Cosmological Results from Planck

Cosmological Results
from Planck
Marian Douspis
IAS-Orsay
1

CITA–ICAT
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI
DI MILANO
ABabcdfghiejkl
2
The scientific results that we present today are a product of
the Planck Collaboration, including individuals from more
than 100 scientific institutes in Europe, the USA and Canada
Planck is a
project of the
European Space
Agency, with
instruments
provided by two
scientific
Consortia
funded by ESA
member states
(in particular
the lead
countries:
France and
Italy) with
contributions
from NASA
(USA), and
telescope
reflectors
provided in a
collaboration
between ESA
and a scientific
Consortium led
and funded by
Denmark.
2

M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 3
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
3

M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck
4
Launch: May 14 2009
• 2 Instruments HFI+LFI
• Observation in 9 frequency bands
• 22 radiometers (LFI) and 56 sensitive /
fast bolometers (HFI)
• 5 stages cryogenic cooling chain
• Aug. 2009: survey started
• Nov. 2010: nominal mission (2 surveys)
achieved
• Mid-Jan. 2012: extended cryogenic
mission (5 surveys) achieved
• Summer 2013: warm mission achieved
4

Why Planck ?
5
At decision time (~1992)
At launch
At my PhD (~2000)
5

Why Planck ?
6
Probing large and small scales with same
instrument to avoid calibration problems
6

Why Planck ?
7
WMAP SPT
Probing low and high frequencies to have a better
handle on contaminating foregrounds
30 44 77 100 143 217 353 545 857
7

Planck-HFI: technological success
8
1.6 K
Cryostat He3/He4
Extremely complex but extremely stable cryogenic chain
100 mK
4 K
8

Planck: data analysis success
9
143 GHz
545 GHz
blind bolometer
Galaxy
cosmics
Dipole
33GHz 44GHz 70GHz
100GHz 143GHz 217GHz
353GHz 545GHz 857GHz
800 GB from L2
1010 sample per bolometer
5.107 pixels per map
9

Planck: Scientiﬁc success
10
Early Results
• Release of Point sources
and SZ catalogues
• based on 11 month of data
• 27 papers
Results
• Release of maps,
catalogues, ...
• 28 papers
Intermediate Results
• 13 papers
2011 2013
10

Some press coverage
11
March 21st or 22nd, 2013
11

2011+2013 Release
12
• Maps per frequency
• CMB maps
• component maps
• Lensing map
• Dust opacity map
• point sources catalogues
• SZ catalogue
• Likelihood ...
PLA: Planck Legacy Archive:
http://pla.esac.esa.int/pla/aio/planckProducts.html
LAMBDA:
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov
12

• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• LSS results
• Next....
13

2013 Results
14
Low frequency CO Dust
14

Planck CMB map
15
15

From M.Tristram
16

From M.Tristram
17

From M.Tristram
18

Angular power spectrum
19
19

CMB from space
20
20

Cosmology
21
• Amplitude of the ﬂuctuations mostly from the
plateau
• Sound horizon: ﬁrst peak location
• Total matter: changes the contrast between
the peaks
• Baryon density: changes the ratio between
peak heights (inertia)
• Reionisation optical depth: damps small
scales. Constrained from large scale
polarisation but also marginally from lensing
• H0: derived from above parameters
• Curvature: large scales (ISW) small scales
(lensing)‫‏‬
• Neutrino masses: small scales (lensing)
21

• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• LSS results
• Next....
22

Likelihood large scales
• pixel based likelihood for
l=[2,49]
• CMB map @ low resolution
• 4 algorithms: very similar
results
• Error: dominated by cosmic
variance
• Anomaly: points lower than
best model, no effect on
cosmology
23
23

Likelihood small scales
• Cl likelihood for l=[50,2500]
• power spectra of maps @
100, 143, 217 GHz
• No foreground cleaning in
maps, but optimized masks
and l-regions
• Modelling of CMB
+contaminants
24
24

Likelihood
25
Cmodel
` = CCMB
` + Cdust
` + Ccib+sz
` + Cpoisson
` + Cksz
`
Cmodel
` ? ⌘? Cdata
`
25

• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• LSS results
• Next....
26

ΛCDM
• 6 parameters
• 2 primordial spectrum
• 1 expansion rate
• 2 paramaters for densities
• reionization
• Hypothesis (relaxed for extension)
• Flat Universe
• No running
• No tensor
27
• 3 neutrinos species
• Standard neutrinos with
low mass
27

Results
• +WP :WMAP polarisation (TE+EE @ low-l)
‣ breaks As-tau degeneracy
• +HighL : +SPT+ACT for l in [2000,2500]
‣ better foreground handling
28
28

Standard cosmology
29
18 fold diminution in constraint volume compared to WMAP9 + SPT
33 marginalised nuisance + foreground parameters
%-level cosmology
Simple LCDM model works remarkably well
29

Heavier and older Universe
30
H0.............. 70.0 + 2.2 67.80 ± 0.77
Age............. 13.74 + 0.11 13.798 ± 0.037
30

(dis)agreement
31
Error bars divided by 2
31

(dis)agreement
32
32

100 500 1000 2000
Multipole moment
0
500
1000
1500
2
D[mK2
]
ns = 0.96
ns = 1.00
33

Inﬂation
34
Starting to exclude some inﬂation models
Scale invariant perturbation clearly excluded
34

Inflation
• Measuring bispectrum: Search for specific
shapes in the 3pt correlation function →
Local type
• WMAP9 constraints on nonlinearity
parameter fNL local = 37 ± 20
• Upper bound limits extensions of singl-
field slow role inflation models
35
35

• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• LSS results
• Next....
36

Curvature
37
Flat Universe
37

Other implications
38
• q: sound horizon is determined by the
position of the 7 peaks, and now
measured at 0.05% precision
• spatially flat Universe
• ns: exact scale invariance of the
primordial fluctuations is ruled out, at
more than 7s (as predicted by base
inflation models)
• Nucleosynthesis ok
• Upper limit on neutrino masses
• 3 neutrinos species favored by Planck
• no evidence for dynamical dark energy
• no evidence for running index dns/dlnk
q = 1.04147 ± 0.00056
ns = 0.9608 ± 0.0054
X
m⌫ < 0.23eV
Neff = 3.30+0.54
0.51
Yp = 0.267 ± 0.044
⌦k = 0.0007 ± 0.0033
38

Cosmological model established
with exquisit CMB
but
Planck is not only a CMB
machine !
Planck probes:
Dark matter distribution

→ CMB lensing
Hot gas content

→ Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
Star formation

→ Cosmic IR Background
39

CMB lensing: matter tracer
• Gravitational effect of the
LSS @ z=2 affects the
observed CMB
40
CMB lensing
detected at 25σ
signiﬁcance
40

CMB lensing: matter tracer
41
• Reconstructed
projected mass
map
• Correlation with
external tracers
agrees well
Planck LCDM in
agreement with z=2
structures
Quasars – z ~ 1 Galaxy clusters – z ~ 0.2
Galaxies – z~ 0.5 Galaxies – z ~ 0.1
41

CIB: galaxy tracer
42
• This maps primarily show the Cosmic
Infrared Background, emission from
warm dust in distant star-forming
galaxies at redshifts between 1 and 3
• CIB = HFI - dust - CMB - PointSources
• Sub-degree clustered structures
correlate between frequencies Southern cap at 353 GHz
results 2011
2011
40deg2
2013
>1000deg2
42

CIBxlensing: dark matter tracer
Stacking the Planck mass maps at the positions of peaks
and troughs of Cosmic Infrared Background leads to a
strong detection of the mass associated with these
distant star forming galaxies.This is mostly Dark Matter.
43
1º
43

SZ effect: hot baryon tracer
44
Electron
énergétique
Amas de Galaxies: galaxies + gaz
CMB photon
Photon diffusé
plus chaud
R. A. Sunyaev Ya. B. Zeldovich
44

SZ effect: hot baryon tracer
44
Electron
énergétique
Amas de Galaxies: galaxies + gaz
CMB photon
Photon diffusé
plus chaud
R. A. Sunyaev Ya. B. Zeldovich
“Hole in the sky”
SZ,Comments on Astrophysics
and Space Physics 1972
44

Planck: SZ machine
45
45

Planck SZ catalogue
46
• PSZ based on [100-857]GHz
maps
• 3 detection algorithms
• on ~84% of the sky
• 1227 clusters & candidates
• 683 previously known
• 178 new clusters
• 366 candidates
• z in [0-1]
• M in [1~20] 1014 M☉
• Mmed ~ 3.5 1014 M☉
• see Planck 2013 XXIX & PLA
46

SZ cluster number counts
• Reference mass function:Tinker et al.
• Reference scalingY-M: based on 71 Planck clusters
• Reference selection function: based on Planck noise maps
• Reference sample: S/N selected sample of 189 PSZ clusters
Internal consistency: use mostly Planck information
47
(1-b): bias between hydrostatic
equilibrium mass and total mass
0.50 2.0
-120
-60
0
60
120
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
47

Constraints from SZ counts
48
SZ+BAO
SZ+HST
degeneracy
8(⌦m/0.29)0.32
48

M. Douspis, 03/04/2013, Cosmology from Planck SZ cluster counts
Robustness
• Reference run (SZ+BAO)
• S/N>8 sample
• MMF1 sample
• MC-based completeness
• Reference run (SZ+BAO)
• Free redshift evolution of scaling
• Watson et al. mass function
• (1-b) in [0.7-1.0]
49
95% CL
95% CL
49

Coherent view from clusters
• Comparison with some
Optical, X-rays, SZ constraints
using clusters
50
0.700.750.800.850.900.95
8(M/0.27)0.3
WL*
X-rays*
MaxBCG*
ACT
SPT
Planck
Planck
SPT
WMAP
Clusters CMBLSS
50

Comparison with CMB
• Higher values of Ωm,σ8 in
Planck CMB analysis
• 3σ tension
• More general tension between
clusters and CMB ?
51
SZ+BAO
CMB
0.700.750.800.850.900.95
8(M/0.27)0.3
WL*
X-rays*
MaxBCG*
ACT
SPT
Planck
Planck
SPT
WMAP
Clusters CMBLSS
100
101
102
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
z
dNdz
Best model from Planck CMB
Best model from y-map
Best model
Planck counts
51

SZ counts & CMB
• Getting higher σ8 from clusters
• Change scaling
• Change bias
• Account for missing clusters
• Getting lower σ8 from CMB
• Change initial power
spectrum
• Change transfert function
52
52

SZ counts & CMB
• Higher σ8 in clusters
• (1-b)=0.55
• open question on baryons
• Only few missed clusters
• Lower σ8 in CMB
• running not enought
• massive neutrino
• 2 possible solutions that
reconcile SZ & CMB
53
SZ+CMB, b = 0.8
SZ+CMB, b in [0.7-1]
CMB
SZ+CMB+BAO, b [0.7-1]
SZ+CMB, b free
SZ+BAO
CMB
0.20.40.60.81.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
m
53

All sky map of the SZ signal
• Adapted component
separation methods based
on:
• constraints on emission
spectra + localisation in pixel
and multipole domains
• 100 to 857GHz channel maps
• Resolved SZ clusters
(from PSZ catalogue)
account for a signiﬁcant
fraction of the tSZ signal
in the reconstructed maps
54
Coma O
North South
54

Constraints from SZ map
• Three component model on
50% of the sky:
55
Cmodel
` = CSZ
` + Ccib
` + CP S
`
First measure of SZ spectra from large to
small scales
Consistency with cluster counts cosmology
55

And much more...
• Anomalies
• ISW
• proto-clusters
• Galaxy
• ...
56
• Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and results
• Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
• Planck 2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties
• Planck 2013 results. IV. LFI beams
• Planck 2013 results.V. LFI calibration
• Planck 2013 results.VI. High Frequency Instrument data processing
• Planck 2013 results.VII. HFI time response and beams
• Planck 2013 results.VIII. HFI calibration and mapmaking
• Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response
• Planck 2013 results. X. HFI energetic particle effects
• Planck 2013 results. XI. Consistency of the data
• Planck 2013 results. XII. Component separation
• Planck 2013 results. XIII. Galactic CO emission
• Planck 2013 results. XIV. Zodiacal emission
• Planck 2013 results. XV. CMB power spectra and likelihood
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale structure
• Planck 2013 results. XVIII.The gravitational lensing-infrared background correlation
• Planck 2013 results. XIX.The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect
• Planck 2013 results. XX. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts
• Planck 2013 results. XXI.All-sky Compton-parameter map and characterization
• Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inﬂation
• Planck 2013 results. XXIII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
• Planck 2013 results. XXIV. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
• Planck 2013 results. XXV. Searches for cosmic strings and other topological defects
• Planck 2013 results. XXVI. Background geometry and topology of the Universe
• Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Special relativistic effects on the CMB dipole
•
• Planck 2013 results. XXVIII.The Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources
• Planck 2013 results. XXIX.The Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
• Planck 2013 results. Explanatory supplement
56

Conclusions
• Planck CMB sets the new
standard LCDM
• No extended LCDM needed
• Agreement with small scales
CMB, SN-union, BAO,
lensing x-correlations
• Tension with HST/H0,
clusters and SZ spectrum
• large scale anomaly ?
57
• Planck probes z~1000
• but also
• Dark matter z≾2
• Baryons/gas z≾1
• Baryons/light z~2-3
57

Coming next
• in 2014 !
• 15 → 30 month
• Polarisation
58
58

Cosmological Results from Planck

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