Imagine US Corporations repatriated and invested their $1.5 trillion overseas profits back into the use to increase employment in the nation's 4.6 million small businesses, reduce and prevent the nation's epidemic of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among our young people, and improved the health of the country and radically reduced the burden of our prisons on the taxpayers while improving public safety. Impossible? Hardly. The US tax code enables this to happen, and the US companies will only pay interest on their investments in the US—not the repatriated funds. This can happen through the vehicle of Social Impact Bonds, and the world-class prevention science of the United States. Please read and help us make this idea happen.

1. Rapid
Results
for
USA
Jobs,
Health
&
Wealth:
Restoring
Our
Futures
With
Low-­‐Cost
Strategies
Funded
by
Repatriated
Overseas
Corporate
Funds
Prepared
by:
Dennis
D.
Embry,
Ph.D.
President/Senior
Scientist,
PAXIS
Institute,
Tucson,
AZ
•
1-­‐520-­‐299-­‐6770
•
dde@paxis.org
Abstract
Additionally,
the
Our
Futures
Fund
would
invest
in
expanding
the
implementation
across
the
Reuters
News
Service
estimates
that
$1.5
country
of
previously
proven
and
tested,
very
trillion
in
profits
are
held
overseas.
Pressure
cost-­‐efficient
strategies
that
can
significantly
has
been
increasing
to
repatriate
those
funds,
reduce
current
Medicaid
and
healthcare
costs,
but
not
to
repeat
the
failure
of
the
2004
future
health-­‐care,
improve
public
safety,
and
repatriation
that
experts
claim
did
not
lead
to
improve
our
global
competitiveness.
an
increase
in
domestic
investment,
Individual,
business,
organizational
and
employment
or
R&D.
government
beneficiary
entities
will
have
a
Existing
law
plus
innovations
in
“Pay
for
contract
to
pay
back
the
Our
Futures
Fund
based
Success
Contracts”
(aka
Social
Impact
Bonds),
on
careful
measures
of
success
and
principles
however,
provides
a
pathway
for
repatriating
established
by
previous
successful
experiments
those
pent
up
profits
as
USA
investments.
In
in
the
US
and
other
countries
involving
Social
turn,
those
funds
can
be
used
to
increase
Impact
Bonds.
Thus,
the
success
of
new
employment
by
the
nation’s
4.6
million
small
employees,
businesses,
and
reductions
of
businesses
(<25
employees)
plus
rapidly
crushing
costs
to
local,
state
and
federal
reduce
major
costly
health,
educational,
and
governments
(e.g.,
Medicaid,
unemployment
safety
problems
harming
the
global
payments,
crime,
etc.)
would
payback
the
Our
competitiveness
of
the
United
States.
Futures
Fund
and
its
investors
both
principle
and
interest—the
companies
repatriating
Current
law
allows
American
businesses
to
overseas
corporate
profits.
A
sweetener
could
repatriate
overseas
profits
by
purchasing
US
be
added
to
the
existing
law:
Interest
payments
investments
(e.g.,
T-­‐bills),
and
only
paying
tax
from
the
Our
Futures
Fund
would
be
non-­‐
on
the
interest.
This
is
already
happening,
in
taxable.
part
because
of
the
instability
of
the
European
Union.
By
tweaking
this
law,
we
can
create
a
In
theory,
if
US
corporations
repatriated
the
new
investment
mechanism,
tentatively
called:
same
profits
as
they
did
in
2004
of
$360
billion
“Our
Futures
Fund:
An
American
Families
&
to
the
Our
Futures
Fund,
millions
of
new,
Employment
Impact
Bond.”
sustainable
jobs
could
be
created
across
every
American
community;
and
hundreds
of
billions
The
Our
Futures
Fund
would
then
invest
in
of
dollars
of
crushing
health,
welfare,
and
staking
“no-­‐risk”
hires
of
unemployed
by
prison
costs
would
be
averted
at
a
local,
state
qualified
small
businesses
(<25
employees)
to
and
federal
level.
The
US
economy
would
ramp
up
products,
services,
marketing
and
rebound,
and
our
global
competitiveness
would
sales.
be
increased
for
all
our
futures.
1

2. Predicting
America’s
Future
from
Current
Facts
Unless
current
FACTS
are
altered,
multiple
job
loss
increases
youth
smoking,
adverse
trends
can
be
predicted
for
America.
forecasting
many
lifetime
health
problems.9
Current
FACTS
predict
a
perfect
storm
of
• A
longitudinal
study
of
9,500
persons
shows
worsening
problems
for
our
economy,
our
that
unemployment
most
adversely
affects
public
safety,
our
health,
our
economy,
our
the
most
conscientious,
good
employees
for
global
competitiveness,
and
our
national
future
employment.10
security.
Fortunately,
the
United
States
actually
• Two
population-­‐based
longitudinal
studies
possesses
the
best
science
to
alter
these
trends.
of
U.
S.
workers
show
that
involuntary
job
Applying
this
world-­‐class
science
can
save
Our
loss
causes
serious
cognitive
depression
and
Futures
in
America.
poorer
overall
health.11
Another
longitudinal
study
of
unemployed
workers
shows
that
symptoms
of
common
mental
disorders
then
cause
greater
time
in
unemployment
over
four
years.12
Increased
psychiatric
hospitalization
follows
unemployment
in
another
12-­‐year
study.13
The
mental
health
effects
of
unemployment
cause
many
more
persons
to
migrate
to
disability
benefits.14
• Poor
mental
health
caused
by
becoming
unemployed
cause
parents
to
be
more
negative
and
punishing
to
their
children.15
Becoming
unemployed
as
mothers
increases
FACT:
Unemployment
has
profound
physical
ADHD
among
dependent
children,16
which
and
behavioral
impact
on
adults,
their
in
turn
predicts
unemployment
for
those
current
children,
and
their
future
children
children
as
they
age.17
• Losing
employment
causes
subsequent
Unemployment
has
one
of
the
most
devastating
infants
born
to
be
more
premature
and
impacts
on
persistent
mental
and
physical
unhealthy.18
health
on
adults
and
their
dependent
children.
• Fathers’
job
loss
increases
suicide
among
Consider
a
few
examples:
their
dependent
children.19
• The
US
National
Longitudinal
Survey
of
• Increases
in
community
unemployment,
Youth
shows
girls
tend
to
become
obese
in
mortgage
delinquency,
and
foreclosure
periods
of
local
and
national
predict
future
hospitalizations
for
serious
unemployment,1
which
then
predicts
future
child
maltreatment,20
including
traumatic
disability
pension
status2
and
long-­‐term
brain
injuries.21
In
turn,
this
predicts
health
costs
for
both
young
woman,
lower
lifetime
employment
problems
by
the
fertility,
and
unhealthy
future
offspring.3-­‐6
child.22
• The
US
National
Longitudinal
Survey
of
Re-­‐employment,
however,
typically
improves
Youth
shows
that
unemployment
increases
health
indicators
quickly.23
And
a
warm
family
risky
sexual
behavior
and
risk
of
sexually
environment
protects
a
child
from
future
transmitted
diseases.7
The
same
survey
unemployment
as
an
adult.24-­‐26
shows
higher
risk
of
serious
lifetime
substance
abuse
or
alcohol
abuse.8
Parental
2

3. FACT:
American
Children
Have
the
Highest
The
Mission
Readiness
Group
(Retired
4-­‐Star
Rate
of
Mental,
Emotional,
Behavioral
and
Generals)
finds
that
3-­‐out-­‐of-­‐four
17
through
24
Related
Physical
Illnesses
Among
Rich
year-­‐old
youth
in
America
are
not
eligible
for
military
service,
based
on
national
Democracies.
epidemiological
data—not
entrance
exams.
The
evidence
for
this
sorry
state
comes
from
multiple
studies,
sources
and
indicators
cited
in
the
2009
Institute
of
Medicine
Report.27
The
trends
have
been
worsen
for
at
least
the
past
20
years,
and
now
it
appears
that
our
current
children
may
have
a
short
lifespan
than
current
adults
as
a
consequence
of
multiple
underlying
connected
factors
from
adverse
childhood
experiences,
violence,
suicide,
injuries,
plus
related
metabolic
disorders.
The
Great
Smokey
Mountains
Longitudinal
Study
finds
that
ever
two
years,
young
people
For
example,
the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
are
having
earlier
and
earlier
onset
of
mental,
Adolescence
(see
below)
shows
that
one-­‐out-­‐of-­‐ emotional,
and
behavioral
disorders,
and
the
two
18
year
olds
in
America
will
meet
an
percentage
with
the
disorders
is
rising
with
objective
diagnoses
of
one
major
mental
health
each
younger
cohort.
problem
that
impair
work
performance,
educational
attainment,
compromise
health,
and
increase
risk
of
criminal
offenses.
The
Wall
Street
Journal
did
independent
analyses
of
prescription
drug
use
among
America’s
children
and
youth.
Their
December
The
National
Co-­‐Morbidity
Study
shows
that
the
28,
2010
report
notes
that
40.4
million
of
our
onset
and
proportion
of
birth-­‐cohorts
having
a
young
people
received
at
least
one
prescription
major
depression
has
been
steadily
increasing,
for
a
psychotropic
medication
in
2009.
as
shown
below.
This
is
not
the
result
of
over-­‐
diagnoses,
which
is
filtered
out
of
the
study.
3

4. The
2009
Institute
of
Medicine
Report
on
the
there
are
fewer
new
companies
making
any
Prevention
of
Mental,
Emotional,
and
Behavioral
hires
at
all.
Disorders
Among
Young
People
(go
to
http://bit.ly/IOM2009)
finds
that
most
of
these
FACT:
US
Small
Business
Is
Smaller
Than
Most
problems
are
preventable
at
a
public-­‐health
Other
Rich
Democracies1
programmatic
level,
based
on
funded
science
in
The
United
States
has
among
the
lowest
shares
the
United
States.
Other
rich
democracies
are
of
employment
in
small
businesses
in
using
this
science,
but
the
federal,
state
and
manufacturing.
Only
11.1
percent
of
the
U.S.
local
governments
of
America
are
not.
manufacturing
workforce
is
in
enterprises
with
FACT:
US
Small
Business
Is
Smaller
Now
fewer
than
20
employees.
Eighteen
other
rich
countries
have
a
higher
share
of
manufacturing
Virtually
every
elected
official
in
the
United
employment
in
enterprises
of
this
size,
as
States
concurs
that
small
business
is
the
shown
in
the
figure
on
the
next
page.
backbone
of
our
economy
and
our
communities.
Across
the
country,
there
are
nearly
4.8
million
What
if
the
cut
off
is
put
higher,
say
firms
with
businesses
that
employ
25
or
fewer
workers.
less
than
500
employees
in
manufacturing?
The
United
States
is
at
the
bottom
(no
data
available
Just
imagine
if
each
one
of
those
small
on
Luxembourg
or
Switzerland).
businesses
took
on
one
new
employee
this
year.
That
would
reduce
unemployment
from
about
Similar
trends
hold
true
for
firms
involved
in
12.7
million
people
to
7.9
million—a
38%
research
and
development,
computer
services,
reduction.
Think
what
that
would
do
for
and
even
low-­‐tech
services.
confidence
in
the
future,
our
jobs
report,
the
What
Keeps
Small
Firms
from
Hiring?
mood
of
the
country,
and
our
overall
economic
security.
Let’s
consider
how
to
jump
start
hiring
Various
polls
suggest
that
small
businesses
by
very
small
businesses
of
25
or
fewer
(<25
to
50
employees)
are
not
in
a
hiring
mood.
employees.
First,
consider
some
facts.
Mostly
this
is
about
confidence
in
the
future
to
make
a
profit
from
the
investment
new
Small
Business
today
is
getting
smaller
in
many
employees.
If
you
are
a
small
business,
adding
ways:
one
employee
is
a
big
deal.
If
you
are
a
large
• Online
payroll
services
company,
business,
a
few
more
or
less
employees
are
SurePayroll,
found
that
50
percent
of
the
marginal
costs.
surveyed
small-­‐business
owners
are
"experiencing
increased
revenue
and
growth
in
their
business,"
but
those
same
business
owners
aren’t
hiring.
• A
recent
Kaufman
Foundation
study
found
the
average
new
business
establishment
opened
its
doors
with
about
7.5
employees
in
the
1990’s—compared
to
about
4.9
jobs
per
startup
today.
• Additionally,
the
Kaufman
study
reports
that
the
number
of
new
businesses
hiring
employees
has
contracted
by
more
than
27
percent
since
2006.
So
not
only
are
there
fewer
employees
per
new
company,
but
1http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications
/small-­‐business-­‐2009-­‐08.pdf
4

5.
It
cannot
be
just
an
issue
of
“government
care
reforms
in
the
US.
Virtually
every
one
of
regulation,”
as
the
fundamental
regulations
the
countries
with
higher
percentages
of
small
related
to
employees
today
are
about
the
same
business
actually
have
single-­‐payer,
health-­‐care
as
two
decades
ago:
pay
all
the
payroll
taxes,
systems.
don’t
endanger
your
employees,
and
don’t
engage
in
egregious
discrimination
or
The
real
issue
for
small
business
of
new
hires
is
harassment.
These
are
fair
play
rules.
the
fear
of
not
making
return
on
the
investment.
“Maybe
it
won’t
pay
off”.
“Maybe
I
would
do
It
is
also
important
to
note
that
regulations
better
to
save
the
dollars
or
invest
in
governing
small
businesses
are
more
strict
and
marketing.”
Or,
“What
if
I
hire
the
wrong
difficult
in
most
of
the
other
countries
with
person?”
Or,
“What
if
cash
flow
goes
down?”
higher
percentages
of
small
businesses.
It
is
also
questionable
that
the
issue
is
taxation
These
are
not
abstractions
for
us
at
PAXIS
rates,
as
most
of
the
other
countries
have
Institute.
We
are
a
small
business.
actually
higher
marginal
taxes
(fewer
If
the
relative
risk
of
a
new
hire
were
reduced,
deductions),
excluding
VAT
or
GST
compared
to
small
business
owners
would
hire
more
the
United
States.
employees.
How
might
that
happen?
It
is
noteworthy,
too,
that
this
difference
is
not
likely
to
be
because
of
newly
enacted
health
5

6. Our
Futures
Fund:
An
American
Families
&
Employment
Impact
Bond
Corporations
are
able
to
invest
their
foreign
which
is
a
specially
constructed
public-­‐
earnings
in
U.S.
assets
without
treating
private
partnership.
them
as
“repatriated”
and
subject
to
Here
is
a
broad-­‐brush
idea
to
increase
taxation,
because
the
federal
tax
code,
specifically
Section
956(c)(2),
already
repatriated
funds,
and
improve
allows
U.S.
corporations
to
use
foreign
employment.
funds
to
make
a
wide
range
of
U.S.
A
public
investment
fund
might
be
created,
investments
without
incurring
tax
liability.
called
“Our
Futures”
as
a
Families
and
If
those
U.S.
investments
then
produce
Employment
Impact
Bond.
This
could
be
income,
that
additional
income
may
be
done
in
states
or
nationally
or
both.
The
subject
to
taxation.
talent
to
create
such
Social
Impact
Bonds
Legislation
could
be
introduced
to
waive
clearly
exists
in
the
state
of
Connecticut.
This
public
investment
fund
would
be
the
tax
on
investment
income,
providing
that
investment
was
in
a
qualified
Social
aimed
at
expanding
employment
in
the
4
Impact
Bond
or
Fund
to
improve
jobs
and
million
plus
small
businesses
under
25
employees
in
the
US.
The
fund
would
also
the
wellbeing
of
children
and
families—
6

7. be
aimed
at
reduce
mental,
emotional,
• A
study
funded
by
the
Centers
for
behavioral
and
related
physical
illnesses
Disease
Control
and
Prevention
proved
among
children
and
families.
that
Triple
P
can
prevent
multiple
indicators
of
child
maltreatment
for
Local
public
entities
and
local
small
whole
counties,
at
the
cost
of
$15
per
businesses
will
form
an
Our
Futures
child
in
the
county.28
partnership,
and
local
folks
seeking
• Triple
P
can
be
delivered
effectively
via
employment
may
become
members
of
this
mass
media.29-­‐31
effort.
They
will
prepare
a
charter
that
embraces
specific
actions
in
their
settings
• Triple
P
can
be
delivered
via
phone
to
to
become
beneficiary
partners
in
local
or
remote
areas.32
regional
American
Employment
Impact
• Triple
P
averts
or
prevents
serious
Bonds
problems
like
oppositional
defiance
or
conduct
disorders.33
This
investment
fund—The
American
• Triple
P
reduces
parental
depression.34
Families
and
Employment
Impact
Bonds— 35
would
do
several
types
of
investments
in
• Triple
P
improves
marital
and
step-­‐
increasing
health
and
wellbeing
for
the
family
relationships.36
population
of
children
and
families
as
well
• Triple
P
reduces
obesity.37
38
as
employment
in
targeted
political
jurisdictions—e.g.,
municipalities,
counties,
Multiple
projects
and
studies
show
that
and
states.
Triple
P
works
well
in
America.
Example
Children
and
Families
Investments:
A
recently
published
cost-­‐savings
estimator
shows
how
many
cases
of
child
The
fund
would
invest
in
two
of
the
most
maltreatment
might
be
saved
in
each
state
highlighted
strategies
in
the
IOM
Report
and
how
much
money
would
be
saved
as
a
with
a
potential
to
rapidly
improve
health
consequence.39
The
estimator
may
be
and
safety
indicators
among
children
and
downloaded
at
families
at
a
population,
public-­‐health
level:
http://paxis.org/triplep/Default.aspx
Triple
P
and
the
Good
Behavior
Game.
These
two
interventions
have
evidence
for
A
video
about
the
study
and
results
may
be
being
population
level
approaches
with
viewed
http://slidesha.re/triplepvideo
cost
effective
outcomes
across
many
Proven
Good
Behavior
Outcomes
problems.
The
Good
Behavior
Game40
is
a
“behavioral
Proven
Triple
P
Outcomes
vaccine”
used
everyday
in
a
classroom,
and
Triple
P
is
a
system
of
parenting
supports
can
be
implemented
in
a
public-­‐health
from
which
parents
can
choose.
Various
model.39
studies
show
that
these
parenting
supports
The
Game
is
used
during
any
instructional
can
be
delivered
by
many
different
types
of
activity,
by
dividing
the
class
into
teams
people
and
via
many
different
media,
all
who
may
work
together
to
earn
simple,
with
proven
effects
via
many
randomized-­‐ brief
activity
rewards
like
a
“giggle
fest.”
control
trials
around
the
world,
including
The
Game
teaches
children
how
to
pay
the
US.
Many
of
those
studies
can
be
seen
attention
voluntarily,
and
ignore
the
at:
http://bit.ly/TRIPLE-­‐P-­‐CITES
.
misbehaviors
of
other
students.
The
7

8. children
learn
that
they
can
“better
their
results.
The
Substance
Abuse
and
Mental
world,
and
better
themselves.”
Health
Administration
has
20
sites
using
the
Game,
showing
that
it
is
widely
One
can
view
videos
about
the
province-­‐ replicable
in
America.
wide
launch
of
the
Good
Behavior
Game
(commercially
branded
as
PAX
GBG)
in
Using
economic
data
from
the
Washington
Manitoba
and
an
earlier
pilot
here:
State
Institute
for
Policy
Research
(WSIPR),
it
is
possible
to
estimate
the
impact
of
the
http://bit.ly/ManitobaPAXLaunch
Good
Behavior
Game
if
it
were
provided
to
http://bit.ly/ManitobaPAXGBGPilot
every
first
grader
in
America.
WSIPR
estimates
the
Game
saves
$4,637
for
each
The
Game
has
been
repeatedly
tested
with
student.
Assuming
4,000,000
First
Graders
randomized
studies
with
very
long-­‐term
each
year
in
the
US,
this
saves
$18
billion
follow-­‐up
(20+
years)
after
just
using
the
every
1st
Grade
cohort
by
age
21.
game
in
First
Grade.
A
recent
publication
summarized
many
of
the
key
findings.41
The
table
on
the
next
page
shows
those
Incentivizing
Providers
and
Organizations
to
My
colleagues
and
I
have
demonstrated
Implement
Proven
Practices
for
Population-­‐ that
large
numbers
of
American
providers
Level
Prevention
Results
can
be
incentivized
and
organized
to
To
achieve
the
results
needed
to
“bend
deliver
a
previously
proven
prevention
the
curve”
for
improving
the
condition
of
strategy
and
achieve
cost
effective
change
America’s
children
and
families,
many
for
whole
states,
using
standardized
organizations
must
be
recruited
across
federally
mandated
and
collected
health
the
community
implement
the
same
and
policy
indicators.
strategies—just
like
has
been
pioneered
This
example
can
be
found
at
the
National
when
America
faced
other
epidemics
such
Registry
of
Effective
Programs
and
as
polio
or
other
diseases.
8

9. Practices,
see
everyday
tobacco
use
as
measured
by
the
http://bit.ly/rewardandreminder
Centers
for
Disease
Control.
This
strategy
quickly
achieved
We
have
outlined
an
implementation
and
compliance
with
federally
mandated
monitoring
logic
model
for
achieving
policy
requirements,
and
the
population-­‐level,
public
health
outcomes,
implementation
also
significantly
reduce
which
appears
next.
any
tobacco
use
in
the
last
30
days
and
Employment
and
Job
Creation
Investments
Employment
Investment
#1:
additional,
monthly
incentive
for
their
work
We
propose
incentives
for
employing
efforts,
and
the
business
would
receive
a
persons
receiving
unemployment
small
placement
incentive.
Something
like
insurance.
Small
businesses
could
“hire”
was
successful
in
New
Zealand,
when
it
the
unemployment
insurance
recipient
of
faced
a
serious
economic
downturn
in
the
their
choice,
and
the
employment
insurance
1980s.
would
continue
for
the
individual.
The
“hire”
would
also
receive
a
significant
9

10. Employment
Investment
#2:
along
with
the
boundaries
of
the
funds
In
this
track,
an
existing,
credit
worthy
or
resources
being
managed.
small
businesses
would
submit
a
brief
2. Proportional
costs
and
benefits.
business
plan
to
expand
their
business
for
a
Everyone
is
expected
do
their
fair
share
subsidized
new
hire
who
is
no
longer
and
those
who
go
beyond
the
call
of
eligible
for
unemployment
yet
wish
to
get
duty
are
appropriately
recognized.
employment.
The
small
business
would
3. Consensus
decision-­‐making:
Participants
have
to
commit
to
providing
health
will
work
hard
to
implement
a
insurance
for
the
new
employee,
the
space,
consensus
decision—to
do
what
“we”
in
etc.
The
investment
for
such
an
employee
the
group
want,
not
what
they
want.
In
would
be
for
12
months
to
jumpstart
addition,
the
best
decisions
often
business
expansion.
require
knowledge
of
local
circumstances
that
we
have
and
they
Repayment
of
Investors
lack,
making
consensus
decision-­‐making
As
significant
beneficiaries,
municipal,
doubly
important.
county
and/or
and
state
governments
4. Monitoring:
Since
individuals,
groups
would
have
a
binding
agreement
to
businesses,
or
public
beneficiaries
payback
pro-­‐rata
funds
to
the
Social
Impact
might
try
to
actively
game
the
system,
a
Bond
based
on
designed
criteria
related
to
system
of
monitoring
desired
outcomes
reduced
mental,
emotional,
behavioral,
and
and
transgressions
would
agreed
upon
related
physical
health
outcomes
as
well
as
5. Graduated
sanctions:
The
local
groups
unemployment,
using
economic
modeling.
often
can
be
self-­‐correcting,
but
stronger
sanctions
need
to
be
provided
Also
as
beneficiaries,
contracted
businesses
from
punishments
to
exclusion.
would
agree
to
pay
pro-­‐rata
funds
into
the
6. Fast
and
fair
conflict
resolution:
When
Social
Impact
Fund,
based
on
a
reasonable
conflicts
arise,
they
must
be
resolved
formula
of
impact
on
their
increased
quickly
and
in
a
manner
that
all
parties
business
(if
any)
over
a
specified
time.
consider
fair.
This
typically
involves
a
hearing
in
which
respected
members
of
Finally,
the
hired
person
would
agree
to
the
group,
who
can
be
expected
to
be
make
pro-­‐rata
payments
back
to
the
Impact
impartial,
and
make
an
equitable
Fund
based
on
federally
reported
taxes
decisions.
over
a
period
of
time,
for
W2
wages.
7. Local
autonomy:
Many
smaller
groups
of
Fund
Integrity
beneficiaries
will
be
nested
in
larger
groups.
They
will
need
to
have
some
A
series
of
checks
and
balances
would
be
powers
to
make
local
decisions.
established
for
this
fund,
based
on
the
well
8. Nested
governances:
When
a
group
proven
principles
from
the
Nobel
Prize
in
beneficiaries
is
nested
with
a
larger
Economics
for
Common
Pool
Resources
to
society,
relationships
among
groups
and
Elinor
Ostrum
and
colleagues.
There
higher-­‐level
entities
(such
as
state
and
proven
principles
include:
federal
regulatory
agencies)
must
1. Group
Identity:
all
parties
have
a
strong
reflect
the
same
principles
outlined
sense
of
group
identity
and
know
the
above
for
single
groups.
rights
and
obligations
of
membership,
10

11. Next
Steps
These
discussions
would
identify
major
Soon,
there
needs
to
be
discussion
with
partners,
timelines,
and
mechanisms
to
various
elected
officials
and
other
experts
refine
and
promote
the
plan.
to
refine
this
plan.
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36.
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12