1. Encouraging “Difability” thinking
in Community Based Rehabilitation
Addressing poverty and social exclusion
Photo: CBRDTC Solo
Suharto, PhD Student,
Dr Patricia Dorsett, Senior Lecturer
Dr Pim Kuipers, Principal Research Fellow
School of Human Services and Social Work,
Griffith University QLD

2. My Terminology: Difability
• Different ability
• Acknowledging the existence of abilities
• People with difabilities (PWDs)

3. Institutional-based Rehabilitation
• Expensive in sophisticated equipment and
facilities.
• High cost for operational and professional
training.
• Usually city based.
• Often not acceptable to people with difabilities,
families & communities. (Finkenflügel, 1991; Lightfoot, 2004; Lysack &
Photo: CBR Guideline 2010
Kaufert, 1994; Malafatopoulos, 1986; Marincek, 1988)

4. Community Based Rehabilitation
• Encourages community participation and
utilisation of community resources.
• For more accessible basic rehabilitation
provision at the lower cost.
• Broadening rehabilitation coverage for
PWDs.
(Lightfoot, 2004)

5. Three layers of the CBR
model

6. New CBR Definition
(ILO, UNESCO, & WHO, 2004 Joint Position Paper, p. 2)
• strategy within
community
development for:
• rehabilitation,
• equalization of
opportunities,
• social inclusion
• all PWDs
Key
stakeholders
in society

7. 5 Components of CBR
IDDC (2012, p. 9); (WHO et al., 2010)

8. CBR model continuing to evolve:
Community Based Inclusive Development (CBID)
(IDDC, 2012)
C
B
I
D

9. Example of change in CBR:
CBRDTC Solo practices
• Policy advocacy in 7 districts of Central Java, Indonesia.
• Encourages local governments to make policy and budgeting allow
PWDs to enjoy equality.
• Change from an exclusive, single, practical issue to inclusive, crosscutting, strategic issues.
• Goal: inclusive development that benefits all, accommodates
difability rights, and provides space for PWDs participation.
(Sukamto, 2013)

10. CBRDTC Solo: Addressing poverty by
mainstreaming difability rights
• Self Help Groups: knowing problems and needs
at grassroots level, self-advocacy, income
gathering.
• Difability Advocacy Teams: advocating
government & employers, facilitating vocational
& entrepreneurship programs, awareness
raising.
(Sukamto, 2013)

11. elfadv
oca
cy
● B (direc
ene tly
fite voic
d fr
i
om ng asp
dev irat
i
e lo
pm on)
e nt
n
visi
●S
d
●A
i on
irat on
asp rmati
Ds
o
PW g inf
ting rin
d i a at h e
G
me
ng/ ing ●
itti
sm m ak
ran on● T decisi
for
SHG-DAT Interactions for PWDs
Poverty Eradication
g
● Partnership/collaboration in advocacy
● Advisory for building capacities

12. Conclusion
Photo: CBRDTC Solo
●INCLUSIVE
SOCIETY?
●REDUCED
POVERTY?

13. References
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Finkenflügel, H. (1991). Help for the disabled-in hospital and at home. Paper presented at the World health forum.
IDDC. (2012). CBR Guidelines as a Tool for Community Based Inclusive Development. Brussels, Belgium:
International Disability and Development Consortium (IDDC).
ILO, UNESCO, & WHO. (2004). CBR: A strategy for rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, poverty reduction
and social inclusion of people with disabilities: Joint position paper. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Lightfoot, E. (2004). Community-based rehabilitation: A rapidly growing method for supporting people with
disabilities. International Social Work, 47(4), 455-468. doi: 10.1177/0020872804046253
Lysack, C., & Kaufert, J. (1994). Comparing the origins and ideologies of the independent living movement and
community based rehabilitation. International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift für
Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de réadaptation, 17(3), 231-240. doi:
10.1097/00004356-199409000-00004
Malafatopoulos, S. (1986). Rehabilitation in the Third World. Paper presented at the UCP International Conference
on The Changing Rehabilitation World, New York.
Marincek, C. (1988). Community-based rehabilitation-the challenge and opportunity. Disability & Rehabilitation,
10(2), 87-88.
Sukamto, S. (2013). Rumusan Hasil FGD tentang Advokasi Mainstreaming Hak-Hak Difabel di 7 Kabupaten/Kota di
Solo Raya dan Grobogan. Surakarta: PPRBM Solo.
WHO, UNESCO, ILO, & IDDC. (2010). Community Based Rehabilitation: CBR Guidelines. Geneva: world Health
Organization (WHO).

14. Thank you