2. PRECANCEROUS LESION
• It’s a morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is
more likely to occur than in its apparently normal
counterpart
• E.g. erythroplakia
3. PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS
• Its a generalized state associated with a significantly
increased risk of cancer developing.
• E.g. betel quid chewing
7. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Intrinsic white area
• Homogenous
• Wrinkled
• Verrucous
• Fissured
May vary from transparent and
thin to dense and thick
8. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES
• Hyperkeratosis with or
without epithelial dysplasia
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Dysplasia can be categorized
as mild, moderate and severe
9. ERYTHROPLAKIA
• It is relatively uncommon and
appears as a bright red patch
that is well defined from the
surrounding mucosa and has
a velvet-like surface texture
10. ERYTHROPLAKIA
• High incidence of cellular
atypia
• Atrophy of the epithelium
• Candida as primary or
secondary infection
• Biopsy is mandatory
11. SPECKLED LEUKOPLAKIA
• Variant of leukoplakia or
erythroplakia
• White nodular patches on
erythematous background
• Buccal mucosa involvement
16. PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS
• Most Common Conditions
• Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis (OSF)
• Sidropenic Dysphagia
• Lichen Planus
• Less Common Conditions
• Discoid lupus erythematosus
• Tertiary Syphilis
17. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
• Oral submucous fibrosis
(OSF) is a condition in
which fibrous tissue is
laid down in the corium
of the oral mucosa
18. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
• Small vesicle > ulcers>
epithelial atrophy
• Stiffening of oral mucosa
• Difficulty opening the
mouth
• Marbled mucosal
19. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
• Induced by chewing areca nut
• particularly common in Asian communities.
• Probably a genetic predisposition for OSF
• Have an increased risk of developing oral carcinoma
• There does not seem to be any satisfactory treatment for OSF
although intralesional steroids have been used.
• Primary prevention by reducing the use of areca nut products
would appear to be the best way forward to reduce the
incidence of OSF.
20. SIDEROPENIC DYSPHAGIA
• Also called Paterson Kelley syndrome
• Affects middle aged females having
iron deficiency
• Mucosa appear shiny red and atrophic
• Oral leukoplakia and oral carcinoma
can develop
26. TOBACCO USE
• Nicotine, ethanol and caffeine (frequently used)
• Betel quid
• Areca nut
• Betel leaf
• Lime
• Tobacco
• Catechu
27. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
• Independent risk factor for oral carcinoma
• Combined effect of alcohol and tobacco is greater
than individual effect of both
28. DIET & NUTRITIONAL STATUS
• Deficiency of vitamin A, E and C
• Lack of dietary iron
• Increased intake of red meat
30. MANAGEMENT OF ORAL CA
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Combination of both
• Depends on
• Patient preference
• Biological age
• General health
• Site & staging of cancer
36. PREVENTION & MANAGEMENT
(OSTEORADIONECROSIS)
• Avoid trauma to the oral mucosa
• Arrange extractions before radiotherapy
• Conserve teeth if possible
• Extractions must be under antibiotic cover
• Rinse with chlorhexidine 0.2 %
• Consider the use of hyperbaric oxygen
37. PREVENTION OF ORAL CARCINOMA
•Primary
•Advice on stop smoking and chewing
tobacco
•Advise moderation of alcohol intake
•Dietary advice
38. PREVENTION OF ORAL CARCINOMA
•Secondary
• Screen entire oral mucosa
• Recognize abnormalities
• Identify candida infection
• Refer any suspicious lesion to hospital
39. PREVENTION OF ORAL CARCINOMA
•Tertiary
• Importance of routine intra oral & extra oral
examination
• Regular review
• Dietary advice
• Low threshold for referral
• Chemoprevention