Plaque may be colourless, but it constantly forms on teeth and causes tooth decay and gum diseases if not removed. It contains millions of bacteria and produces acids that wear away the enamel that teeth usually have.

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Harley Street Dental Clinic
139 Harley Street, London W1G 6BG
020 7486 1059
More than Just a
Coating: The Problem
with Plaque

2. More than Just a Coating: The Problem with Plaque
Whilst plaque is colourless and difficult to see, it constantly forms on teeth. A soft,
sticky film that contains millions of bacteria, plaque can cause tooth decay and gum
disease if not removed. The bacteria in plaque use the sugars in food to produce acids
that wear away the enamel. Repeated acid attacks may cause the protective layer to
break down and result in a cavity or a hole in the tooth surface.
Stain the Plaque
It is easier to see plaque if it is stained, usually done by using plaque disclosing
tablets or a cotton swab to smear food colouring on the teeth. The colour left on the teeth
will show where plaque is present to remove it effectively. It is best to stain and examine
teeth regularly to make sure that the plaque is completely removed. It is also advisable
to ask a dentist for plaque removal techniques.

3. The Start of Periodontitis
Untreated and unchecked dental plaque causes gingivitis that can also lead to
periodontitis. In this stage, bacteria stick to the gum line and infection forms between
the pockets surrounding the teeth. Persistent swollen and bleeding gums are likely to
occur, as well as receding gums. With periodontitis, it is also possible that the tooth will
become loose.
Other Diseases
Plaque does not just affect teeth and gums. Studies suggest that the bacteria and
plaque in the mouth are linked to other problems such as heart attack, diabetes,
rheumatoid arthritis and dementia. Experts cannot fully explain the link between plaque
and such diseases, but they believe that the bacteria in the mouth can escape into the
bloodstream and affect the organs.

4. Food residue, particularly sweets, give nutrients for the bacteria that cause tooth
decay and gum disease. This is why it is important to clean the teeth. It is also best to
visit a dentist, especially for those who experience signs of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Resources:
http://www.harleystreetdentalclinic.co.uk/
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gum-disease/pages/introduction.aspx
http://patient.info/health/dental-plaque-and-gum-disease