1. Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”
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Present By: Dr. David Wai Yin Leung
Company: Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd.
Position: Technical Director
Date: 29th January, 2015
BEC Leadership Networking Series
29th January 2015 (Thursday) – 6:30pm to 8:30pm

2. Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”
Complete Fuel Combustion:
2 C16H34(Fuel) + 49 O2 → 32 CO2 + 34 H2O + Heat
• Most Efficient
• Ideal, but unrealistic
Incomplete Fuel Combustion:
2 C16H34(Fuel) + Air (20.8% O2) → C + CO + CO2 + H2O + Heat
• Waste of Fuel
• Reality
Engine’ incomplete combustion leads some major pollutants:
• Carbon particulate
• CO
• NOx (Mainly NO and NO2)
• Smog (VOCs + CO + NOx + Sunlight)
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3. • Add O2 content into the fuel
• Add Lubricant(s) into the fuel
• Take away H2O content in the fuel
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General Methods to Improve Combustion
Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”
Bacteria in water droplet suspending in Diesel
(Courtesy : “purefueltechnologies.com”)

4. • Save Diesel Fuel
• Reduce Particulate Matter
• Reduce NOx Emission
• Reduce CO Emission
• Reduce Exhaust Emission
Purposes of Developing the After-Market-Diesel Additive
(Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”)
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Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

5. What Can Be Done?
How To Do It?
Where?
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Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

6. Understanding the Combustion Mechanism inside
the Diesel Internal Combustion Engine
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“How It Works”
Addition of “Diesel Additive” into diesel, with ratio of 1 : 1000

8. “How It Works”
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Reference:
1. Ivanov V.M., and Nefedov P.I., NASA Technical Transit, TIF-258, 1965
2. C.-Y. Lin and K.-H. Wang, Effects of a Combustion Improver on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics when
Using Three-Phase Emulsions as an Alternative Fuel, Energy & Fuels, vol.18, pp. 477–484, 2004.

9. “How It Works”
Micro-Explosions Occur Inside the Atomized Diesel Droplet
• Forms " Nano-Grade" particle (10-100nm) in the diesel fuel
• Above 250oC, superheating causes Micro-Explosion (Secondary Atomization)
• Further fragmentation into finer fragments
• Diesel is, then, burned more effectively.
Benefits:
• Ensure Complete Combustion inside the Combustion Chamber
• Lowering Combustion Chamber Temperature, reducing NOx
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Courtesy: fueliachemicals.comConventional Diesel Combustion Plume

10. “Where”
• Research & Development
• Production
• Marketing
• Maintenance, Service & Monitoring Activities
Taking place in Hong Kong
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11. Case Sharing
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One of the sub-contractors (at H.I.T.) participated in our Diesel Additive Program, 7 trucks were
deployed to monitor their CO emission. Of which, one vehicle (#86) used 油霸TM Masterbatch
brand and another (#38) used a different brand, the other 5 vehicles did not use any additive, as
control references.
Hong Kong
Remark:
1. The value of “ ? ” indicates the relative diesel consumption rate. Lesser the figure means better fuel
efficiency.
2. Determination of CO, using Summit-708 Flue Gas Analyzer, was reference to ASTM D6522 (Standard Test
Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, & Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions
from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, & Process Heaters Using
Portable Analyzers).

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Hong Kong
A Hong Kong based Construction Firm participated in our Diesel Additive Program. A diesel Gen. Set was used to
assess the 2 correlation tests, i.e. (1). with “diesel fuel” as control; (2). test was conducted similar to (1), but with
added “Diesel Additive” in diesel with ratio of 1:1000. Resultant data were as below:

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In Southern China region, the recorded diesel efficiency were
measured at between 14 – 18%
Coach currently using our
“Diesel Additive”
Company’s Registration Plate Driver’s ID
Coaches’ diesel consumptions were usually measured at
between 220 to 223 liters per trip.
For coaches, which using Diesel Additive,
their diesel consumption were found to be
in the range of 180 to 188 liters per trip.
Guangdong

14. Ad-Hoc Issues
The HKSAR’s Chief Executive, Mr. C.Y. Leung stated his 2015 Policy Address on
“Air Quality”:
• Ocean-going vessels at berth in HK to switch to low-sulphur diesel
• Set up low emission zones in Causeway Bay, Central & Mong Kok at the end
of 2015
• Franchised bus companies can only deploy low-emission buses
• Working with Guangdong authorities, requiring ocean-going vessels in
Pearl River Delta to switch to cleaner fuel
• Non-road Mobile Machinery, i.e. generators & excavators to comply with
statutory emission standards (EU Stage IIIA), tentative effective date would
be, 1 April 2015
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15. The content of this part of the Presentation was
compiled and edited by, Dr. David Wai Yin Leung of
Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd., for the purpose of
this section titled『 Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel” 』
at 6:30pm, on 29th January 2015.
Please contact David Leung, for further details:
davidleung@stfinechem.com
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Thank You
Let’s join hands to reduce Carbon Footprint
& builds a better future for our children…