NEW AND INNOVATIVE FIELD OF SCIENCE

2. By
KHADIJAH ZAMAN
Reg. #:1429-314001
BS BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOLOGY-II
PRESENTEDTO:
DR.NADEEM KHALID

3. 
Contents
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 NANOSCALE
 TIMEFRAME OF NANOBIOTECH
 BIOLOGICAL PORES
 NANOMEDICINE
 NANOPARTICLES AND MATERIALS
 NANO BENEFITS
 NANO SAFETY

4. 
Abstract
• NanoBiotechnology is a division of
nanotechnology which uses (nanoscale) biological
starting materials, and it keeps exciting opportunities
to bring high-impact advances in the field of
bioengineering and medicine.
• Hence it is the combination of two most progressive
fields: Nanotechnology and Biotechnology

5. 
Continued…
• Bionanotechnology offers the ability to provide insight
into the structural features of biological systems such as cell or
tissue as well as to develop nanobiomaterials/ medical units for
diagnostics, therapeutics and tissue regeneration.
• Ongoing work on bionanotechnology includes development of
Nanoprobes that can characterize the nanoscale structure
and function of cells.

6.  Nano – A prefix meaning Dwarf
 Simply meaning One Billionth.
 1 Nano = 1 Billion
 Nanometer: Billionth part of a meter
 Nanosecond: Billionth part of a second
 Idea was presented by Richard Feynmen
 3 important “Nano” terms
 Nanoscale
 Nanoscience
 Nanotechnology
Introduction to NANO…
This is how Nano is
represented
mathematically. Ten
to the negative 9th
equals one billionth
or 1/1,000,000,000.

7.  We can get an idea through
comparison
 The average page is about
100,000 nanometers thick.
 A very fine human hair is
about 10,000 nanometers
wide.
 Width of DNA molecule is
2.5nm and glucose is just
below 1nm in size
How small is Nano?…

8. 
 So what should be the proper range of the
“Nanoscale”??
 1-100 nanometers, The Nanoscale.
 Anything below 100nm is part of the Nanoscale.
The Nanoscale

9. • “Nano” means dwarf in Greek
• Nanocsale : 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m
Water
molecule
Nanodevices
Nanopores
Dendrimers
Nanotubes
Quantum dots
Nanoshells
White
blood cell
Tennis ball

10. 
 Working with materials, devices, and other
structures with at least one dimension lying between
the Nanoscale range.
 It is the understanding and control of matter at
dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers.
Nanotechnology

12. 
Nanobiotechnology
 A rapidly developing area of scientific and
technological opportunity for studying biosystems
using the tools and processes of
micro/nanofabrication.
 Also regarded as the area of study where
nanotechnology has applications in the field of
biology and medical sciences.
 It has become one of the booming and exciting
research fields throughout the globe.

14. 
 Nanopore Technology:
Applications of Nanobiotechnology
a)

15. 
Continued…

16. 

17. 
Nanoparticals and Nanomaterials
 Liposomes
• Liposomes are phospholipid vesicles (50–100 nm)
• They have a bilayer membrane structure similar to that of
biological membranes and an internal aqueous phase
• Liposomes show excellent circulation, penetration and
diffusion properties
 Dendrimers
• These are highly branched synthetic polymers (<15 nm)
• It show layered architectures constituted of a central
core, an internal region and numerous terminal groups
• Wide application in Drug Delivery System (DDS) and
gene delivery
Liposomes
Dendrimers

18. • Carbon nanotubes
• These are formed of coaxial graphite sheets (<100 nm)
rolled up into cylinders
• It exhibit excellent strength and electrical properties and
are efficient heat conductors
• Due to semiconductor nature of nanotubes are used as
biosensors
• Magnetic nanoparticles
• These are spherical nanocrystals of 10–20 nm of size
with a Fe2+ and Fe3+ core surrounded by dextran or
PEG molecules
• Their magnetic properties make them excellent agents
to label biomolecules in bioassays, as well as MRI
contrast agents
• Useful in targeted gene therapy.
Carbon nanotubes
Magnetic
nanoparticles

19.  Quantum dots
• These are colloidal fluorescent semiconductor
nanocrystals (2–10 nm)
• They are resistant to photobleaching and show
exceptional resistance to photo and chemical
degradation
• Quantum dots excellent contrast agents for
imaging and labels for bioassays
 Gold nanoparticles
• These are one type of metallic nanoparticle of
size <50 nm
• These are prepared with different geometries,
such as nanospheres, nanoshells, nanorods or
nanocages
• These are excellent labels for biosensors
Quantum dots
Gold
nanoparticles

20. 
Why Nano?

23. 
Is Nano SAFE?