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The American political system
- 1. The American political system 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 1
- 2. The American political system ● I) Constitution and ● II) The distribution of federalism power ● a) the constitution ● a) The executive ● b) the federalism ● b) The legislative ● c) The judiciary ● III) The electoral process ● a) bipartisanship ● b) Presidential election 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 2
- 3. The constitution The constitution is based on a separation of power between the legislative power, the executive power and the judiciary. 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 3
- 4. The American political system ● I) Constitution and ● II) The distribution of federalism power ● a) the constitution ● a) The executive ● b) the federalism ● b) The legislative ● c) The judiciary ● III) The electoral process ● a) bipartisanship ● b) Presidential election 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 4
- 5. The distribution of powers ● Separation of powers is a doctrine which comes from Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws. This philosophy strongly influenced the writing of the US Constitution 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 5
- 6. The executive branch ● Head of state and head of government of the USA ● Commander-in-chief of the US Army ● Signs legislation into laws ● Veto bills enacted by Congress 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 6
- 7. The legislative branch ● 435 elected members ● 6 non-voting members ● Elected every two years ● 25 years-old ● US citizen for at least 7 years ● Resident of the state they represent The Congress 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 7
- 8. Judiciary branch ● 100 Senators ( for each state) The Supreme Court ● Six-year term elections ● 30 years-old ● US citizen for at least nine years ● Resident of the state they represent ● Vice president = President of the Senate 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 8
- 9. The American political system ● I) Constitution and ● II) The distribution of federalism power ● a) the constitution ● a) The executive ● b) the federalism ● b) The legislative ● c) The judiciary ● III) The electoral process ● a) bipartisanship ● b) Presidential election 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 9
- 10. The bipartisanship ● Democratic party ● Republican party Liberal Conservative 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 10
- 11. The presidential election ● Who can be a candidate ? ● The election by “The electors”. ● Candidates choice. ● The Inauguration Day. ● The Election day. 05/12/2012 Dorian Mouezy 11
Editor's Notes
- III) Repartition of Powers Separation of powers is a doctrine which comes from Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws. It says that the executive, legislative and judicial powers should be assigned to different bodies. Each of the three branches would have defined powers to check the powers of the other branches. This philosophy strongly influenced the writing of the US Constitution according to which the Legislative, executive and judicial branches of the US government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power.
- The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States (currently : Barack Obama). {The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch. Joe Biden} The President is both the head of state and head of government of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Under Article II of the Constitution, the President is responsible for the execution and enforcement of the laws created by Congress. The President also appoints the heads of more than 50 independent federal commissions, as well as federal judges, ambassadors, and other federal offices. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) consists of the immediate staff to the President, along with entities such as the Office of Management and Budget and the Office of the United States Trade Representative. The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. The Executive Branch conducts diplomacy with other nations, and the President has the power to negotiate and sign treaties, which also must be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate. The President can issue executive orders, which direct executive officers or clarify and further existing laws. The President also has unlimited power to extend pardons and clemencies for federal crimes, except in cases of impeachment. The Constitution lists only three qualifications for the Presidency → the President must be 35 years of age → be a natural born citizen → must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. President Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States. By tradition, the President and the First Family live in the White House in Washington, D.C., also the location of the President's Oval Office and the offices of the his senior staff. Including members of the armed forces, the Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans.
- Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the authority to enact legislation and declare war, and the right to confirm or reject many Presidential appointments. The House of Representatives is made up of 435 elected members, divided among the 50 states in proportion to their total population. In addition, there are 6 non-voting members, representing the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and four other territories of the United States. (The territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) The presiding officer of the chamber is the Speaker of the House, elected by the Representatives. He or she is third in the line of succession to the Presidency. (Currently : John Boehner) Members of the House are elected every two years and must be 25 years of age, a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and a resident of the state (but not necessarily the district) they represent. The Senate is composed of 100 Senators, 2 for each state. They are elected to six-year terms by the people of each state. Senator's terms are staggered so that about one-third of the Senate is up for reelection every two years. Senators must be 30 years of age, U.S. citizens for at least nine years, and residents of the state they represent. The Vice President of the United States serves as President of the Senate. The Senate has the sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that require consent, and to ratify treaties. There are, however, two exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves foreign trade. The Senate also tries impeachment cases for federal officials referred to it by the House.
- The Judicial branch is different from the two previous branches. Indeed, where the Executive and Legislative are elected, members of the Judicial branch are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Article III of the Constitution, which establishes the Judicial Branch, leaves Congress significant discretion to determine the shape and structure of the federal judiciary. Even the number of Supreme Court Justices is left to Congress. Federal judges can only be removed through impeachment by the House of Representatives and conviction in the Senate. Judges serve no fixed term — they serve until their death, retirement, or conviction by the Senate Federal courts enjoy the sole power to interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to individual cases. The courts, like Congress, can compel the production of evidence and testimony through the use of a subpoena. The inferior courts are constrained by the decisions of the Supreme Court — once the Supreme Court interprets a law, inferior courts must apply the Supreme Court's interpretation to the facts of a particular case.
- Democratic and republican Democrats are generally more liberal, close from the socialists, They implement tax plans in order to have a stronger federal state, and often to try to help the less privileged. In Economy they are for a strict regulation of the work market, employee protection ( every syndicate are democrats ) , and for an affirmative action ( which forces companies to employed a minimum of women are people belonging to a minority ) . They tend to believe the government must look for the greater good above the individual person in terms of welfare and do what is necessary to make the population more "equal". They are generally for Pro Choice and gay marriage, and against the death penalty, and in favour of immigration. Republicans are generally more conservative, they advocate a maximum of individual liberties, believe more strongly in property rights and in the meritocracy , less strongly in well-fare rights .They want less government interference, a minimum of tax, and they want to let people do what they want with their money,. They want a minimum of charges and confines for companies , they want to help them to make profits. Are against an affirmative action, which they consider to be not fair. They are also generally against pro-choice or gay marriage and for the death penalty, very religious. They are in favour of a strong army to defend to country, and against the mass immigration to protect their country against poverty , but in favour of a restricted immigration of qualified work force
- According to the Article II of the American constitution to be president or vice-president of the united states you have to : be over 35 be a citizen of the USA since you're born must have lived at least 14 years in the USA you can't be a candidate for a third term as the president of the USA Since 1947, a president can't be elected 3 times ; if he took his functions after the death or the resignation of his predecessor and for more than 2 years , he can be elected only once more. The First step in the presidential election is to chose a candidate for each party. It occurs in January This choice is made during primaries and national conventions of the parties. The primaries elected a representative in each state who will vote, during the summer , in the national convention of the party for the future candidate for the presidential election and for the future vice-president The first Tuesday of November is the Election day, the day of the popular vote , where all the American voters are called to vote directly for their favourite. All citizens above 18 can vote. The candidate who wins this ballot at the relative majority in a State , wins all the “electors” of this State. So this vote is very important especially in the states were the population is the more important, because there is more “electors” to get. California, NY, Texas and Florida The first Monday which follows the second Wednesday of December is the last step of the presidential election, the president and the vice-president are elected by a group of electors made of 538 electors. The candidate must have the absolute majority, which means 270 votes.The votes are then counted at the beginning of January. If there's a equality between the two candidates The House of representatives elected the president and the senate appointed the vice-president.The Inauguration Day is the 20 th of January so the candidate is now officially president of the USA