Lessons from ICT4D in Water and Health sectors
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A presentation focusing on key lessons in applying ICT (Informations Communications Technology) to water and health challenges in developing countries. Given at the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) conference in Kenya in July 2013.
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Lessons from ICT4D in Water and Health sectors
- 3. By mid-2013 more Africans will have a mobile phone subscription than access to an improved water source (Foster et al., 2012a)
- 4. In Zambia, Tanzania and Kenya After installing digital monitoring systems coverage rates in urban areas were significantly revised. Before: coverage rates were being reported at around 90% (across these three countries). After: rates were reported at solely 47% (GIZ 2009)
- 5. Letter Fax Email Cellphone Speed Cost Multiple recipients Archive Low barrier to entry Photo GPS What‟s driving this?
- 7. ‘traditional systems’ • linear and closed flow of information
- 8. ‘new systems’ • new ICT tools allow radical changes
- 9. Motivations driving the adoption of ICT
- 10. Three key design considerations: should your system be based on >>
- 11. One - Offs Repeated Staff Crowd One Way Two Way
- 12. One - Offs Repeated Staff Crowd One Way Two Way
- 13. One - Offs Repeated Staff Crowd One Way Two Way
- 14. There is already wide experience in Developing Countries some examples >>
- 15. Kenya Tanzania
- 16. Tanzania India
- 17. Madagascar Kenya
- 18. & whilst water services can too often become a vicious circle
- 19. Low revenue collection Customer dissatisfaction Poor services Deterioration of assets Weak finances Poor services Customer dissatisfaction Low revenue collection Weak finances Deterioration of assets
- 20. ICT is being used to ...
- 21. ... as a tool to create a virtuous circle
- 22. Quality services at a fair price Customer Satisfaction Better revenue collection Strong finances Investment in new assets Better revenue collection
- 24. Cape-Town based Focus: ICT & WASH services 1. Advice 2. Training 3. Software “ very interested not just in the technology, but how and why it gets used “
- 25. & in June of 2012 we helped convene a wide group of „experts‟ and practitioners to discuss lessons emanating from the application of ICT (or ICT4D) across the water and health sectors. The meeting was called “But does it Float?”
- 26. 2 day workshop@ 40 people co-hosted by SeeSaw and the University of Cape Town explored ICT-related trends and challenges in both the WASH & health sectors.
- 27. Key lessons
- 28. More data (on its own) = Better Results
- 29. Too often the tools & the ability to collect data in a different way is the focus Not sufficient attention to: 1. what the data gets used for 2. how the provision of data can actually change the dynamics of the situation 3. how reliable the data is 4. who will continue to provide it once novelty value has worn off.
- 30. Yet design system to local context • just transplanting a system from one context to a new environment is generally troublesome.
- 31. Only then see whether ICT systems can generate - additional - better or - faster information (and get it to where it is needed)
- 32. The use of ICT systems can pay for itself quite quickly via ... • efficiency gains • & costs saved “& seeing is believing” when it comes to persuading sceptics within an organisation
- 33. So above all pay close attention to the incentives of key stakeholders • those that need to adopt the system, • those whose inaction can block it & • those who will resist change altogether.
- 34. Before asking What system? come a range of other questions that people making decisions about using ICT need to ask
- 35. What system is appropriat Hierarchy of questions to ask in developing a new ICT system (© SeeSaw, 2013) What system is appropriate to local conditions? Will ICT change underlying behaviours? Is it expected to? Why will users provide reliable information to the system? Are there incentives? What is the full 'cost' of the system (time, effort, $$$) and where do these resources come from? When is the info needed? How often is it sent? What system is appropriate to local conditions?