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Diabetes Type 2
What is Diabetes Type 2
•   Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of all people with
    diabetes. While it usually affects older adults, more and younger people, even
    children, are getting type 2 diabetes.
•   In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes some insulin but it is not produced in the
    amount your body needs and it does not work effectively.
•   Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental
    factors. Although there is a strong genetic predisposition, the risk is greatly
    increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as high blood
    pressure, overweight or obesity, insufficient physical activity, poor diet and the
    classic ‘apple shape’ body where extra weight is carried around the waist.
•   Type 2 diabetes can often initially be managed with healthy eating and regular
    physical activity. However, over time most people with type 2 diabetes will also
    need tablets and many will also need insulin. It is important to note that this is
    just the natural progression of the disease, and taking tablets or insulin as soon
    as they are required can result in fewer complications in the long-term.
•   However, there is currently no cure for type 2 diabetes.
Cause of Type 2 Diabetes
• While there is no single cause of type 2 diabetes, there are well-
  established risk factors. Some of these can be changed and some cannot.
• You are at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes if you:
 have a family history of diabetes
 are older (over 55 years of age ) - the risk increases as we age
 are over 45 years of age and are overweight
 are over 45 years of age and have high blood pressure
 are over 35 years of age and are from an Aboriginal or Torres Strait
  Islander background
 are over 35 years of age and are from Pacific Island, Indian subcontinent or
  Chinese cultural background
 are a woman who has given birth to a child over 4.5 kgs, or had gestational
  diabetes when pregnant, or had a condition known as Polycystic Ovarian
  Syndrome.
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
•   In type 2 diabetes, many people have no symptoms at all, while other signs are
    dismissed as a part of ‘getting older’. By the time type 2 diabetes is
    diagnosed, the complications of diabetes may already be present. Symptoms
    include:
   Being excessively thirsty
   Passing more urine
   Feeling tired and lethargic
   Always feeling hungry
   Having cuts that heal slowly
   Itching, skin infections
   Blurred vision
   Gradually putting on weight
   Mood swings
   Headaches
   Feeling dizzy
   Leg cramps
Preventing Type 2 Managing Type 2
    Diabetes      Diabetes
• It is estimated that up to 60%   • While there is currently no
  of type 2 diabetes can be          cure for type 2
  prevented. People at risk of       diabetes, the disease can
  type 2 diabetes can delay and      be managed through
  even prevent this disease by
  following a healthy lifestyle.     lifestyle modifications and
  This includes:                     medication
 Maintaining a healthy weight
 Regular physical activity
 Making healthy food choices
 Managing blood pressure
 Managing cholesterol levels
 Not smoking
Identify Examples
• Diabetes Act! On; This is a campaign pamphlet for health
  professionals informing them how to take measurements of their
  patient’s weight and find out whether they are at a risk of
  developing diabetes.
• http://www.healthpromotion.com.au/Documents/CIM/Diabetes_
  Australia_waist_circumference.pdf
• Australian Diabetes Council; This site helps Australians understand
  the causes of diabetes, and how to be more aware of the risk
  factors involved. For example, there are interactive components
  to this website such as a quiz taken to determine what risk
  someone is at, a member’s area to update online profile as well as
  contributing to this cause to make a difference to others.
• http://www.australiandiabetescouncil.com/
Identify Examples (Continued)
• Swap It, Don’t Stop It; Swap It is a national campaign running
  across TV, Print, Online and Radio. The campaign is focused on
  promoting the simple, everyday changes you can make to have a
  healthier and more active lifestyle.
• http://swapit.gov.au/
• Diabetes Australia; Diabetes Australia is the national peak body
  for diabetes in Australia providing a single, powerful, collective
  voice for people living with diabetes, their families and carers. A
  non-profit organisation, Diabetes Australia works in partnership
  with diabetes consumer organisations, health
  professionals, educators and researchers to minimise the impact
  of diabetes in the Australian community. Diabetes Australia is
  committed to turning diabetes around through
  awareness, prevention, detection, management and the search
  for a cure.
Identify Examples (Continued)
• National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS); The National
  Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) is an initiative of the
  Australian Government administered by Diabetes
  Australia. Through the administration of the
  NDSS, Diabetes Australia provides practical
  assistance, information and subsidised products to nearly
  1,000,000 Australians diagnosed with diabetes.
  http://www.ndss.com.au/
• Measure Up; Measure Up is campaign which provides easy
  to follow tips and guidelines to help individuals decrease
  risk of chronic disease including diabetes type 2 by
  reducing their waist measurement.
  http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abhi/publishing.n
  sf/content/home
By Sally Yang, Lisa
                     Yang & Julia Yan




“Swap It, Don’t Stop It”
      Campaign
Background Info
• The Measure Up campaign has effectively worked to
  raise Australians’ awareness in the link between an
  increased waistline and chronic disease such as
  diabetes type 2 and other chronic diseases, which was
  launched as a part of the Australian Better Health
  Initiative, which is a national program supported by all
  states and territory governments.
• From the data collected by research, it has shown that
  the Measure Up campaign, with its simple but effective
  waist measurement message, has achieved high
  recognition and thus, many Australians now
  understand why waist circumference is important.
Health Promotion Strategy
• This campaign is aimed to promote healthier eating and
  exercising habits which aims to prevent or delay the onset
  of chronic diseases (i.e. diabetes type 2).
• It aims to make simple changes to the lives of Australians
  that have become unhealthy over the years and get onto a
  healthier lifestyle by eating more healthily and being more
  active by simply ‘swapping the things you love’.
• The Swap It, Don’t Stop It campaign is to effectively show
  Australians how they can do something about their
  increased waistline. It builds on the awareness created by
  the first phase of the Measure Up campaign and works by
  showing people how they can make small lifestyle changes
  to improve their health and lifestyle and at the same
  time, reduce their waistline.
Health Promotion Strategy
• It aims to continue to build consumers’ self-efficacy by
  conveying simple but personally relevant messages in
  easy steps that everyone can follow in an aim to
  improve their health and wellbeing.
• Rather than employing the words like ‘going on a diet’
  and being restrictive in the foods you can eat and
  cannot eat, the campaign encourages Australians to
  ‘start thinking like a swapper’. It provides a basic, easy-
  to-follow framework for change in lifestyle eating
  habits, enabling Australians to identify all the swaps
  they can make in their everyday life by increasing
  movement, improving nutrition, thus starting to lose
  centimetres from around their waist.
Campaign’s Message
• Healthy eating and getting active can help you lose centimetres and
  prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes type 2
• The accumulation of small everyday changes can help to get you on
  your way to a healthier lifestyle; without losing all the things you love
  doing
• You don’t have to stop it, just swap it
• Change is easier than you think
• Small changes can make a big difference
• Small changes add up
• You just have to sway some things around
• You don’t have to give up everything you love doing
Campaign’s Message
Supporting these messages is a suite of simple, achievable swaps to inspire Australians
to take action. For example:
Swap big for small        Swap often for         Swap sitting for         Swap watching for
                          sometimes              moving                   playing

-   Don’t overcrowd       -   Swap fried food    -   Walk and deliver     -   Don’t just watch
    your plate                for fresh              a message rather         sport – get out
-   Think twice           -   Swap fizzy drink       than email               and get active
    before going back         for water          -   Swap the lift or
                                                                          -   Get outdoors
    for seconds           -   Swap take away         escalator for the
-   Eat slowly to give        for home made          stairs                   with the family
    your stomach          -   Eat less           -   Swap the car for     -   Swap a family
    time to signal it’s       ‘sometimes’            the bike                 movie for bowling
    full                      foods              -   Get off the bus      -   Swap an ad-break
-   Share a dessert                                  one stop earlier         smack for an ad-
                                                     and walk the rest
                                                                              break wander
                                                     of the way
                                                 -   Meet friends for a
                                                     walk, instead of
                                                     coffee and cake
How is it Communicated?
• The Government has provided several
  ways to communicate this health
  promotion to our community. On the
  website of ‘Swap It, Don’t Stop It’, there
  are established interactive features in
  order for us to be more involved with this
  theory and also many useful tips and
  suggestions available. Some features
  include signing up for news articles and an
  online 12 week planner to balance our
  lifestyle. There are also regular campaigns
  featured on the TV and on radio, which
  has helped this campaign gain many more
  recognition and interest as a lot of
  Australians are aware of these particular
  types of media.
How is it Communicated?
• Also, due to the fact that Eric, the blue balloon
  personality, represents the majority of the Australia
  population, he and his family have a likeable down-to-earth
  personality thus making the campaign more accessible to the
  average Australian. The simplicity of the campaign is also
  appreciated by the Australian audience, making this ‘Swap
  It, Don’t Stop It’ more effective. It is also been seen as easy to
  understand and being both credible and achievable, providing a
  sense of personal empowerment for Australians at risk.
• Other successful communication procedures include the
  organisation of a ‘Final Round’ which is available information
  sessions for the community and also merchandises such as
  Frisbees and other products on sale to promote an active and
  healthy lifestyle.
Target Audience
• While the campaign’s
  message resonates to
  all Australians, the
  primary target
  audiences are:
 Men and women aged
  between 25-50 years
  who have children
 All men and women
  aged between 45-65
  years
Evaluation
• This particular promotion strategy is warning Australians to
  be more cautious about diabetes and other chronic
  illnesses on the rise. This is due to the average Australians
  developing habit of unhealthy lifestyle. The campaign has
  been well-received throughout Australia and thus, has been
  very effective as a marketing strategy. Through the
  effectiveness of the Phase One campaign, which have been
  successful in explaining why Australians need to keep their
  waist measurement in check. This campaign’s strategy
  follows up, and is also does an extremely successful job at
  getting Australians to be aware of their waist
  measurement, their weight, eating and healthy lifestyle
  habits.
Evaluation
• This is done by featuring regular campaigns on TV and
  radio, selling merchandises to promote an active
  lifestyle and having an interactive website that links to
  other similar campaigns done by the government, thus
  piquing people’s interest and getting them involved
  throughout all forms of media available. The strategy
  has also been promoted in around areas in bus
  stops, on buses, in train stations, on newspaper and
  pamphlets in order to raise awareness and encourage
  Australians to ditch their unhealthy lifestyles and opt
  for the healthier version in a very clear, articulate way
Suggestions
• However, as effective as this campaign being, it is also
  noted that few changes could be made to improve this
  health promotion strategy, Swap It, Don’t Stop It. For
  example, by organising more events encouraging people to
  go outdoors and exercise or taking part in endorsing
  marathons or triathlons would have been more effective in
  putting the words of ‘Swap It, Don’t Stop It’ into action. This
  would have helped the campaign further along by putting
  the words into perspective and actually starting to take
  action about it. The campaign also could have been used
  more effectively by the government by placing posters with
  its now famous catchphrase at more bus stops, inside
  buses, on the ad boards and on newspapers etc.
Suggestions
• This would have been
  beneficial to people who could
  be unaware of the campaign
  as they do not watch TV.
  Handing out leaflets or
  brochures around, especially
  at congested places (i.e. Town
  Centres) may help spread the
  message further.
• The campaign could also have
  organised healthy eating habit
  events, get active programmes
  and merchandises to add
  improvements to the health
  promotion strategy.
Bibliography
•   http://swapit.gov.au/downloads/card-gp-
    detailing.pdf (accessed 04/05/12)
•   http://swapit.gov.au/downloads/campaign-
    fact-sheet.pdf (accessed 04/05/12)
•   http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Under
    standing-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes/
    (accessed 08/05/2012)
•   http://www.diabetesnsw.com.au/ (accessed
    08/05/2012)
•   http://www.diabeteswa.com.au/ (accessed
    08/05/2012)
•   http://www.diabetesvic.org.au/ (accessed
    08/05/2012)
•   http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abh
    i/publishing.nsf/content/home (accessed
    08/05/2012)
•   http://swapit.gov.au/ (accessed 08/05/2012)

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Diabetes type 2

  • 2. What is Diabetes Type 2 • Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of all people with diabetes. While it usually affects older adults, more and younger people, even children, are getting type 2 diabetes. • In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes some insulin but it is not produced in the amount your body needs and it does not work effectively. • Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although there is a strong genetic predisposition, the risk is greatly increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, insufficient physical activity, poor diet and the classic ‘apple shape’ body where extra weight is carried around the waist. • Type 2 diabetes can often initially be managed with healthy eating and regular physical activity. However, over time most people with type 2 diabetes will also need tablets and many will also need insulin. It is important to note that this is just the natural progression of the disease, and taking tablets or insulin as soon as they are required can result in fewer complications in the long-term. • However, there is currently no cure for type 2 diabetes.
  • 3. Cause of Type 2 Diabetes • While there is no single cause of type 2 diabetes, there are well- established risk factors. Some of these can be changed and some cannot. • You are at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes if you:  have a family history of diabetes  are older (over 55 years of age ) - the risk increases as we age  are over 45 years of age and are overweight  are over 45 years of age and have high blood pressure  are over 35 years of age and are from an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background  are over 35 years of age and are from Pacific Island, Indian subcontinent or Chinese cultural background  are a woman who has given birth to a child over 4.5 kgs, or had gestational diabetes when pregnant, or had a condition known as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
  • 4. Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes • In type 2 diabetes, many people have no symptoms at all, while other signs are dismissed as a part of ‘getting older’. By the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, the complications of diabetes may already be present. Symptoms include:  Being excessively thirsty  Passing more urine  Feeling tired and lethargic  Always feeling hungry  Having cuts that heal slowly  Itching, skin infections  Blurred vision  Gradually putting on weight  Mood swings  Headaches  Feeling dizzy  Leg cramps
  • 5. Preventing Type 2 Managing Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes • It is estimated that up to 60% • While there is currently no of type 2 diabetes can be cure for type 2 prevented. People at risk of diabetes, the disease can type 2 diabetes can delay and be managed through even prevent this disease by following a healthy lifestyle. lifestyle modifications and This includes: medication  Maintaining a healthy weight  Regular physical activity  Making healthy food choices  Managing blood pressure  Managing cholesterol levels  Not smoking
  • 6. Identify Examples • Diabetes Act! On; This is a campaign pamphlet for health professionals informing them how to take measurements of their patient’s weight and find out whether they are at a risk of developing diabetes. • http://www.healthpromotion.com.au/Documents/CIM/Diabetes_ Australia_waist_circumference.pdf • Australian Diabetes Council; This site helps Australians understand the causes of diabetes, and how to be more aware of the risk factors involved. For example, there are interactive components to this website such as a quiz taken to determine what risk someone is at, a member’s area to update online profile as well as contributing to this cause to make a difference to others. • http://www.australiandiabetescouncil.com/
  • 7. Identify Examples (Continued) • Swap It, Don’t Stop It; Swap It is a national campaign running across TV, Print, Online and Radio. The campaign is focused on promoting the simple, everyday changes you can make to have a healthier and more active lifestyle. • http://swapit.gov.au/ • Diabetes Australia; Diabetes Australia is the national peak body for diabetes in Australia providing a single, powerful, collective voice for people living with diabetes, their families and carers. A non-profit organisation, Diabetes Australia works in partnership with diabetes consumer organisations, health professionals, educators and researchers to minimise the impact of diabetes in the Australian community. Diabetes Australia is committed to turning diabetes around through awareness, prevention, detection, management and the search for a cure.
  • 8. Identify Examples (Continued) • National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS); The National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) is an initiative of the Australian Government administered by Diabetes Australia. Through the administration of the NDSS, Diabetes Australia provides practical assistance, information and subsidised products to nearly 1,000,000 Australians diagnosed with diabetes. http://www.ndss.com.au/ • Measure Up; Measure Up is campaign which provides easy to follow tips and guidelines to help individuals decrease risk of chronic disease including diabetes type 2 by reducing their waist measurement. http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abhi/publishing.n sf/content/home
  • 9. By Sally Yang, Lisa Yang & Julia Yan “Swap It, Don’t Stop It” Campaign
  • 10. Background Info • The Measure Up campaign has effectively worked to raise Australians’ awareness in the link between an increased waistline and chronic disease such as diabetes type 2 and other chronic diseases, which was launched as a part of the Australian Better Health Initiative, which is a national program supported by all states and territory governments. • From the data collected by research, it has shown that the Measure Up campaign, with its simple but effective waist measurement message, has achieved high recognition and thus, many Australians now understand why waist circumference is important.
  • 11. Health Promotion Strategy • This campaign is aimed to promote healthier eating and exercising habits which aims to prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases (i.e. diabetes type 2). • It aims to make simple changes to the lives of Australians that have become unhealthy over the years and get onto a healthier lifestyle by eating more healthily and being more active by simply ‘swapping the things you love’. • The Swap It, Don’t Stop It campaign is to effectively show Australians how they can do something about their increased waistline. It builds on the awareness created by the first phase of the Measure Up campaign and works by showing people how they can make small lifestyle changes to improve their health and lifestyle and at the same time, reduce their waistline.
  • 12. Health Promotion Strategy • It aims to continue to build consumers’ self-efficacy by conveying simple but personally relevant messages in easy steps that everyone can follow in an aim to improve their health and wellbeing. • Rather than employing the words like ‘going on a diet’ and being restrictive in the foods you can eat and cannot eat, the campaign encourages Australians to ‘start thinking like a swapper’. It provides a basic, easy- to-follow framework for change in lifestyle eating habits, enabling Australians to identify all the swaps they can make in their everyday life by increasing movement, improving nutrition, thus starting to lose centimetres from around their waist.
  • 13. Campaign’s Message • Healthy eating and getting active can help you lose centimetres and prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes type 2 • The accumulation of small everyday changes can help to get you on your way to a healthier lifestyle; without losing all the things you love doing • You don’t have to stop it, just swap it • Change is easier than you think • Small changes can make a big difference • Small changes add up • You just have to sway some things around • You don’t have to give up everything you love doing
  • 14. Campaign’s Message Supporting these messages is a suite of simple, achievable swaps to inspire Australians to take action. For example: Swap big for small Swap often for Swap sitting for Swap watching for sometimes moving playing - Don’t overcrowd - Swap fried food - Walk and deliver - Don’t just watch your plate for fresh a message rather sport – get out - Think twice - Swap fizzy drink than email and get active before going back for water - Swap the lift or - Get outdoors for seconds - Swap take away escalator for the - Eat slowly to give for home made stairs with the family your stomach - Eat less - Swap the car for - Swap a family time to signal it’s ‘sometimes’ the bike movie for bowling full foods - Get off the bus - Swap an ad-break - Share a dessert one stop earlier smack for an ad- and walk the rest break wander of the way - Meet friends for a walk, instead of coffee and cake
  • 15. How is it Communicated? • The Government has provided several ways to communicate this health promotion to our community. On the website of ‘Swap It, Don’t Stop It’, there are established interactive features in order for us to be more involved with this theory and also many useful tips and suggestions available. Some features include signing up for news articles and an online 12 week planner to balance our lifestyle. There are also regular campaigns featured on the TV and on radio, which has helped this campaign gain many more recognition and interest as a lot of Australians are aware of these particular types of media.
  • 16. How is it Communicated? • Also, due to the fact that Eric, the blue balloon personality, represents the majority of the Australia population, he and his family have a likeable down-to-earth personality thus making the campaign more accessible to the average Australian. The simplicity of the campaign is also appreciated by the Australian audience, making this ‘Swap It, Don’t Stop It’ more effective. It is also been seen as easy to understand and being both credible and achievable, providing a sense of personal empowerment for Australians at risk. • Other successful communication procedures include the organisation of a ‘Final Round’ which is available information sessions for the community and also merchandises such as Frisbees and other products on sale to promote an active and healthy lifestyle.
  • 17. Target Audience • While the campaign’s message resonates to all Australians, the primary target audiences are:  Men and women aged between 25-50 years who have children  All men and women aged between 45-65 years
  • 18. Evaluation • This particular promotion strategy is warning Australians to be more cautious about diabetes and other chronic illnesses on the rise. This is due to the average Australians developing habit of unhealthy lifestyle. The campaign has been well-received throughout Australia and thus, has been very effective as a marketing strategy. Through the effectiveness of the Phase One campaign, which have been successful in explaining why Australians need to keep their waist measurement in check. This campaign’s strategy follows up, and is also does an extremely successful job at getting Australians to be aware of their waist measurement, their weight, eating and healthy lifestyle habits.
  • 19. Evaluation • This is done by featuring regular campaigns on TV and radio, selling merchandises to promote an active lifestyle and having an interactive website that links to other similar campaigns done by the government, thus piquing people’s interest and getting them involved throughout all forms of media available. The strategy has also been promoted in around areas in bus stops, on buses, in train stations, on newspaper and pamphlets in order to raise awareness and encourage Australians to ditch their unhealthy lifestyles and opt for the healthier version in a very clear, articulate way
  • 20. Suggestions • However, as effective as this campaign being, it is also noted that few changes could be made to improve this health promotion strategy, Swap It, Don’t Stop It. For example, by organising more events encouraging people to go outdoors and exercise or taking part in endorsing marathons or triathlons would have been more effective in putting the words of ‘Swap It, Don’t Stop It’ into action. This would have helped the campaign further along by putting the words into perspective and actually starting to take action about it. The campaign also could have been used more effectively by the government by placing posters with its now famous catchphrase at more bus stops, inside buses, on the ad boards and on newspapers etc.
  • 21. Suggestions • This would have been beneficial to people who could be unaware of the campaign as they do not watch TV. Handing out leaflets or brochures around, especially at congested places (i.e. Town Centres) may help spread the message further. • The campaign could also have organised healthy eating habit events, get active programmes and merchandises to add improvements to the health promotion strategy.
  • 22. Bibliography • http://swapit.gov.au/downloads/card-gp- detailing.pdf (accessed 04/05/12) • http://swapit.gov.au/downloads/campaign- fact-sheet.pdf (accessed 04/05/12) • http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Under standing-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes/ (accessed 08/05/2012) • http://www.diabetesnsw.com.au/ (accessed 08/05/2012) • http://www.diabeteswa.com.au/ (accessed 08/05/2012) • http://www.diabetesvic.org.au/ (accessed 08/05/2012) • http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abh i/publishing.nsf/content/home (accessed 08/05/2012) • http://swapit.gov.au/ (accessed 08/05/2012)