This is a presentation of Erik de Baedts President of the Municipal Waste Europe (MWE) and Managing Director of the Royal Dutch Waste Management Association (NVRD). It was first presented at the 4th International Conference of HSWMA "Solid Waste Management in Crisis: New Challenges and Perspectives" held at the Technical University of Athens, Greece on November 30 - December 1, 2012. His presentation focuses on the means for sustainability including municipal waste management.

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3. Hard situation in Greece
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4. Waste management in trouble
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5. It always seems impossible
until it is done

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10. Impossible
but doable
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11. Democracy: heritage & solution
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13. Global situation: production, consumption
and…
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14. Urbanisation and use of resources
More urbanisation: (mega-)cities
More use of material resources
(Sustainability is not just energy!)
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Yet collection and recycling is more
difficult in (mega-) cities with highrise

15. Planetary Boundaries
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16. Scarce resources
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17. Chain management
Changing the dynamics of patterns of production and
consumption through WASTE management
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18. The ideal for our current production process
Consumer/
Producer
Citizen
Municipalities/
Waste sector
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19. The real end of our current production process…
90% landfilling in Brasil, no better in Asia & Africa
Health, Hygiene
Environment, Climate
Social Responsibility
=> Sustainable?
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20. EU export of waste
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21. Products and some producers
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22. Towards a green economy
Textile Aluminium Electronics X/Y/Z Instruments
Design Ecodesign
Design Resources
Resources Producers
Carpet / Sector
Responsibility?
Fashion Design
Production Production
Reimbursement
Industry
schemes?
Retail Marketing
Consumption
Positive
Consumption Consumption triggers?
- Knowledge
Waste Management - Sorting (treatment)
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- Logistics
2009 © NVRD

23. Relevance waste & recycling
Motor green economy, cross-cutting impact
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24. The market and the playing field
Level playing Sustainable playing
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field field

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26. Who pays the bill?!
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27. Result producers responsibility
€475/ton
plastics
€65/ton
furniture
€80/ton
electroni
€60/ton cs 27
textiles

28. Total turnover of recycling of seven key recyclables in the EU
2004 and 2006–2009
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29. EU Approach: The Waste Hierarchy
Instead of landfilling shift to sorting and
recycling, organise sufficient but not too much
waste to energy, then focus on prevention and
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reuse

30. People employed in recycling activities in the EU per million
inhabitants: the business & the jobs!
Overall employment related to materials recovery in
Europe increased from 422 inhabitants per million in 2000
to 611 in 2007, increase of 45 %
700
600
500
Recycling
400
Wholesale of waste
300 and scraps
200 Total
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 30
30

31. Recycling society and economy including Producers Responsibility
Purchase
of
products
Producer Consumer
/ citizen
Reuse of
resources Recycling Disposal waste
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resource

32. EPR consequences
EPR digs into the municipal responsibility for waste
collection
• Municipalities desire:
• Coherent waste system for their public space
• Control over service level degree municipality
• Acceptable costs citizens
• Producers desire:
• Control over resources stream for their specific material
• Best results waste collection at lowest cost
• Clear distribution of responsibilities in law needed
– Separate collection of wastes by municipalities
– Financing by producers/importers for their resources
– The polluter pays: producers pay for their claim on public waste
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management

33. Financial & policy instruments
• National instruments:
• Landfill ban and tax
• Incineration tax (Flanders)
• Minimum standards recycling / treatment
• PRODUCERS RESPONSIBILITY
• Recycling fees for products
(WEEE/packg)
• Recycling targets for producers
• Max. residual waste for municipalities
• Municipal Waste Tax per
household
• Variable pricing (pay as you
throw)
• Per kg of waste offered
• By size of the bin
• By frequency of collection 33
• Or combinations of the above

34. Policy toolbox
Communication
Raw material label
Service level degree
Ecodesign
Producer Consumer
Use of secondary raw Pay as you throw
material in products
Producer responsibility Deposit return systems
Recycling targets Municipality
Clear feasible
Knowledge sharing
Residual waste targets
Inter municipal
Treatment taxes Optimization of
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logistics cooperation

35. A (European) resources strategy needs a good balance:
Public  Private and Municipality  Producer
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36. Crisis: ASSOCIATIONS!
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37. Alliances for sustainable production and consumption
Government PLATFORM
(UN: UNEP/UNDP,
UNFCCC [GCF], EU) Design
Design Resources Ecodesign
Industry
I.D.N. International Resources
Producers
Fashion / Sector
Designers Network Responsibilty
Carpet Design
F.G.I. Fashion Group Int. Production Production
C.E. Consumer Electronics
Association (www.ce.org) Industry Reimbursement?
Retail Marketing
NGO’S
Positive triggers
E.E.B. European Consumption
Consumption Consumption
Environmental Bureau
Greenpeace?
BEUC (Consumers) Drivers apart from public or
corporate responsibility: From Cradle
Academia
•Innovation & Technology
to practice
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Waste Management •Economic Sustainability
ISWA
•A competitive advantage

38. Rio+20 Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Landfill – Waste to Energy - Recycling
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39. EU Approach:
impact Waste Hierarchy, on climate and… jobs
bottom-up CO2-impact
Preven
Prevention
tion
Reuse Reuse
Recycling Recycling
Recovery Recovery
Landfill Landfill 39

40. Rio+20 Brasil:
Waste & Recycling potential
GreenHouseGas-emissions (MtCO2eq/yr)
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41. Businesswise, the CO2-market
Financing CO2-potential of recycling
Recycling+ business Value on the CO2 Market; global or within Brazil
2012 2020 2030
Materials % Mton CO2 $ 10/ton CO2 $ 20/ton CO2 $ 30/ton CO2
Paper and board 14,7% -9.027 90.266.214 180.532.429 270.798.643
Glass 2,8% -1.25 1.253.406 2.506.813 3.760.219
Organic waste 54,9% -5.526 55.255.520 110.511.039 165.766.559
Textiles 1,8% -1.266 12.660.116 25.320.231 37.980.347
Steel 1,3% -1.788 17.881.468 35.762.937 53.644.405
Aluminum 0,4% -1.356 13.559.932 27.119.864 40.679.796
PE (hard) 1,9%
-28.303 283.030.360 566.060.720 849.091.080
PE (film) 15,0%
PP 1,9% -3.889 38.890.123 77.780.245 116.670.368
PET 1,5% -4.620 46.200.172 92.400.344 138.600.516
Tetrapak 1,4% -628 6.283.734 12.567.468 18.851.201
Wood 0,3% -209 2.086.852 4.173.704 6.260.556
Stone-like material 0,8% 24 -237.562 -475.124 -712.686
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Other 1,3% 0 0 0
Total -56.713 USD 567.130.335 USD 1.134.260.670 USD 1.701.391.005
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42. United Nations & waste management
Liberation after UNFCCC COP17 Durban
Argentina Australia Austria Bosnia/Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Canada P.R. China
Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland India
Israel Italy Japan Latvia Malaysia New Zealand Nigeria Norway
Portugal Romania Serbia Singapore South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland
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Netherlands Turkey United Kingdom USA
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43. International cooperation
Waste sector is formally
recognised over 20 times (!) in
final declarations of UN-
Rio+20 Sustainability summit
including the need for
financing!
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44. “Every disadvantage has its advantage”
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45. Feasibility: overall result
Less waste
Resources back in the loop
Private money polluters
organised
Municipalities deliver higher
service
Lower claim on public
infrastructure
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46. Feasibility and inspiration in Greece
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47. Feasibility back in Holland
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49. AMSTERDAM 2012
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50. Back to the Netherlands
• Waste collection
• Waste treatment
• Cleansing
• Winter service
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