2. Communication for development is the use of communication
processes, techniques and media to help people toward a full
awareness of their situation and their options for change, to resolve
conflicts, to work towards consensus, to help people plan actions for
change and sustainable development, to help people acquire the
knowledge and skills they need to improve their condition and that
of society, and to improve the effectiveness of institutions (Fraser &
Restrepo-Estrada, 1998: 63)
C4D encompasses all forms and modes of communication,
including community radio and entertainment-education
programmes focused on social change and development,
community-based information and communication technology (ICT)
initiatives, processes such as community dialogue, participatory
video, and digital story-telling activities, and the use of various
combinations of new and traditional media in support of
development activities. However, C4D is essentially about people
rather than technologies, and is both a field of knowledge and of
practice (Waisbord, 2008; Wilkins, 2000).

3. Participatory approaches, participatory
communication and communication for
development (C4D) are terms increasingly
used in community development work.
Getting communities involved in the
development process and create
mechanisms that are context-effective,
culturally-sensitive and sustainable is a
challenged faced by all development
practitioners.

4. It has led to the emergence of horizontal
communication models that are
decentralised, focused on the receiver
instead of the sender, reflect the cultural
identity of communities, and use
alternative production methods.
 Some of these ideas were influenced by
the Paulo Freire‟s pedagogy of dialogic
communication.


6. What does the term „participation‟
mean to you?
 What are some of its challenges in the
community context?
 How do you understand C4D?
 How do you think it is (or can be)
integrated in your own work or in
development work in general?
[You may use flow charts or other diagrams
to visualise your ideas]


7.  They are people-centred – People who are
affected by the issue are also in control of
message design
 Dialogic communication – They adopt a two way
communication flow
 Process-oriented – The process is as important as
the end product
 Contextualised in a local setting – Their
production is based on local knowledge

8. A PV production is one
„[…] in which a communicator and a
community engage in video production.
That is, the whole process of producing a
video message (planning, script writing,
shooting, viewing, editing, and showing) is
shared by both, the
“communication expert”
and
the community‟
(Rodriguez, 1994:150)

9. This method sees the use of photography as a
form of consultation. From the images they have
taken, members of local communities can show
their perspectives, develop narratives, and
engage in a collaborative discussion that
identifies issues that affect them. It is often used
in the context of marginalised and
disadvantaged groups, for whom the camera
becomes a tool to capture their lives and the
world the way they see it. This allows people to
share experiences but also to generate
knowledge and understanding around the
problems they are facing, participating in a
debate around their solutions.

10. Using Participatory Video in Sierra Leone
(a project from CAFOD and PV facilitators
from InsightShare)
2. Participatory Video from Climate Change
in Fiji
(faciliated by Usha Harris and Martha
Mollison)
3. Participatory Photography with children
living in refugee camps in Namibia and
Yemen
(a project from UNHCR faciliated by
photographer Brendan Bannon)
1.

11. 
Shot type

Composition


Light
Storyboarding

12. Storyboard a 30 sec picture (only)
sequence on the topic of sustainability.
Shoot the story using in camera editing
Employ correct camera operation
including camera movements and angles
 Take two photographs of what
sustainability means in your life. Be
prepared to present a story around them
Use different types of shots and keep an
eye on the composition
 Presentation of outputs


13. 
In what contexts do you think these type
of projects are most needed?

How would you apply this media
production process to your own work in
community development?

What difficulties or obstacles could you
encounter?