1. -TopicEthics, the Environment,
and Conflicting Priorities/ Planning Goals
(Justice, Conflict, and the Right to the City)
2nd Presentation
By :
Desy Rosnita Sari
P28017016

2. ARTICLES :
The City of theory
-- Sir Peter Geoffrey Hall -Published in : Cities of Tomorrow 3rd edition 2001
The City Reader- 4rt edition
Keywords : paradigm shift, planning profession, roles of planner
Planning in the face of conflict
-- John F. Forester -Published in : Journal of the American Planning association (1987)
The City Reader- 4rt edition
Keywords : mediator, negotiator, planner’s strategic, planner's roles
Contested Cities: Social Process and Spatial Form
-- David Harvey -Published in : Transforming Cities. 1997
The City Reader- 4rt edition
Keywords : social process, ecological process, urbanizing

3. REASONS for 3 chosen articles :
To understand the history of planning education and
profession, and the shift of its paradigm, yet affected to
planning profession / roles of planner, associate to ethics
in planning profession.

4. Presentation Outline
1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
2. Uncertain and Great Imbalance of Power in Planning Process
3. Cities as a process

5. 1/15
1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
The City of Theory
’Cities of Tomorrow’: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning
and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford, Blackwell
Publishing, 1988
Graduate from St Catharine's, Cambridge
English Town Planner, Geographer
The Bartlett Professor of Planning & Regeneration at
The Bartlett, University College London
Sir Peter Geoffrey Hall
BOOKS (analysis of the physical, social and economic problems of modern cities)
The polycentric metropolis, Sociable cities, The carrier wave, Innovative and sustainable cities, The world cities,
The industries of London since 1861, The Bay Area in the twenty-first century, London 2000, Better use of rail
ways, Growth centres in the European urban system, The theory and practice of regional planning, Cities in
Civilization, Great planning disasters, Urban future 21, Time Series Fuzzy Analysis and Miscellaneous Topics, Law
and population growth in Singapore, Public land ownership, Labour's new frontiers, Can rail save the city?, Les
Villes mondiales,

6. 1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
2/15
W
hat is The Planning messy process means?
**Paradigm shift in Planning education (and profession)
The City of theory
Evolution of City Planning in the USA and Europe
Planning broken into 3 aspects
• Design excellence
• Mathematical modeling
• Practical application (including
community / social)
Planner profession engagement

7. 1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
USA Europe
3/15
Planning Department. 1909
University College London
1914
1930’s
1909
1929 UP Dept
Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie
There were 7 by the 1930’s Europe
By the 1950’s
*Civil engineering analytics (land-use)
*Data analysis and modeling
* Economics, location and human
geography analyst
T.J. Kent, Jr.
City and Regional Planning
*City planning commissions

8. 1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
4/15
*Economist, transportation,
geographer
* industrial economics, location
and human geography analyst
*Architecture,
engineer
Based on
design / Drafter
1950’s
Data analysis
and modeling
Top-down
Cold war year
1960’s
Bottom-up
*capital profitable
*Government coordination
Marxist urbanism
Comprehensive Plan
1970’s
Drafter
Advocate-planner
*make plans, develop codes to
enforce plans, enforce codes
*Land-use – City planning
commission
*Social issues
*Decisions were made by
multiple groups
*Button-up plan
*Democratic plan
1980’s
Postmodernists
*Decentralization
*Pubic participation
*Culturally determined

9. 5/15
1. Planning Then and Now, an Ongoing Messy Process
http://hiddencityphila.org/2013/
08/as-the-zoning-code-turnsone-a-reminder-that-planning-ispolitical/
Hall’s evolution of planning profession:
• 1955’s, typical planner as drafter, produced a diagram of desired land uses
• 1965’s, computer output of traffic patterns analyst
• 1975’s, involved into community groups to against hostile forces relate to plans
(1970’s, Marxist urbanism, planning under government coordination to prevent
conflict of planning goals)
• 1980’s, decentralized plan under democratic system

10. 6/15
2. Uncertain and Great Imbalance of Power in Planning Process
Planning in the face of conflict
Journal of the American Planning association (1987)
Graduate from University of California, Berkeley
**City Planning
English Town Planner, Urbanist, Geographer
Professor and Director of Graduate Studies Department of City and Regional Planning
Cornell University.
John F. Forester
BOOKS (emphasis on participatory planning)
Critical Theory and Public Life (1987), Planning in the Face of Power (1989), The Deliberative Practitioner (1999), Dealing
with Differences: Dramas of Mediating Public Disputes (2009).

11. 7/15
2. Uncertain and Great Imbalance of Power in Planning Process
Under Democracies Planning : Conflicts can be
generated from multiple interests of the
competing groups in the arena with imbalance
power of actors
Planner
(mediator, negotiator, role
enforcer, resource people, shuttle
diplomat)
W
hat skills are called for?

12. 8/15
2. Uncertain and Great Imbalance of Power in Planning Process
Forester’s 6 mediated-negotiation strategies :
1. The facts! The rules! (the planner as regulator)
2. Pre-mediate and negotiate: Representing concerns
3. Let them meet: The planner as a resource. . .
4. Perform shuttle diplomacy: Probe and advise both sides
5. Active and interested mediation-thriving as a non-neutral
6. Split the job: You mediate, I’ll negotiate

13. 9/15
2. Uncertain and Great Imbalance of Power in Planning Process
Forester’s 6 strategies as planner’s exercise
practical judgment (politically and ethically)
• Emotional complexity
• Administrative implications for
planning organizations
Roles of Planning Profession

14. 10/15
3. Cities as a process
Contested Cities: Social Process and Spatial Form
Journal of the American Planning association (1987)
Graduate from University of Cambridge
**Geography,.
Geography, social theory, political economy,
environment justice, globalization
Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and
Geography
At Geographic & environment engineering
Johns Hopkins University
BOOKS (spatial science and positivist theory, Marxist geography )
David Harvey
Explanation in Geography (1969), Social Justice and the City (1973), The Limits to Capital (1982), The Urbanization of Capital (1985),
Consciousness and the Urban Experience (1985), The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (1989),
The Urban Experience (1989), Spaces of Hope (2000), Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography (2001), The New Imperialism (2003),
A Brief History of Neoliberalism (2005), Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development (2006), The
Limits to Capital New Edition (2006), The Communist Manifesto- New Introduction Pluto Press (2008), Cosmopolitanism and the
Geographies of Freedom (2009), Social Justice and the City: Revised Edition (2009), A Companion to Marx's Capital (2010),

15. 11/15
3. Cities as a process
Cities are sites of conflicts
(Intern of processes rather than just things)
City is “series of layers / process” of different historical
moments that superimposed upon each other

16. 12/15
3. Cities as a process
P
rocess are both shaped by time and place and shapes time and place
(David Harvey 1997)
Harvey’s 3 different ways to understand space and time
1. Time and space are absolute, and serve as containers for social
processes (Descartes and Kant)
2. Time and space are relative (Einstein’s relativity)
3. Time and pace are relational. (when the process produces certain
things at a certain place and time, and then those things play a role
in influencing subsequent processes.

17. 13/15
3. Cities as a process
• We should focus on processes rather than things/design and we
should think of things/design as products of processes WHEN
we want to understand what city is about (past/present / future)
• City forms and structures reflect the social process in particular
times and places of the city that resulted an urban environment

18. 14/15
The Planning messy process in
order to meet “new” Paradigm
+
+
City as Ongoing Process
Conflict need to be managed
lost
Planner
“claim to any unique and useful expertise,”
and as the profession was spread over such a vast landscape of
fields,
Could it be lost its meaning?

19. 15/15
Conclusion
Paradigm shift
Sustainable profession
Profession consideration
City is a process
• Michael Frisch (queer spaces
for creative class)
• John Forester (participation)

20. XIE XIE NI
Thank You
Terima kasih