   WAN Tolerance
                                                                                              • High Latency Networks
Access Points                 300-2,000                                                       • WAN Survivability
Clients                       20,000                                               Security
Branches                      500                                                             802.1x based port authentication
Access Points / Branch        50                                                   Voice support
Deployment Model              FlexConnect                                                     • Voice CAC
Form Factor                   1 RU                                                            • OKC/CCKM
IO Interface                  2x 10GE
Upgrade Licenses              100, 200, 500, 1K


      BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                      23
FlexConnect Improvements in New 7.0.116

 WAN Survivability
     FlexConnect AP provides wireless access and services to clients
     when the connection to the primary WLC fails

 Local Authentication
     Allows for the authentication capability to exist directly at the AP in
     FlexConnect instead of the WLC

 Improved Scale
     Group Scale: Max HREAP groups increased to 500 (7500s) and 100
     (5500s)
     APs per Group: 50 (7500s) and 25 (5500s)

 Fast roaming in remote branches
     Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC) between APs in a branch

  BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   24
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




  BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   25
Understanding AP Groups
Overview                                                                                     AP Group 1
                                                                                                           Central Site
                                                                                                                               Flex 7500
 AP groups is a logical
  concept of grouping AP
  which deliver similar
  Wi-Fi services; these
  services can be:
          By physical location,                                                                              WAN
          and/or
          By functional services                                              Remote Site A                               Remote Site B
          (data, voice, guest, …)

 Same AP groups need                                                                                 AP Group 2                AP Group 3


  to be defined in all WLC
  of a mobility group




BRKEWN-2018        © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                                 26
Understanding AP Groups
   Rules to Know

 Rules to know :
    • One AP can be in only one AP Group
    • One WLAN(SSID) can be in several AP Groups
    • WLAN with ID 1-16 can not be removed from the ‘default-group’
    • WLAN with ID greater than 16 will never be part of the ‘default-
      group’
    • All AP with no AP Group name or an unknown AP Group name will
      be part of the ‘default-group’

 Well known mistakes :
    • Create no AP group, but create a WLAN with ID 17+.
    • Having AP groups defined, Create WLAN with ID 17+ but never
      map the WLAN to any AP Group.

   BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   27
AP Groups
Configuration: Create a New Group




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   28
AP Groups
Configuration: Add AP to Group




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   29
AP Groups Usage
                                                                                                                                    @ Internet

Per Location SSID                                                          Guest-Access
                                                                                                        AP Group 1
                                                                                                                                       Central Site
 AP groups give the
  ability to enable Wi-Fi                                        Corporate-Voice

  Services (WLAN)
  based on physical
  location
 Example                                                                         Corporate-Data

                                                                                                               WAN/MAN
     Central Site
           Corporate-Voice,
           Corporate-Data,                                                 Manufacturing Plan
                                                                                                                                     Store
           Guest-Access
     Manufacturing Plan
                                                                                                                                                AP Group 3
           Corporate-Voice,
           Corporate-Data,
           Scanners
                                                                Scanners
     Store
                                                                                  AP Group 2                                                 Corporate-Data
           Corporate-Data,
                                                                                                                     Guest-Access
           Guest-Access

     BRKEWN-2018       © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.          Cisco Public                                                   30
AP Groups Usage
 Per AP Group SSID to VLAN Mapping

 AP groups give the                                                                                                                  VLAN-1

  ability to statically map                                                             AP Group 1
                                                                                                      Central Site
  Wi-Fi service (WLAN) to
  VLAN based on                                                                                                                        VLAN-2

  physical location
 Users see the same                                                                                                                   VLAN-3


  Wi-Fi service on all sites
  but IP@ can be used for                                                                            WAN/MAN
  monitoring or filtering                                           Corporate-Data


                                                                       Manufacturing
 Can also be used to                                                      Plan                                      Store


  have smaller Wi-Fi                                                                            AP Group 2               AP Group 3

  subnets


                                                                                                                             Corporate-Data
                                                                                 Corporate-Data


    BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.      Cisco Public                                                    31
AP Groups
Configuration/VLAN Mapping




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   32
AP Groups
Scaling

                              New
    Scaling           Flex 7500                                WLC 5508                         WLC 4400   WLC 2100

# AP Groups                    500                                         500                    300         50

   # WLAN
                               512                                         512                    512        512
    (SSID)

   # VLAN
                               512                                         512                    512        512
 (Interfaces)




BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.         Cisco Public                         33
Understanding H-REAP Groups
Overview
                                                                                                         Central Site
                                                                                                                           Flex 7500
 H-REAP groups allow sharing of:                                                                                           Cluster

      CCKM/OKC fast roaming keys
      Local backup RADIUS servers
       IP/keys
      Local user authentication
      Local EAP authentication                                                                         WAN

 Scaling information                                                           Remote Site                              Remote Site

      500 H-REAP groups for Flex 7500
      50 AP per H-REAP group                                                                                           H-REAP Group 2




                                                                                              H-REAP Group 1




     BRKEWN-2018    © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                            34
H-REAP Groups and CCKM/OKC Keys
                                                                                                                     CCKM Keys

 CCKM/OKC keys are stored on
                                                                                                  Central Site
  HREAP APs for Layer 2 fast roaming                                                                                RADIUS Server


 The HREAP APs will receive the
  CCKM/OKC keys from the WLC
 If a HREAP AP boots up
  in the standalone                                                          Remote Site         WAN
  mode, it will not get the                                                  H-REAP
                                                                                                                 Remote Site

  CCKM keys from the                                                         Group 1                                 H-REAP
                                                                                                                     Group 2
  WLC and fast roaming
  is not supported




    BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.        Cisco Public                                 35
H-REAP Groups and CCKM Keys

Add a New
H-REAP Group




Add APs to the
H-REAP Group




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   36
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   37
H-REAP Backup Scenario
WAN Failure
                                                                                                             Central Site

 H-REAP will backup on local
  switched mode
     No impact for locally switched SSIDs
     Disconnection of centrally switched SSIDs clients

 Static authentication keys are locally
                                                                                                             WAN
  stored in H-REAP AP
 Lost features
                                                                                               Remote Site
     RRM, WIDS, location, other AP modes
     Web authentication, NAC
                                                                                                                        Application
                                                                                                                        Server




      BRKEWN-2018    © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                          38
H-REAP Backup Scenario
WLC Failure
 H-REAP will first backup on local                                                                         Central Site

  switched mode
     No impact for locally switched SSIDs
     Disconnection of centrally switched
     SSIDs clients

 CCKM roaming allowed in
  H-REAP group                                                                                              WAN

 H-REAP AP will then search
  for backup WLC; when backup                                                                 Remote Site

  WLC is found, H-REAP AP will
  resync with WLC and                                                                                                  Application
                                                                                                                       Server
  resume client session with central
  traffic.
 Client session with Local Traffic
  are not impacted during resync
  with Backup WLC.
     BRKEWN-2018    © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                          39
H-REAP Group: Local Backup RADIUS
Backup Scenario
                                                                                                            Central Site

 Normal authentication is done
  centrally                                                                       Central RADIUS


 On WAN failure, AP
  authenticate new client with
  locally defined RADIUS server
                                                                                                            WAN
 Existing connected clients
  stay connected                                                             Local Backup
                                                                               RADIUS Remote Site
 Clients can roam with
     CCKM fast roaming, or
     Reauthentication
                                                                                                                    H-REAP Group 1




                                                                                            CCKM Fast Roaming


    BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                            40
H-REAP Group: Local Backup RADIUS
Configuration

 Define primary and secondary local backup
  RADIUS server per H-REAP group




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   41
H-REAP Group: Local Backup Authentication
    Backup Scenario
                                                                                                                Central Site
 Normal authentication is
  done centrally                                                                      Central RADIUS

 On WAN failure, AP
  authenticate new client with
  its local database
 Each H-REAP AP has a                                                                                          WAN
  copy of the local user DB
 Existing authenticated clients                                                                Remote Site

  stay connected
 Clients can roam with:
       CCKM fast roaming, or                                                                                            H-REAP Group 1

       Local re-authentication


!    Only LEAP and EAP-FAST Supported                                                           CCKM Fast Roaming


      BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                            42
H-REAP Group: Local Backup Authentication
Configuration

   Define users (max 100) and passwords
   Define EAP parameters (LEAP or EAP-FAST)




  BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   43
H-REAP Backup Scenario
WAN Down Behavior (Bootup Standalone Mode)

 Central Switched WLANs will shutdown
 Web-auth WLANs will shutdown
 Local Switched WLANs will be up :
          Only Open, Shared and WPA-PSK are allowed.
          Local 802.1x allowed with local authentication or local
          RADIUS

 Unsupported features
          RRM, CCKM, WIDS, Location, Other AP Mode, NAC.




BRKEWN-2018      © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   44
Not Supported Backup Scenario
!     AP Changing Mode on Failure
                                                                                                              Central Site

 AP can not automatically
  change from local mode to
  H-REAP mode on local WLC
  failure
     Changing mode is a configuration
     task of the AP
                                                                                                              WAN
 Why it does not make sense
     Need for dual configuration at the                                                         Remote Site

     switch level (access port for central,
     802.1Q for H-REAP)                                                                                           Application
                                                                                                                  Server
     Lost controller features
     when going to H-REAP
     If you accept H-REAP locally,
     then don’t but local WLC

 !   Not Supported Backup Scenario

      BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public                                   45
Not Supported Backup Scenario
 !     Auto-Enabling Backup Local Switching
                                                                                                                            Central Site

 H-REAP AP can not be configured with                                                                                                        Primary
                                                                                                                                              Application
  two SSID with same name; one in central                                                                                                     Server


  switching mode, one in local switching
  mode; when central switching is down,
  local switched SSID becomes active
      Changing enable status of an SSID is a                                                                                WAN
      configuration task of the WLC level

 Cisco recommends using Local                                                                         Remote Site

  Switching. Why?                                                                             H-REAP AP

                                                                                         SSID “Data”
                                                                                  (Central Switching)
      Fault Tolerance will always keep client                                                                                   Backup
                                                                                                                                Application
      connection UP.                                                                                                            Server




                                                                                                        SSID “Data”
!    Not Supported Backup Scenario                                                                      (Local Switching)
                                                                                                        Disable Enable


       BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.         Cisco Public                                                 46
Failover Matrix

                                                               WAN Up                                WAN Down
          Feature
                                                             (Connected)                            (Standalone)
Static Security Keys
                                                                           Yes                           Yes
(WEP, WPA2/PSK)

       802.1x/EAP                                                          Yes                           Yes

                                                                                                         Yes
          RADIUS                                                           Yes
                                                                                                (local RADIUS Backup)

Local Authentication                                                       Yes           New             Yes

                                                                                                         Yes
 OKC Fast Roaming                                                          Yes           New
                                                                                                   (not new clients)

WebAuth & MAC Auth                                                         Yes                           No


BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.         Cisco Public                           47
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study




 BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   48
Monitor H-REAP Latency

 RTT for H-REAP AP must be 300ms maximum
 Latency tool will help monitor WAN latency




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   49
Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment
Concerns

 Sites using H-REAP AP are usually sites with low WAN
  bandwidth
 Each site may have small number of AP, but an
  enterprise may have a lot of branches
 Upgrading ~2000 AP through a low bandwidth WAN is a
  challenge :
     •      Time needed to download all the AP firmware
     •      Exhaust of the WAN link
     •      Risk of failures during the download




  BRKEWN-2018      © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   50
Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment
Safe Process
                                                                                                                         Firmware Image




Use “Pre-Download”                                                                                                       7.0
                                                                                                                         6.0         7.0
                                                                                                                                     6.0
                                                                                                                    Primary      Secondary
Feature and Control the                                                              7.0

Process Before Effectively                                                            Wireless Control                          Wireless LAN
Do the Upgrade                                                                                 System
                                                                                                          Central Site          Controller


1.Download WLC upgraded
firmware (will become primary)

2.Force the « boot image »
to be the secondary (and not the
newly upgraded one) to avoid                                                                             WAN
parallel download of all AP in case
                                                                            Remote Site-1                                      Remote Site-N
of unexpected
WLC reboot




     BRKEWN-2018     © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.       Cisco Public                                               51
Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment
Safe Process (Cont…)
                                                                                                                                  Firmware Image

3.   « Pre-download » the AP
     firmware in the secondary                                                                                                   7.0
                                                                                                                                 6.0            7.0
                                                                                                                                                6.0
     « boot image » (will not                                                                                                   Primary     Secondary

     disrupt the actual service)—
     Can be started AP per AP to                                                     Wireless Control
                                                                                              System
                                                                                                                                           Wireless LAN
                                                                                                                  Central Site             Controller
     limit WAN exhaust
4.   Check that all the H-REAP
     AP are up-to-date (all
     download succeed)
5.   Swap the « boot image »                                                                                WAN
     of the AP to the new one,                                                                          AP Firmware Image
                                                                           Remote Site-1                                                  Remote Site-N
     change the « boot image »
     of the WLC to the new one
                                                                                                          7.0
                                                                                                          6.0          7.0
                                                                                                                       6.0

6.   Reboot the controller                                                                              Primary     Secondary




      BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.       Cisco Public                                                           52
Agenda

 Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)
 Branches Using Remote Controllers
 Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations
 Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups
 Designing a Resilient Network
 Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network
 Retail Case Study



BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   53
Customer Requirements
 ~1000 Medium stores (“Supermarket”)
 Up to 5 AP per store.
 L2 connectivity between the AP. AP on access port (no 802.1Q
  trunk today)
 Existing local resources (servers, …)
 WLAN Services :
      SSID for Scanners :
            •    WPA-PSK will be used on scanners
            •    Same SSID name for all the stores, but different key per store
            •    Local Switching in the store
      SSID for Laptops :
            •    WPA/TKIP or WPA2/AES for laptops
            •    Same SSID name and VLAN for all the stores
            •    Central RADIUS authentication
            •    Central Switching
   BRKEWN-2018        © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   54
RADIUS
                                            CT-5508                                                   Data Center
                                            Cluster
  WLAN 17 : Store 1                                                                                                            WLAN 200 : Store-Data
   SSID=Scanner                                                                                                                SSID=Laptop
   WPA-PSK=XYZ                                                                                                                 WPA/RADIUS
   Local VLAN=native                                                                                                           Central VLAN=Tag-
  …
  WLAN 17+N : Store-N
   SSID=Scanner
   WPA-PSK=ZYX
   Local VLAN=native
                                                                                         WAN

                   Store-1                                                                                            Store-N
Local Resource                                                                             Local Resource




                                                                                        1000 Stores
                                                                  H-REAP                                                                             H-REAP


         SSID-Scanner                                                                                          SSID-Scanner
         (Key-Store-1)                                  SSID-Laptop                                            (Key-Store-N)                 SSID-Laptop
                                                          (WPA2)                                                                               (WPA2)



                 Scanners                          Laptops                                                         Scanners                Laptops
                 (WPA-PSK)                         (WPA2)                                                          (WPA-PSK)               (WPA2)
         BRKEWN-2018         © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.           Cisco Public                                                  55
RADIUS
                                            CT-5508                                                   Data Center
                                            Cluster
  AP Group 1 : Store 1
   WLANs : Store-1
            Store-data
  …
  AP Group N : Store-N
   SSID=Scanner
   WLANs : Store-N
            Store-data
                                                                                                                      WAN



                   Store-1                                                                                            Store-N
Local Resource                                            AP-Group-1                       Local Resource                           AP-Group-N


                                                                                        1000 Stores
                                                                  H-REAP                                                                  H-REAP


         SSID-Scanner                                                                                          SSID-Scanner
         (Key-Store-1)                                  SSID-Laptop                                            (Key-Store-N)      SSID-Laptop
                                                          (WPA2)                                                                    (WPA2)



                 Scanners                          Laptops                                                         Scanners     Laptops
                 (WPA-PSK)                         (WPA2)                                                          (WPA-PSK)    (WPA2)
         BRKEWN-2018         © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.           Cisco Public                                       56
Project Scale
 1000 Stores with an average of 5 AP per store : 5000 AP
 10 x CT-5508-500 to support 5000 AP
 1000 Stores means :
      •    1000 WLAN profiles with 1000 same SSID for Scanners each with a different
           WPA2-PSK key per store (*)
      •    1 WLAN profile with same SSID for Laptops with central switching and central
           WPA/Radius authentication
      •    1000 AP Groups to map the WLAN profiles on each store

 Capabilities to be supported by CT-5508-500 for this case study :
      •     100 Stores managed by a CT-5508
      •     100 different WLAN Profiles with same H-REAP SSID per CT
      •     100 AP Groups per CT
      •     No H-REAP Groups for phase 1




   BRKEWN-2018       © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   57
Summary
Summary

    Cisco Unified Wireless Network based on
     Controllers deliver Wireless Branch Solution
    H-REAP is the feature designed to solve remote
     connectivity and WAN constraints
    Several Failover Scenario are targeted to offer
     Survivability of Small Remote Sites


Deployment Guide URL- http://www.cisco.com/*****




   BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   59
Deploying Cisco’s FlexConnect
   Wireless Branch Solution
Increases Business Resiliency




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   60
Recommended Reading




BRKEWN-2018   © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   61
Visit the Cisco Store for
               Related Titles
        http://theciscostores.com




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Wireless Branch Office Network Architecture

  • 1. Architecturing Network for Branch Offices with Cisco Wireless BRKEWN-2016 BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
  • 2. Abstract  This session focuses on the architecture concepts of the branch office WLAN deployments, emphasising the core technologies that drive and enable mobility in retail, banking, education, entreprise or managed wlan services. Topics covered include in-depth protocol description of H- Reap/FlexConnect, all deployment options in practice, and are based on customer case studies for their application into the branch environment. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
  • 3. Deploying Cisco’s FlexConnect Wireless Branch Solution Increases Business Resiliency BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
  • 4. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
  • 5. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
  • 6. Cisco Unified Wireless Principles WCS  Components • Wireless LAN controllers • Aironet access points Wireless LAN Controllers • Management System (WCS) MSE • Mobility Service Engine (MSE) Campus  Principles Network • AP must have CAPWAP connectivity with WLC • Configuration Aironet downloaded to AP by WLC Access Point • All Wi-Fi traffic is forwarded to the WLC BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
  • 7. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
  • 8. Branch Designs Using Remote Controllers Overview Central Site Backup Central  Branches can also have Controller local remote controllers  Small form factors WLC are available to have « small campus » : WLC-25xx or integrated WAN controller modules in ISR/ISR-G2 WLC-25xx WLCM for ISR/ISR-G2  High-availability design with central backup controller is supported; WAN limitations may apply Remote Site A Remote Site B BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
  • 9. Branch Designs Using Remote Controllers Advantages  Cookie cutter configuration for every branch site  Layer-3 roaming within the branch  ACL in the branch site  Peer to peer blocking  WGB support  Reliable Multicast (filtering)  Dynamic VLAN Note: If you have ISR/ISR G2 at branch site then it is recommended to use the IOS Firewall at edge for unified access policies. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
  • 10. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
  • 11. CAPWAP Overview Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Point  CAPWAP is a standard, interoperable protocol that enables an Access Controller (AC) to manage a collection of Wireless Termination Points (WTPs)  CAPWAP carries control and data traffic between the two Control plane is DTLS encrypted Data plane is DTLS encrypted (optional)  CAPWAP supports only Layer 3 mode deployments Business Application Data Plane Access Point CAPWAP Controller Wi-Fi Client Control Plane BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
  • 12. CAPWAP Modes Split MAC  The CAPWAP protocol supports two modes of operation Split MAC (Centralized Mode) Local MAC (H-REAP/FlexConnect)  Split MAC Wireless Frame Wireless Phy CAPWAP MAC Sublayer Data Plane 802.3 Frame STA WTP AC BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
  • 13. CAPWAP Modes Local MAC  Local MAC mode of operation allows for the data frames to be either locally bridged or tunneled as 802.3 frames  Locally bridged Wireless Frame Wireless Phy MAC Sublayer 802.3 Frame STA WTP AC  H-REAP support locally bridged MAC and split MAC per SSID BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
  • 14. CAPWAP Modes Local MAC  Local MAC mode of operation allows for the data frames to be either locally bridged or tunneled as 802.3 frames  Tunneled as 802.3 frames Wireless Frame 802.3 Frame Wireless Phy CAPWAP MAC Sublayer Data Plane 802.3 Frame STA WTP AC  Tunneled local MAC is not supported by Cisco BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
  • 15. H-REAP Glossary  Connected mode – When H-REAP can reach Controller (connected state), it gets help from controller to complete client authentication.  Standalone mode – When controller is not reachable by H-REAP, it goes into standalone state and does client authentication by itself.  Local Switching – Data traffic switched onto local VLANs for an SSID  Central Switching – Data traffic tunneled back to WLC for an SSID BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
  • 16. Branch Office Deployment HREAP – Hybrid Remote Edge Access Point Central Site  Hybrid architecture Cluster of Centralized WLC  Single management Traffic Centralized and control point Traffic  Data Traffic Switching Centralized traffic (split MAC) Or WAN Local traffic (local MAC)  HA will preserve local Local traffic only Traffic  Traffic Switching is Remote configured per AP and Office per WLAN (SSID) BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
  • 17. Configure H-REAP Mode Step 1: Configure Access Point Mode  Enable H-REAP mode per AP  Supported AP: AP-1130, AP-1240, AP-1040, AP-1140, AP-1260, AP-1250, AP-3500 BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
  • 18. Configure H-REAP Local Switching Step 2: Enable Local Switching per WLAN  Only WLAN with “Local Switching” enabled will allow local switching at the H-REAP AP BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
  • 19. Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping Step 3: H-REAP Specific Configuration  H-REAP AP can be connected on an access port (using native VLAN) or connected to a 802.1Q trunk port  VLAN mapping is a per AP configuration on WLC and by AP group using templates on a WCS BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
  • 20. Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping Step 4: Per AP SSID to VLAN Mapping  Mapping of SSID to 802.1Q VLAN is done per H-REAP AP  Use WCS for configuration with templates BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
  • 21. Configure H-REAP VLAN Mapping Step 4: Using WCS  With WCS, Configuration can be applied to all H-REAP AP with one template BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
  • 22. H-REAP Design Considerations  Some WAN limitations apply RTT must be below 300 ms data (100 ms voice) Minimum 500 bytes WAN MTU (with maximum four fragmented packets)  Some features are not available in standalone mode or in local switching mode ACL in local switching MAC/Web Auth in standalone mode See full list in « H-REAP Feature Matrix » http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6366/products_tec h_note09186a0080b3690b.shtml BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
  • 23. Economies of Scale for Lean Branches Flex 7500 Wireless Controller New Key Differentiation  WAN Tolerance • High Latency Networks Access Points 300-2,000 • WAN Survivability Clients 20,000  Security Branches 500 802.1x based port authentication Access Points / Branch 50  Voice support Deployment Model FlexConnect • Voice CAC Form Factor 1 RU • OKC/CCKM IO Interface 2x 10GE Upgrade Licenses 100, 200, 500, 1K BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
  • 24. FlexConnect Improvements in New 7.0.116  WAN Survivability FlexConnect AP provides wireless access and services to clients when the connection to the primary WLC fails  Local Authentication Allows for the authentication capability to exist directly at the AP in FlexConnect instead of the WLC  Improved Scale Group Scale: Max HREAP groups increased to 500 (7500s) and 100 (5500s) APs per Group: 50 (7500s) and 25 (5500s)  Fast roaming in remote branches Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC) between APs in a branch BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
  • 25. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
  • 26. Understanding AP Groups Overview AP Group 1 Central Site Flex 7500  AP groups is a logical concept of grouping AP which deliver similar Wi-Fi services; these services can be: By physical location, WAN and/or By functional services Remote Site A Remote Site B (data, voice, guest, …)  Same AP groups need AP Group 2 AP Group 3 to be defined in all WLC of a mobility group BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
  • 27. Understanding AP Groups Rules to Know  Rules to know : • One AP can be in only one AP Group • One WLAN(SSID) can be in several AP Groups • WLAN with ID 1-16 can not be removed from the ‘default-group’ • WLAN with ID greater than 16 will never be part of the ‘default- group’ • All AP with no AP Group name or an unknown AP Group name will be part of the ‘default-group’  Well known mistakes : • Create no AP group, but create a WLAN with ID 17+. • Having AP groups defined, Create WLAN with ID 17+ but never map the WLAN to any AP Group. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
  • 28. AP Groups Configuration: Create a New Group BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
  • 29. AP Groups Configuration: Add AP to Group BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
  • 30. AP Groups Usage @ Internet Per Location SSID Guest-Access AP Group 1 Central Site  AP groups give the ability to enable Wi-Fi Corporate-Voice Services (WLAN) based on physical location  Example Corporate-Data WAN/MAN Central Site Corporate-Voice, Corporate-Data, Manufacturing Plan Store Guest-Access Manufacturing Plan AP Group 3 Corporate-Voice, Corporate-Data, Scanners Scanners Store AP Group 2 Corporate-Data Corporate-Data, Guest-Access Guest-Access BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
  • 31. AP Groups Usage Per AP Group SSID to VLAN Mapping  AP groups give the VLAN-1 ability to statically map AP Group 1 Central Site Wi-Fi service (WLAN) to VLAN based on VLAN-2 physical location  Users see the same VLAN-3 Wi-Fi service on all sites but IP@ can be used for WAN/MAN monitoring or filtering Corporate-Data Manufacturing  Can also be used to Plan Store have smaller Wi-Fi AP Group 2 AP Group 3 subnets Corporate-Data Corporate-Data BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
  • 32. AP Groups Configuration/VLAN Mapping BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
  • 33. AP Groups Scaling New Scaling Flex 7500 WLC 5508 WLC 4400 WLC 2100 # AP Groups 500 500 300 50 # WLAN 512 512 512 512 (SSID) # VLAN 512 512 512 512 (Interfaces) BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
  • 34. Understanding H-REAP Groups Overview Central Site Flex 7500  H-REAP groups allow sharing of: Cluster  CCKM/OKC fast roaming keys  Local backup RADIUS servers IP/keys  Local user authentication  Local EAP authentication WAN  Scaling information Remote Site Remote Site  500 H-REAP groups for Flex 7500  50 AP per H-REAP group H-REAP Group 2 H-REAP Group 1 BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
  • 35. H-REAP Groups and CCKM/OKC Keys CCKM Keys  CCKM/OKC keys are stored on Central Site HREAP APs for Layer 2 fast roaming RADIUS Server  The HREAP APs will receive the CCKM/OKC keys from the WLC  If a HREAP AP boots up in the standalone Remote Site WAN mode, it will not get the H-REAP Remote Site CCKM keys from the Group 1 H-REAP Group 2 WLC and fast roaming is not supported BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
  • 36. H-REAP Groups and CCKM Keys Add a New H-REAP Group Add APs to the H-REAP Group BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
  • 37. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
  • 38. H-REAP Backup Scenario WAN Failure Central Site  H-REAP will backup on local switched mode No impact for locally switched SSIDs Disconnection of centrally switched SSIDs clients  Static authentication keys are locally WAN stored in H-REAP AP  Lost features Remote Site RRM, WIDS, location, other AP modes Web authentication, NAC Application Server BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
  • 39. H-REAP Backup Scenario WLC Failure  H-REAP will first backup on local Central Site switched mode No impact for locally switched SSIDs Disconnection of centrally switched SSIDs clients  CCKM roaming allowed in H-REAP group WAN  H-REAP AP will then search for backup WLC; when backup Remote Site WLC is found, H-REAP AP will resync with WLC and Application Server resume client session with central traffic.  Client session with Local Traffic are not impacted during resync with Backup WLC. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
  • 40. H-REAP Group: Local Backup RADIUS Backup Scenario Central Site  Normal authentication is done centrally Central RADIUS  On WAN failure, AP authenticate new client with locally defined RADIUS server WAN  Existing connected clients stay connected Local Backup RADIUS Remote Site  Clients can roam with CCKM fast roaming, or Reauthentication H-REAP Group 1 CCKM Fast Roaming BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
  • 41. H-REAP Group: Local Backup RADIUS Configuration  Define primary and secondary local backup RADIUS server per H-REAP group BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
  • 42. H-REAP Group: Local Backup Authentication Backup Scenario Central Site  Normal authentication is done centrally Central RADIUS  On WAN failure, AP authenticate new client with its local database  Each H-REAP AP has a WAN copy of the local user DB  Existing authenticated clients Remote Site stay connected  Clients can roam with: CCKM fast roaming, or H-REAP Group 1 Local re-authentication ! Only LEAP and EAP-FAST Supported CCKM Fast Roaming BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
  • 43. H-REAP Group: Local Backup Authentication Configuration  Define users (max 100) and passwords  Define EAP parameters (LEAP or EAP-FAST) BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43
  • 44. H-REAP Backup Scenario WAN Down Behavior (Bootup Standalone Mode)  Central Switched WLANs will shutdown  Web-auth WLANs will shutdown  Local Switched WLANs will be up : Only Open, Shared and WPA-PSK are allowed. Local 802.1x allowed with local authentication or local RADIUS  Unsupported features RRM, CCKM, WIDS, Location, Other AP Mode, NAC. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
  • 45. Not Supported Backup Scenario ! AP Changing Mode on Failure Central Site  AP can not automatically change from local mode to H-REAP mode on local WLC failure Changing mode is a configuration task of the AP WAN  Why it does not make sense Need for dual configuration at the Remote Site switch level (access port for central, 802.1Q for H-REAP) Application Server Lost controller features when going to H-REAP If you accept H-REAP locally, then don’t but local WLC ! Not Supported Backup Scenario BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45
  • 46. Not Supported Backup Scenario ! Auto-Enabling Backup Local Switching Central Site  H-REAP AP can not be configured with Primary Application two SSID with same name; one in central Server switching mode, one in local switching mode; when central switching is down, local switched SSID becomes active Changing enable status of an SSID is a WAN configuration task of the WLC level  Cisco recommends using Local Remote Site Switching. Why? H-REAP AP SSID “Data” (Central Switching) Fault Tolerance will always keep client Backup Application connection UP. Server SSID “Data” ! Not Supported Backup Scenario (Local Switching) Disable Enable BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46
  • 47. Failover Matrix WAN Up WAN Down Feature (Connected) (Standalone) Static Security Keys Yes Yes (WEP, WPA2/PSK) 802.1x/EAP Yes Yes Yes RADIUS Yes (local RADIUS Backup) Local Authentication Yes New Yes Yes OKC Fast Roaming Yes New (not new clients) WebAuth & MAC Auth Yes No BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
  • 48. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48
  • 49. Monitor H-REAP Latency  RTT for H-REAP AP must be 300ms maximum  Latency tool will help monitor WAN latency BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49
  • 50. Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment Concerns  Sites using H-REAP AP are usually sites with low WAN bandwidth  Each site may have small number of AP, but an enterprise may have a lot of branches  Upgrading ~2000 AP through a low bandwidth WAN is a challenge : • Time needed to download all the AP firmware • Exhaust of the WAN link • Risk of failures during the download BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50
  • 51. Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment Safe Process Firmware Image Use “Pre-Download” 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 Primary Secondary Feature and Control the 7.0 Process Before Effectively Wireless Control Wireless LAN Do the Upgrade System Central Site Controller 1.Download WLC upgraded firmware (will become primary) 2.Force the « boot image » to be the secondary (and not the newly upgraded one) to avoid WAN parallel download of all AP in case Remote Site-1 Remote Site-N of unexpected WLC reboot BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51
  • 52. Upgrading an H-REAP Deployment Safe Process (Cont…) Firmware Image 3. « Pre-download » the AP firmware in the secondary 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 « boot image » (will not Primary Secondary disrupt the actual service)— Can be started AP per AP to Wireless Control System Wireless LAN Central Site Controller limit WAN exhaust 4. Check that all the H-REAP AP are up-to-date (all download succeed) 5. Swap the « boot image » WAN of the AP to the new one, AP Firmware Image Remote Site-1 Remote Site-N change the « boot image » of the WLC to the new one 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6. Reboot the controller Primary Secondary BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52
  • 53. Agenda  Cisco Unified Wireless Principles (Reminder)  Branches Using Remote Controllers  Understanding H-REAP Mode and Limitations  Understanding AP Groups and H-REAP Groups  Designing a Resilient Network  Operating an H-REAP–Based Branch Network  Retail Case Study BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53
  • 54. Customer Requirements  ~1000 Medium stores (“Supermarket”)  Up to 5 AP per store.  L2 connectivity between the AP. AP on access port (no 802.1Q trunk today)  Existing local resources (servers, …)  WLAN Services : SSID for Scanners : • WPA-PSK will be used on scanners • Same SSID name for all the stores, but different key per store • Local Switching in the store SSID for Laptops : • WPA/TKIP or WPA2/AES for laptops • Same SSID name and VLAN for all the stores • Central RADIUS authentication • Central Switching BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54
  • 55. RADIUS CT-5508 Data Center Cluster WLAN 17 : Store 1 WLAN 200 : Store-Data  SSID=Scanner  SSID=Laptop  WPA-PSK=XYZ  WPA/RADIUS  Local VLAN=native  Central VLAN=Tag- … WLAN 17+N : Store-N  SSID=Scanner  WPA-PSK=ZYX  Local VLAN=native WAN Store-1 Store-N Local Resource Local Resource 1000 Stores H-REAP H-REAP SSID-Scanner SSID-Scanner (Key-Store-1) SSID-Laptop (Key-Store-N) SSID-Laptop (WPA2) (WPA2) Scanners Laptops Scanners Laptops (WPA-PSK) (WPA2) (WPA-PSK) (WPA2) BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55
  • 56. RADIUS CT-5508 Data Center Cluster AP Group 1 : Store 1  WLANs : Store-1 Store-data … AP Group N : Store-N  SSID=Scanner  WLANs : Store-N Store-data WAN Store-1 Store-N Local Resource AP-Group-1 Local Resource AP-Group-N 1000 Stores H-REAP H-REAP SSID-Scanner SSID-Scanner (Key-Store-1) SSID-Laptop (Key-Store-N) SSID-Laptop (WPA2) (WPA2) Scanners Laptops Scanners Laptops (WPA-PSK) (WPA2) (WPA-PSK) (WPA2) BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56
  • 57. Project Scale  1000 Stores with an average of 5 AP per store : 5000 AP  10 x CT-5508-500 to support 5000 AP  1000 Stores means : • 1000 WLAN profiles with 1000 same SSID for Scanners each with a different WPA2-PSK key per store (*) • 1 WLAN profile with same SSID for Laptops with central switching and central WPA/Radius authentication • 1000 AP Groups to map the WLAN profiles on each store  Capabilities to be supported by CT-5508-500 for this case study : • 100 Stores managed by a CT-5508 • 100 different WLAN Profiles with same H-REAP SSID per CT • 100 AP Groups per CT • No H-REAP Groups for phase 1 BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 57
  • 59. Summary  Cisco Unified Wireless Network based on Controllers deliver Wireless Branch Solution  H-REAP is the feature designed to solve remote connectivity and WAN constraints  Several Failover Scenario are targeted to offer Survivability of Small Remote Sites Deployment Guide URL- http://www.cisco.com/***** BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59
  • 60. Deploying Cisco’s FlexConnect Wireless Branch Solution Increases Business Resiliency BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60
  • 61. Recommended Reading BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61
  • 62. Visit the Cisco Store for Related Titles http://theciscostores.com BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62
  • 63. Complete Your Online Session Evaluation  Receive 25 Cisco Preferred Access points for each session evaluation you complete.  Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes. Points are calculated on a daily basis. Winners will be notified by email after July 22nd.  Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center.  Don’t forget to activate your Cisco Live and Networkers Virtual account for access to all session materials, communities, and on-demand and live activities throughout the year. Activate your account at any internet station or visit www.ciscolivevirtual.com. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63
  • 64. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 64
  • 65. Thank you. BRKEWN-2018 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65