1. The biosphere, ecology and concept of an
ecosystem
Dr. B. H. Lower, PhD

2. Forging the elements:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/origins/program-3114.html
A Universe Hospitable for Life:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/origins/program-3114.html

6. Estuary in South Carolina Mono Lake, California after water was
diverted to nearby Los Angeles
Need for fresh water
Americans use 100 gallons of H2O/day Africans & Asians walk 4 miles/day for H2O

7. ~3% of Earth's total water supply is fresh H2O
69% of fresh H2O locked in ice sheets
Fresh Water 30% of fresh H2O concealed deep underground
1% of fresh H2O is available to humans

8. Fresh Water
Surface and
Atmospheric
Water
Total Water

9. From
groundwater
and surface
water

10. •
•
•
•
•
o
o
o

11. Video on NASA’s Kepler spacecraft launched March 4, 2009 to search
for ET’s home:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdodLNvlo4M&feature=related

12. NASA Kepler:
http://kepler.nasa.gov/
Planet Size

15. An ecosystem is a community and
its physical environment

16. “ecopopin”
ecosystem
community
population
individual

17. Video on Arctic bow head whale:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/
whales/whale_bowhead.html

18. Japan’s Nuclear Crisis and Spent Fuel
Status of Nuclear
Reactors at
Fukushima Daiichi
Power Plant:
http://www.nytimes.com/
interactive/2011/03/16/world/
asia/reactors-status.html?
ref=asia
Who wants 66,000
tons of hot nuclear
waste in USA?
Video:
http://www.cbsnews.com/
8301-31727_162-20046053-
10391695.html
Yucca Mountain, Nevada

19. Nuclear Weapons
Radioactive fallout from weapon test
present another
problem with
radiation in the
environment and
human exposure.
1-Atmospheric
2-Underground
3-Exoatmospheric
4-Underwater
USA Nuclear weapon test at Bikini Island in South Pacific (1946)

20. •
•
•
•
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGX8uq1e4Mo&NR=1

21. In 1997 the
U.S. National
Cancer Institute
estimated up to
75,000 cases of
thyroid cancer
resulted from
these tests.
U.S. federal
government has
paid over $500
million to
compensate
citizens who
developed
cancers from
these tests.
Per capita thyroid doses (Rads) from exposure to Iodine-131
from atmospheric nuclear tests conducted at Nevada Test Site Luckily the half-
from 1951-62. life of I-131 is 8
days.

22. USA: >1,150 tests (>300 atmospheric)
Soviet Union: >700 tests
France: >200 tests
UK: 45 tests
China: 45 tests
North Korea: 2 tests (most recent)
Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963) ended
atmospheric, underwater and outer space testing.
Underground tests were still permitted.
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (1996) ended all
nuclear testing of any kind.

23. Energy is the capacity or
ability to do work.
kinetic energy
potential energy

24. Video link of alternative energy:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/energy-
environment/alternative-energy.html

25. In ecosystems
energy flows through decomposers
a food web
consumers
producers

27. Video of grizzly mom teaching cubs how to fish:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/
bears-and-pandas/bear_grizzly_teachingcubs.html

29. Video on red panda named Farley:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/
bears-and-pandas/panda_red_farley.html