2. Technical codes
ā¢ Filmmakers control what the audience focus on
and therefore every shot is chosen for a reason.
ā¢ Changing how an object or person is framed can
drastically alter how audiences react to that
character / object
ā¢ There is no such thing as neutral.
3. Establishing Shot
ā¢ An Establishing Shot lets the viewer know where the
action is taking place ā it can also give a feel for the
type of location the character might spend time
4. Long Shot
ā¢ A Long Shot shows a large distance and makes a
character symbolically small within a space
5. Full Shot
ā¢ A Full Shot shows the character from head to toe
and allows them to feel part of their surroundings
6. Mid Shot
ā¢ The Mid-shot is the most emotionally neutral and
reflects ānormalā conversation distance
7. Close Up
ā¢ A Close Up shows the emotion in a characterās
face. It is an intimate shot and normally allows us to
relate to a person.
8. Extreme close up
ā¢ An Extreme Close Up is incredibly intense and shows
a moment of action or suspense. We hardly ever
get this close to people in real life.
9. Focus
ā¢ Shallow focus can highlight the emotion of a
character and ābring them outā of a location
(more artistic)
ā¢ Deep focus can add a distance between
characters and their surroundings and make
them feel small or insignificant
(more realistic)
10.
11.
12. High Angle Vs. Low Angle
ā¢ High Angle ā looks down on a character reducing
their importance or strength
ā¢ Low Angle ā looks up at a character increasing their
domination of the frame
24. Reminder
ā¢ When analysing a frame it is important to think
about Distance / Focus and Angle
ā¢ When analysing filmmaking it is important to focus
on Duration / Movement and Edit
25. Duration
Different shot durations have different uses:
ā¢ Quick Editing is used to create action and
excitement. Often the viewer is tricked into thinking
they have seen more than they really have
ā¢ Slow Editing is used to create emotional
attachment to the onscreen action. For example, a
moving dramatic scene or lengthy conversations
26. Camera Movement
From A Fixed Point
With Movement
ā¢ Hand-Held ā shaky as if
ā¢ Pan ā moving left & right
the point of view is in
the action (realistic)
ā¢ Tilt ā moving up & down
ā¢ Tracking ā smoothly on
ā¢ Zoom ā moving in & out
tracks or with a
steadicam to provide a
distance from viewer
(artistic)
27. Editing (Techniques)
Editing is the name of the process that puts moving images in
order. Some useful examples are:
ā¢ Match Cut ā graphically (or with audio) linking two shots
together to create a higher meaning(Jump Cut)
ā¢ Jump Cut ā purposefully jolting the action forward normally
to convey waiting around (Match Cut)
ā¢ Cutaway ā showing an important object or person away
from the main action / main characterās eye line
28. Editing (Transitions)
A transition is an obvious edit between two scenes:
ā¢ Fade to Black ā signals the end of a scene
ā¢ Cross dissolve ā shows the passing of time
ā¢ Wipe ā usually means āMeanwhileā¦ā
44. Your turn!
ā¢ In pairs / groups, watch a film trailer and comment
on the types of camera angles / editing being used:
o Distance
o Movement
o Focus
o Editing
o Angle
o Duration
ā¢ What does this say about the genre of the film and how is
the audience supposed to read these ācodesā
ā¢ Make ten bullet points / screen shots and we will watch
them together next weekā¦