4k

1. ULTRA HD RESOLUTION
THE FUTURE OF
RESOLUTIONS

2. RESOLUTION IS DETERMINED BY THE NUMBER OF PIXELS THAT ARE ARRANGED
HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY ACROSS THE SCREEN.
A PIXEL IS THE SMALLEST POSSIBLE INDIVIDUAL POINT OF LIGHT THAT MAKES UP AN
IMAGE ON A SCREEN.
MORE PIXELS CLEARER THE IMAGE
THE ASPECT RATIO DESCRIBES THE PROPORTIONS OF THE WIDTH AND HEIGHT OF
THE SCREEN.
 Think of the difference between today's rectangular, slim tvs and the square-shaped
screens of bulky tvs used 10 years ago -- those older models featured a 4:3 aspect ratio.
nowadays, you're likely looking at a tv with a 16:9 aspect ratio -- the same as a movie
theater screen.
THE FRAME RATE DESCRIBES HOW MANY TIMES PER SECOND THE PICTURE REFRESHES
ON THE SCREEN

3. WHAT IS ULTRA HD ?
• ULTRA HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION (ALSO KNOWN AS ULTRA HD
TELEVISION, UHDTV OR UHD) INCLUDES 4K UHD (2160P) AND 8K UHD (4320P)
• ULTRA HD IS AN TERM BY CEA IN , USED TO DESCRIBE A NEW HIGH RESOLUTION
VIDEO FORMAT WITH A MINIMUM RESOLUTION OF 3840 × 2160 PIXELS IN A 16 ×
9 ASPECT RATIO.

4.  Rec. 2020 defines various
aspects of ultra high definition
television(UHDTV) such
as display resolution, frame
rate, chroma subsampling, bit
depth, and color space.
Diagram shows the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV)
colour space in the triangle and the location
of the primary colors. Rec. 2020
uses Illuminant D65 for the white point.

5. • ILLUMINANT D65 IS A COMMONLY USED STANDARD ILLUMINANT DEFINED BY
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION
• IT IS PART OF THE D SERIES OF ILLUMINANTS THAT TRY TO PORTRAY STANDARD
ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS AT OPEN-AIR IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD.
• DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
 REC. 2020 DEFINES A BIT DEPTH OF EITHER 10-BITS PER SAMPLE OR 12-BITS PER
SAMPLE

6. • HDMI 2.0
 EXPANDS THE 4K (2160P) RESOLUTION COMPATIBILITY OF HDMI 1.4/1.4A TO
ACCEPT EITHER 50HZ OR 60HZ FRAME RATES (MAXIMUM 18 GBPS TRANSFER RATE
WITH 8 BIT COLOR).

7. COMPARISON - HDTV VS. UHDTV

8. UHDTV HAS16 TIMES THE RESOLUTION OF ANYTHING WE CURRENTLY HAVE NOW IN
HIGH DEFINITION
THE PROJECTED IMAGES WILL BE CRAMMED WITH 32 MILLION PIXELS, COMPARED
TO THE CURRENT HD EXPERIENCE THAT DISPLAYS ABOUT TWO MILLION PIXELS
RESOLUTION WILL BE RICH BUT SCREEN ENDS UP BEING QUITE LARGE.
DEVELOPERS EXPECT THE CONSUMER VERSIONS WILL BE BETWEEN ABOUT 100 AND
200 INCHES (254 AND 508 CENTIMETERS) IN SIZE.
DESPITE THE DIFFERENCES IN RESOLUTION AND FRAME RATE, THE CURRENT PLAN
IS TO RETAIN HDTV'S ASPECT RATIO OF 16:9
MASSIVE NUMBER OF PIXELS (4,000 HORIZONTAL SCANNING LINES WORTH) ARE
CRAMMED ONTO A UHDTV SCREEN, AND THOSE PIXELS ARE REFRESHED AT A
BREAKNECK PACE OF 60 TIMES PER SECOND.

9. YOU CAN SEE MORE DETAILS…

11. TRANSMISSION
1. THE IMAGE DATA IS CONVERTED INTO HD-SDI FORMAT AND DIVIDED INTO 16
SEPARATE CHANNELS, EACH THE SIZE OF A REGULAR HD SIGNAL
2. IT IS A STANDARD FORMAT FOR TRANSMITTING DATA INTO SHORT-DISTANCE
ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.
3. IT ALLOWS THE QUICK TRANSMISSION OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF UNCOMPRESSED
VIDEO SIGNALS BETWEEN DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE ULTRA-HIGH
DEFINITION SYSTEM.
4. 16 CHANNELS ARE ENCODED AND COMPRESSED, COMBINING THEM FOR OPTICAL
TRANSMISSION AND BROADCAST
5. ONCE THE SIGNALS REACH THEIR DESTINATION, THEY ARE DECODED,
UNCOMPRESSED AND SEPARATED BACK INTO 16 CHANNELS AS THE PROCESS
REVERSES ITSELF.
6. THE IMAGE, RETURNED TO HD-SDI FORMAT, TRAVELS ALONG ANOTHER 16
CABLES TO WHERE IT'LL BE COMBINED FURTHER AND PROJECTED ONTO A

12. ULTRA HD UPSCALING
• THE ULTRA HD 4K RESOLUTION OF 3840 × 2160 SIMPLIFIES VIDEO SCALING FROM
THE POPULAR HIGH-DEFINITION SOURCE FORMATS 720P AND 1080P
• A 1080P VIDEO SOURCE CAN BE SCALED PERFECTLY BY SIMPLY DOUBLING EACH
PIXEL HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY, USING 4 PIXELS ON THE ULTRA HD 4K
DISPLAY TO REPRESENT EACH PIXEL FROM THE 1080P SOURCE
• SIMILARLY, A 720P SOURCE PIXEL CAN BE TRIPLED HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY,
USING 9 PIXELS ON THE 4K DISPLAY FOR EACH PIXEL FROM THE 720P SOURCE.
• THE 720P AND 1080P RESOLUTIONS WILL ALSO EVENLY DIVIDE THE 8K RESOLUTION
OF 7680 × 4320.

13. 4K
• 4K HAS TWICE THE HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL RESOLUTION OF 1080P HDTV
FORMAT WITH 4 TIMES AS MANY PIXELS OVERALL.
• TECHNICALLY SPEAKING, 4K IS NOT THE SAME AS 4K ULTRA HD.
• THE TERM “4K” WAS ORIGINALLY USED TO DESCRIBE DIGITAL CINEMA (4096 ×
2160 PX). SINCE DIGITAL CINEMA RESOLUTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN A
CONSUMER TELEVISION, THE TERM “4K ULTRA HD” (3840 × 2160 PX) WAS
INVENTED .
• THE SLIGHT REDUCTION IN 4K ULTRA HD RESOLUTION TO ACHIEVE A 16 × 9
ASPECT RATIO.
• THE CLARITY IN CURRENT FULL HD SCREENS ARE NOT EVEN CLOSE TO 4K
CLARITY.

14. • SEVERAL ENTERTAINMENT STUDIOS ARE PREPARING THEIR FOOTAGE FOR VIEWING
IN 4K ULTRA HD.
• SONY HAS PROACTIVELY APPROACHED THE LACK OF 4K ULTRA HD CONTENT BY
RELEASING THEIR OWN “MASTERED IN 4K” BLU-RAY DISCS.
• THE CONTENT ON THESE DISCS IS ENCODED IN FULL HD, AND IS LATER UP-
SCALED TO 4K ULTRA HD BY THE BLU-RAY PLAYER AND TELEVISION.
• SONY UNVEILED THE FIRST COMMERCIAL 4K PROJECTOR FOR MOVIE THEATERS.

15. 5 LIST OF 4K ULTRA HDTV’S
• 4K ULTRA HDTV’S CURRENTLY RANGE FROM 39-INCHES TO 110-INCHES, WITH A
VARIETY OF SIZES IN BETWEEN.
 SONY: 55″ | 65″ | 84″
 LG: 55″ | 65″ | 84″
 SAMSUNG: 55″ | 65″| 85″ | 110″
 SEIKI: 39″ | 50″ | 55″ | 65″
 TOSHIBA: 55″ | 65″ | 84″
 SHARP: 70″
 TCL: 50″
 HISENSE: 50″ | 58″ | 65″ | 84″ | 110″

16. 8K
• 8K ULTRA HD IS THE SECOND OF THE TWO ULTRA HD FORMATS, FEATURING
A 7680 × 4320 PX RESOLUTION, WHICH IS EXACTLY 16 TIMES THE RESOLUTION
OF FULL HD.
• ONLY ONE 8K ULTRA HDTV WAS BEING FEATURED AT CES 2013 BY SHARP.
• THIS RESOLUTION HAS THE ASTOUNDING VIDEO QUALITY CANNOT BE DESCRIBED
WITH WORDS, NOR CAN A STILL PHOTOGRAPH ACCURATELY REPRESENT THE
SHEER AWESOMENESS OF THIS VIDEO RESOLUTION.
• 8K ULTRA HD IS STILL (AT LEAST) SEVERAL YEARS AWAY FROM OUR LIVING
ROOM.
 THREE MAIN OBSTACLES MUST BE OVERCOME TO BRING THIS RESOLUTION TO
MAINSTREAM: STORAGE, BANDWIDTH, AND CONTENT

17. MASTERED IN 4K
• “MASTERED IN 4K” IS A PHRASE FROM SONY TO DENOTE A FULL HD
(1920×1080) FILM ON A BLU-RAY DISC THAT HAS BEEN REMASTERED FROM AN
ULTRA HIGH DEFINITION SOURCE .
• MASTERED IN 4K” DISC IS THEORETICALLY OPTIMIZED TO BE UPSCALED FOR
PLAYBACK ON A 4K ULTRA HDTV.
• MASTERED IN 4K” DISC WILL ALSO PLAY IN ALL CURRENT BLU-RAY PLAYERS,
INCLUDING THE SONY PLAYSTATION 3.

18. • WOULD HDMI 2.0 BE GOOD ENOUGH?
 NOT FOR HIGH FRAME RATE 2160P CONTENT WITH DEEP COLOUR.
• HOW ABOUT DISPLAY PORT 1.2?
 YES, IT IS FAST ENOUGH TO HANDLE 2160P/60 WITH 10-BIT COLOUR, BUT NEEDS TO
GET FASTER.
• WHO IS USING DISPLAY PORT?
 NOT ENOUGH MANUFACTURERS TO DATE, ALTHOUGH IT APPEARS TO BE THE INTERFACE
OF CHOICE FOR A GROWING NUMBER OF DIGITAL SIGNAGE MEDIA PLAYERS.
• ARE THERE 4K MEDIA PLAYERS AVAILABLE?
 YES, BUT IN VERY LIMITED QUANTITIES FROM A HANDFUL OF MANUFACTURERS.

19. • HOW EXPENSIVE IS AN ULTRA HD TV?
• THE FIRST WAVE OF 4K TVS WERE LARGE, REALLY LARGE
• BOTH SONY AND LG LAUNCHED 84-INCH PANELS WITH PRICE TAG OF $30,000
• SAMSUNG WEIGHED IN WITH THE 85-INCH -$55,000
• HOW SMALL WILL 4K ULTRA HD SCREENS GET?
• SCREEN SIZES ARE LIKELY TO STABILISE AT 55-INCHES AND UPWARDS
• AS THE SCREEN SIZE SHRINKS THE ADVANTAGE OF HAVING SUCH A PIXEL DENSE
DISPLAY STARTS TO DIMINISH.
• HOW FAR SHOULD I SIT FROM A 4K TV FOR THE BEST PICTURE?
• THE MOST COMFORTABLE DISTANCE TO VIEW A 65-INCH 4K SCREEN APPROX. 1.5M
• A LARGE 4K SCREEN IS PROBABLY BEST VIEWED AT A DISTANCE OF BETWEEN 2-3M

20. GAMING IN 4K
Benchmark of crisis 3

21. • FROM THE BENCHMARK
OBTAINED IT IS CLEAR THAT IT
REQUIRES POTENT HARDWARE
• EVEN WHEN TWO HIGH END
GRAPHICS CARDS SUCH AS
GEFORCE GTX 780S SCALED
TOGETHER THROUGH SLI ARE
PRETTY MUCH THE ENTRY POINT
FOR GAMING AT 3840X2160.
• USERS HAVE BEEN TESTING AND
STILL ISN’T COMFORTABLE
ENOUGH WITH THE
OUTSTANDING BUGS THAT
COMES ALONG WITH ULTRA HD
GAMING.

24. www.werigi.com
Server Room with Advanced Graphics Engines

25. www.werigi.com
4K Projection Room

26. CHALLENGES
• THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS TO MOVE ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF DATA AROUND
RELIABLY AND QUICKLY.
• STORAGE.

27. USES
• USED FOR EDUCATIONAL, SECURITY AND ADVERTISING PURPOSE AT SPORTS
EVENTS, ART SHOWS ETC
• MEDICAL
 MEDICAL SYSTEMS WITH 4K DISPLAY
 SURGICAL ENDOSCOPES etc
• PHOTOGRAPHY
• INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
• CAD/CAM PROJECTS
• MOVIES etc

28. PROBLEMS TO FACE
• MOTION SICKNESS
• NAUSEA
• CONFUSION
• CHALLENGES TO MAKE UP ARTISTS