Youth development strategy

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Youth Development 1 Technical Director/Dzevad Saric
YOUTH STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
Yangon, 2015

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CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................3
1.1. Vision of football development......................................................................................4
1.2. Focus on the child ........................................................................................................6
1.3. The basic idea of working with children of all ages are the following.........................7
2. TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL ........................................................................................9
2.1. Team functions and team tasks....................................................................................10
3. GUIDELINES FOR EACH AGE CATEGORY......................................................11
3.1. The general objectives of the football learning process in different age categories....12
3.2. Individually playing with the ball (5 years old)...........................................................15
3.3. To further devlop the qualities to play 4v4 and 7v7 (6-8/8-10 years old)...................16
3.4. To devlop the qualities to play 11V11 (10 to 12 years old)........................................18
3.5. The development of a more conscious team building process (12 - 14 years old)......21
3.6. The development of the correct match mentality (14 - 16 years old)..........................25
3.7. The development of the competition maturity (16-18 years old)................................29
3.8. The step towards adult soccer (18-21 year old)...........................................................32
4. FOOTBALL TRAINING ..........................................................................................37
4.1. Structured training sessions.........................................................................................38
4.2. Organization................................................................................................................40
4.3. Requirments that each soccer-practice must have.......................................................41
4.4. Why 4V4/7v7..............................................................................................................42
5. PROFILS OF COACHES .........................................................................................46
5.1. Profiles of trainer to work with young footballers.......................................................47
5.2. The role of the coach....................................................................................................48
5.3. How can the coach influence the players.....................................................................50
5.4. Training and coachings objectives in the different phases..........................................52
5.5. Selecting talent players in football..............................................................................53

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1. INTRODUCTION

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1.1. Vision of football development
Street soccer is the most natural educational system that can be found. By analyzing street
soccer yourself, you will conclude that its strength is that it is played daily in a competitive
form where youth players learn from their mistakes, unconscious of the technical, tactical,
mental and physical qualities they are developing through the scrimmages being played.
Effective player development occurs when each player´s daily training and playing
enviroment is of the highest quality. It aims to deliver an environment that promotes
excellence, nurtures talent and systematically converts this talent into professional players
capable of playing first team football at the club that develops them. If this enviroment is
consistent with a clear vision of what lies ahead for each player, development is then
optimized.
The goal of this program is the development of young players in a continuous, single,
planning-oriented cycle of activity, with the application of integrated methods. Integral
method of work includes the unity of action on everything that a young football player must
have to play at a higher level of competition. These are: technique, sense of play,
communication and soccer fitness. Players must continually be confronted with exercises in
training that contain the ingredients from the real game, so the required match qualities of
4v4, 7v7, and 11v11, can be developed. Of course ball skills (trapping and receiving the ball),
passing, dribbling, moves to go around an opponent, shooting and heading are developed.
However, they are developed only as a means to solve a problem in the game. Thus, it is a
functional development. A good youth trainer is able to offer his group a number of basic
games (5v2, 4v2, 6v3, etc.), related to all kinds of complex soccer game situations. The coach
should recognize new coaching moments, and have a knack for using these forms. Due to the
lack of time, working efficiently is a very important starting point. To recognize coaching
moments and give the appropriate coaching remarks requires command over the subject
matter.
Football is a game. One feature of the game is that players can make decisions, which are
controlled by the rules of the game. Children nead to know the meaning of the game. Players
need to know how to react in different situations on the field. The coach is the one who helps
children, young players to recognize the meaning of the game.

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Coaching is teaching, and teaching is the knowledge of how children learn. Coach is that one
which teaches the players and that lowers his intellectual level on level of children thinking.
In football everything is perception and giving meaning.

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1.2. Focus on the child
In contrast to soccer for adults, individual development is central in youth soccer. Yet, also
with youth players there is already some team tactical development present. He must be
conscious that it is not the result, but the enjoyment of the game that is essential. The youth
coach must convince his players that team tactics are necessary to win the match. And
everyone wants to win! The urge to win is used by a good youth coach to develop the
principles of teamwork without effort. That is why general tactical guidelines are necessary.
The result is not allowed to be central, but the quality of play and the enjoyment should be
central. Nevertheless, it is important to employ the team building process as young as
possible, even with the youngest age group category. Teambuilding is a step-by-step
educational mechanism. It occurs in the young age groups with many simple guidelines such
as looking for open space, trying to win the ball back as soon as it is lost and making the field
as big as possible.

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1.3. The basic idea of working with children of all ages are the
following:
1. Fully pleasure in football:
When the players are motivated to get involved in football, they want to learn more and
become better players. The aim of the coach should be to provide them with plasure in
football, as much as psoible, create many situations in which they would enjoy, such as the
scoring and defending (the game).
On a full size pitch children don't have enough touches on the ball and therefore don't learn
enough. So we suggest that children up to the age of 11 should play games with smaller sides
and on smaller fields. This way they become more in contact with the ball and in match-
situation this improves their vision.
2. Lot of repetition:
Repetition is an important aspect of the learning process of football. It is important in learning
to doing things. The same thing repeated over and over again. Practice, practice and practice
only. In practice this means:
- Many repetitions;
- No waiting;
- A sufficient number of balls;
- Good planning and organization;
- Quality teaching.
3. A good, quality coach:
The coach must know the way in which children learn, how they see football. You need to put
yourself down on the child's intellectual level. To be able to teach the kids how to play
football, he has to understand the game itself.

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To be able to play football children must, through its multi-year development, developed and
improved TIC (technique, intelligence and communication).
T - technique:
This is the basic ability that is necessary to develop in children age so they can play football.
I - Intelligence:
Football intelligence is necessary to be able to participate in the game. Each situation on the
ground demands differed solution that player needs to bring in the shortest possible time.
Football intelligence causes reading of the game.
C - Communications:
The exchange of information between the players of their own team through four moment of
the game (verbal and non-verbal). This term also may imply communications player with the
ball (speed, precision passing of the ball), communication with the coach, the audience.
In a soccer game alongside the three elements of the (TIC), a player must have a remarkable
level of football fitness. Former football practice, in the traditional sense, is separately treated
football fitness. It was observed in purely athletic terms.
Football soccer fitness definition is:
Football condition is the ability of players to perform actions of movement in the game better,
faster (more explosive), in a smaller space, that these acts are performed more often and to
withstand the entire game without symbolically decline in the quality of performance and
frequency of repetition.
Central object of training in working with young footballers is the football action that the
players perform. The football action is commonly the act of movement which is support with
action of achieving a sense of play and communication activities.

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2. TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL

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2.1. Team functions and team tasks
Football operations performed individual exercising football wich goal can be achieved only
in team. Each individual, player realizes and performs a special team task on the pitch. Those
team tasks the player executes through football action on the field. The type of football action
on the field depends on whether the team in possession of the ball or the opponent.
So on a team level we can distinguish 4 team functions:
1. Attack;
2. Defence;
3. Transformation by lost ball;
4. Transformation by winning ball;
 TEAM FUNCTION OF ATTACK
It is the sum of football actions that can be performed only when the team is with the ball and
actions are aimed at achieving the objective of transfer of a football ball into the opposite
goal.
 TEAM FUNCTION OF DEFENSE
This teamwork functions can be realized only when the opponent is in possession of the ball.
This function is fulfilled by all the players.
 TRANSFORMATION BAY LOST/WINNING THE BALL
If the team comes back in possession of the ball at that moment starting transformations bay
winning the ball, and if the team lose the ball a team performs the function transformation bay
lost ball. This team functions lasts only a few seconds.
So we can conclude: In working with young players we actually train them, in the team
football environment, that as far as possible perform football actions, in order to more
efficiently carry out their tasks on the soccer field. These actions are not purpose in
themselves, but are part of a team's functions in order to achieve the goal of football, that is
the victory of the team.

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3. GUIDELINES FOR EACH
AGE CATEGORY

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3.1. The general objectives of the learning process of football in
different age categories:
1. The starting point in working with children of different age groups is learning soccer.
In the process of learning football there has to be a rational and logical approach.

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2. Simplify learning and teaching in football:
Children in the lower age groups, up to 11 year, playing games with fewer players in the field
and on a smaller field. This mode allows players more contact with the ball, which improves
their ability. Simplified 11v11 to 7v7 or 7v7 to 4v4.
Why 4v4?
• This is the smallest number of players in the field, which enables the game without losing
any ingredient that makes football what it is (the ball, an opponent, teammate, space, rules,
time);
• All skills can be developed (T-technique, I-intelligence, C-communication);
• Players are constantly faced with real situations of the match;
• Players recognize the different situations that are constantly repeated;
3. Simplify the football but so that we can always recognize that this is football:
The key to success in football is the TIC, the players have to develop TIC from the earliest
days.
4. Point out the objectives and principles of the 4 important moment of the game:
• Ball possession;
• Oppeonent ball possession;
• Transition from ball possession to opposite ball possession;
• Transition from opposite ball possession to ball possession;
5. Work on issues of tasks and responsibilities of each player in terms of time and space:
In particular and clear for every age and level of players. Football for every age and level
demand different game and approach. Every age has the proper direction and correction.

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6. Read the game:
Consider the factors that most influence the game. Simplify reading at the beginning of the
(fewer players, fewer rights, use one of the four moment of the game). You need to know
what is a priority and goal.
7. Find a way to describe things in football:
Defining things in football. The coach must be able to explain certain things to the players.
The problem in the game is not coach problem, but it is players problem.
8. Formulate themes and objectives of the training:
To improve the performance of the team coach must define and diagnose problem on which
one the team needs to work.
9. Make clear training for players:
Players must be aware of what they are doing on the ground, identify target of training.
10. Requirements for each training:
• themes and objectives in line with football;
• repetitious;
• take into account the kind of group that we are working;
• there must be entertainment, communication, motivation and good training work.

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3.2. Individually playing with the ball (5 years old):
The first phase is the introductory period, where the child is not ready for doing something
with others. The ball is for him or her. The unity of the child and the ball limits the activities.
Fantasy and skill games can be on the menu. Surely not team building. It is all about the
youngest players: the youth players from about 5 years old. The game is too complex; the
field is too big. For these beginners a simplified form is better. The most simplified form,
wherein the ingredients of the match can be found, is 4v4 with small goals (3x1 meter). There
is no talk over specialization and thus no preference for a particular position. At this age with
4v4, there are no goalkeepers, only 'flying keepers' (the closest player to the goal at a
particular time becomes the keeper). The specialization as a goalkeeper should not be
permitted to begin too early. There is still enough time! Learn soccer! Shooting and heading
are not required basic skills for this age group. There is more strength needed for that!

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3.3. To further devlop the qualities to play 4v4 and 7v7
(6-8 years old) and (8-10 years old):
Children ages 6-8 years have a low level of concentration. They are self-centered and they
have no sense of teamwork. Every child wants the ball to himself. They have no sense of
space and all are grouped near the ball. Their abilities are limited. The game is still too
complex; the field is still too big. For these beginners simplified forms of 4 v4 and 7v7 are
better suited. The official match organization for these players is 7v7. Specific points of
attention with the youngest players are the basic technical skills involved in playing 4v4 in
training and 7v7 in matches: passing, receiving, and dribbling - to advance the ball or to beat
an opponent. Game forms are central during the training and serve as the basis wherein
ingredients such as time, space, direction, speed, opponents, enjoyment, and challenge play a
role. The technical skills need to be functionally developed. Technical skills and tactical
insight are therefore required to go hand in hand. A golden rule. You must speak the language
of the child and thus put yourself in the shoes of the child. Who can do that? Coaches and
team leaders who are specifically educated. They first learn to understand the fundamentals of
team tactical elements and then use them in their play. The dribbling technique requires still
further development. But remember that the dribbling technique is a means for a functional
move. It is a prerequisite to learning how to get past an opponent. It is not about tricks! 1v1
situations with a conclusion such as with a chance to score in the end are ideal dribbling
activities. The new ingredients are shooting and dribbling competitions with shooting as well.
In addition, do not forget: larger goals are now used and there is now a real goalkeeper.
Training activities shall therefore be more varied. The nucleus of the training must be the
game form, one in which the complexity fits with their qualities.
Age 8-10 years has a more developed level of team spirit. Improved the ability to control the
ball. The central point of the work is the contact with the ball. Players must constantly be at
the contacts of the ball until the ball "becomes an integral part of the body." Everything would
be done outside this context is wrong. The higher the level of reading the game, especially
playing in defense. So, gradually getting used to two team functions: defense and attack. Use
a larger area of the field, developed a sense of space. With the 8-10 year olds 7v7 is the
official competition form and thereby the starting point for the training forms. 7v7 is more
complex and places higher demands on individual qualities and teamwork. The three team

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functions stand out more from each other. It is becoming more of a job of insight into the
game and seeing the field. The number of duels increase. The coach must go over different
game ingredients, because the field is larger and the game situations are becoming more
complex. The manner in which they experience the training and constant repetition guarantee
an optimal learning process. In this period, therefore, focus fully placed on the T, to a lesser
extent in I and C. As for the aspects of fitness has not paid much attention to. Mostly seeks
through a training process to act on the reaction, speed prediction and decision-making.
What is important is that through good coaching during the many game forms, things are
made clear to the youth players, where and how they are to be done. Use good solutions for
game situations by the players as examples. Youth trainers must be as positive as possible and
make the enjoyment of the game and the individual perception of the players the most
important issue.

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3.4. To devlop the qualities to play 11V11 (10 to 12 years old):
Mostly technical processing period is rounded off (it should be), and is increasingly being
developed I - Insight in game and C - communication.
This is the golden age of learning and the most importnant age for skill development.
Demonstration is very importnant time to introduce and teach the basic principles of play. It is
importnant to establish discipline from the beginning . Player and team rules must be made
and kept it future expectations are to be realized. The coach for this age group must be a
sensitive teacher, be very anthustiastic, must be prepared to learn the game and be aware of
current happenings. He must also have ability to demonstrate or utilize someone who can
paint the picture (an older player or assistant coach). He must have knowledge of the key
factors of the basic skills ( fundamental techniques ). He must also know how to get most out
of every player and the team.
An important goal of the training activities is to make the youth player game develop to
11v11. This is a big step, not only individually, but also team tactically. Far greater demands
are placed on the youth players.
Game insight and technical skill are also developed in this age group category through the
playing of simplified soccer situations, the so-called basic forms. The youth players encounter
larger spaces and still more resistances as regards to opponents, ball handling speed, duels,
and efficient movement (choosing good positions).
A new basic training form comes into the picture: the match with larger goals and
goalkeepers, in smaller spaces. For example, 5v5 or 6v6, on an interval basis.
11v11 is the 'real' match on the big field. Preferred positions in defending, building-up, and
attacking come to the fore. A characteristic of young players at this stage of development is
that they are more interested in team work and tasks within a function of defense and attack.
The individual with his soccer experiences in technique, tactics, and mental and physical
areas receives more attention in the team role. This is normally prepuberty period where
emotionally players increasingly orient on the group and less on yourself and your
performance.

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Team tactically, the basic elements from the 4v4 and 7v7 remain the core of the development
process. There is now more attention paid to the organizational form and the task and
functional positions therein. The much larger spaces demand better positional play. These
players must adjust to the larger spaces and distances, more players, more options that are
more complex, new game rules and other allocations of tasks.
Still, the individual development is central. Through good coaching, basic team tactical
elements become developed further.
As was mentioned earlier, the performance level of 11v11 is the starting point for the training
activities. It is not about the variety of exercise material. Too much variety in training
activities is usually evidence of lacking training expertise or simply laziness. Constant
repetition of the basic forms remains important. They must smell like real soccer (such as 5v2
or variations of it). The rectangle, wherein this basic form is played, is a mini mirror image of
the real soccer field.
5v2 is the archetype of position and combination play. You have the opportunity to
manipulate the degree of difficulty in all sorts of ways. You can make the rectangle bigger,
play with more or fewer touches of the ball, have a minimum number of passes to score, and
so forth. 5v2 and all the derivative forms (5v3, 5v4, etc.) are ideal game forms to practice
basic techniques in game situations that rapidly change. We can then speak of the
development of functional technical abilities. Only in this way can a player simultaneously
develop a quality that is decisive for his level and class: soccer intelligence.
Such basic forms contain the ingredients of the real soccer game. Players do it gladly and it is
a big challenge. Due to an optimal experience you can endlessly repeat the basic forms, with
any age group.
It is also the task of the youth coach to bring the purpose of the game to life. A youth coach
can only work efficiently if time after time he is able to make clear to his students the
meaning of the training form in relation to the real game. Only then is the student able to
make the translation to the real game. This is the reason for the endless repetition of the basic
forms.

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A good youth trainer, composed in the art of letting his group perform the standard training
activities as regards to the game form, however simplified, answers the challenge and the
perception the youth soccer player is looking for. Basic forms are a reflection of the 'real'
soccer match, whereby the youth players are confronted with opponents, teammates, goals,
defined spaces, game rules, and still new options to find the solutions for more complex or
simpler soccer situations! The repetition of these basic forms is a golden guideline for every
youth training session.

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3.5. The development of a more conscious team building process
(12 - 14 years old):
With the 12-14 year olds it is especially about the development of insight into and
recognizing the consequences of the basic elements of the playing style in the defense, build-
up, and attack. This is true for each player, in his position or function, in the chosen team
organization. Youth from this age must become consciously aware that soccer is played more
without the ball than with the ball. That means that the more you play with your 'head', the
easier it is on your legs! You must learn that you are always involved in the play, either
defending, building-up or attacking.
The first step in team tactics the youngest players should take is to work together while
defending to hold up the opposition and together regain possession as quickly as possible.
Attention is also paid to the transition, whereby each player, directly or indirectly, plays his
part.
With this the development of the individual always remains central. It shall be clear that a
methodical development runs through the youth learning process. Therefore, the general
tactical guidelines are at one's disposal. So the young players can come to their fullest
development due to individual freedom within an 11v11 -structure and typical playing style. It
is asked of the youth coach that he makes the significance of these guidelines clear to his
youth players. And especially the insight, that through and with others, he makes the most of
his specific qualities. Which leads to the greatest satisfaction, enjoyment of the game.
As long as the individual development has priority, although more and more in conjunction
with the other players, it is still the right of every player 'to do what you want with the ball'.
As long as this remains central, every youth player must have the freedom to develop and
perform individual actions. His increasing responsibility for the performance of the team will
have to give meaning to these actions. At the moment that he enters a professional
atmosphere, this freedom disappears. The actions must then become team efficient.
From a methodical standpoint in the 12-13 year old age group, the accent in general has been
placed on the team tactical guidelines while defending. With the 13-14 year olds the

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guidelines move to the building-up and attack. Still again it is about the individual
interpretation of the role of the youth within the team functions.
The most important developmental goals for the 12 to 14 age group:
1. The development of the individual qualities to be able to (learn) play 11v11 as well as
possible.
2. The further development of individual technique remains central. Therefore, increase
the number of training activities. Played in the well known basic game forms:
 5v2 and variations thereof
 1v1 and variations thereof
 4v4 (5v5, etc.) without keepers
 4v4 (5v5, etc.) line soccer
 soccer tennis.
3. Through the development of the 6v6 game (small field with large goals). Qualities
become developed such as:
 sharp man marking and clever marking of space
 the transitions ( from ball possession to defending and visa versa)
 the build-up and finishing on goal.
4. Through training matches (8v8, etc.) with functional lines (defensive, midfield,
attacking).
5. The homework with regard to the technical skills such as passing, trapping, receiving,
and dribbling remain important.
6. The development of the team qualities to play 11v11 as well as possible is furthered
through giving meaning to the team tactical guidelines. Training matches of 11v11
(10v10) are the most appropriate.

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A golden rule: once again the individual action is the most important (and takes the most
guts and encouragement to do). Teamwork must result from the interpretation of the simple
team tactical guidelines, through the coach and the search for combination play. Let them
play. They will find this out for themselves through the interpretation and the coaching.
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS – it is importnant to establish a good strong solid base. The coach
must develop individual skills under the pressure of time , space and an opponent and increase
technical speed :
 DRIBLING & TRICKS – encourage risk taking – teach moves to beat an opponent
and to keep possesion.
 POSSESION – Shielding : spin turns, change of speed, change of direction.
 RECEIVING – ground and air balls – all surfaces from a partner and on the move.
 SHOOTING – proper striking technique, partner serve from all angles , turns, cut
backs, volleys.
 PASSING – emphasize the proper technique by using the laces ; inside and outside of
the foot and short and long crossing.
 HEADING – start with self serve , then add partner to serve. Teach jumping to head,
turning the ball and partner juggling.
 TACKLING – teach the proper technique with emphasis on balance and having no
fear.
TACTICS ( THE DAWN OF AWERNESS – THE 5 ˝W˝S )- start with 1 v 1 situations in
attack and defense ( individual ) – play 1 v 1 frequently . Progress to small group situations 2
v 1, 2 v 2, 3 v 1, 3 v 2, 3 v 3, 4 v 2, 4 v 3, 4 v 4.
 POSITIONS – players must play a variety of positions. They must develop an
awerness of the game. Emphasize the complete player and the basic principles of play.
 ATTACKING – encourage keeping possession and risk taking. Have players take
opponents on 1 v 1 in proper areas of the field. Teach the concept of support , basic
combination play ( wall pass, takover ). Promote attacking soccer.

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 DEFENDING - emphasize the proper pressure both in front and behind. Teach the
concepts of channeling the player , immediate chase , cover and marking.
 TEAM- team tactics do not take priority at this age. Focus is placed on maintaining
balance and playing skillful soccer. Players play a variety of positions and emphasisi
is placed on player development instead of getting results as a team.
PHYSICAL- all fitness work should be done with the ball, with partners , and using fun and
engaging activities. At this stage of development players, should not be subjected to any
conventional forms of fitness training as it unfortunately happens in practice. Development of
the hormone testosterone is responsible for the development of boys (bones, muscles and
general body material) is not present before puberty and any excessive and inappropriate load
is unproductive and pointless. Physical activities should include the folowing components –
Flexibility , Agility with and without the ball, Speed, Strength, Endurance, Balance.
PSYCHOLOGICAL- keep it fun and enjoyable to foster a desire to play (intrinsic
motivation). Encourage decision-making, imagination/creativiti, increase demands in training,
emphasize discipline, encourage players/teams to watch professional and National Team
games on television.

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3.6. The development of the correct match mentality
(14 - 16 years old):
Adult standards and formal rules become applicable. The pace of development quickens at
this time due to the acceleration of physical and mental maturation. The demands of skill
training as well as training loads should increase, thus provoking improvment with mental
toughness, concentration and diligence. Awerness of tactics within the game becomes an
importnant facet of learning process. Players tend to be self-critical and rebelious, but have a
strong commitment to the team. The coach for this group should a strong personality with
some soccer knowledge. The coach should be enthustiastic and patient but demanding.
With the youth players in this age group category of 14-16 year olds, the most important goal
in their development is the correct match mentality, as an individual as well as a team player.
These players must more and more show the intention that they want to win. They need to
realize, therefore, what they should do and also what they should not do. At this age you have
to learn to sacrifice for your teammates, next to your own interpretation of your role in the
team.
It is the moment for more deliberate individual and team tactical training. Passing and
heading technique become important components. Everything becomes quite deliberate, but
never really authoritatively imposed.
Within specified boundaries they have the freedom to act from their own insight. But if he is
to be a winner, he must be open for team tactical activities. The team is the guarantee for an
optimal match performance. His share should be clear to him and he must work on it. He is
obliged to do this for his teammates and visa versa.
To conclude, the player must learn to perform simple team tactical strategies. Again the
personal interpretation of it receives priority! Everything in this age group is done against
bigger, stronger, faster, and sharper players. The match resistances also increase. The
competitive match becomes more important for the player concerning his ability to develop
qualities for a certain position within the team. Step by step it becomes clear at which position
the basic qualities of the player can be utilized. At 18 years of age, this process must be
complete.

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The most important developmental goals for the 14-16 year olds:
1. For the individual development:
 Higher ball handling speed through increasing match resistances
 Better insight and oversight
 Increasing task-technical skills
 Physical qualities:
- speed
- strength in duels
- leaping power.
2. Match qualities, that are needed to be able to cope with the greater resistances:
 sharpness
 ability to take a beating
 guts
 strength in duels
 team discipline
 learn to play at the service of teammates.
3. Further team building process:
 More and more consistency concerning the basic task within the organization and in
relation to the playing style
 More insight in connection with defending, building-up and attacking out of the
specific and supplementary roles therein
 Better positional play and a greater urge toward more efficient combination play
 Becoming conscious of the general team tactical guidelines.

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INDIVIDUAL SKILLS –build on base you have established at the intermediate level.
Emphasize the development of individual skills under the pressure of time, space and an
opponent. Continue to increase technical speed.
 DRIBBLING – encourage the players to take opponents on 1 v 1. Teach
feints/moves, how to keep possession, how to shield and spin turns.
 RECIEVING – emphasize a quality first touch. Have players take balls out of the air
and work turning. Players should use all surfaces and learn to recieve the ball on the
run.
 SHOOTING- work on shooting on the run, on the turn, from all angles, from crosses
and from volleys.
 PASSING- work on short, long, bent, crossed, driven and chipped using all surfaces.
All should be learned on the run.
 HEADING- work on going to goal ( shoot/glance ), to pass and to clear.
 TACKLING - emphasize the proper techniques.
TACTICS- INCREASE SPEED & DECISION MAKING UNDER PRESSURE – work
on the 1 v 1 situation in attack and defense individual- progress to small group play. When
attacking, teach players to keep possession but encourage risk taking and taking players on in
the proper areas of the field. When defending, teach the players to apply proper pressure ( in
front and behind ), how to channel players, when to use immediate chase and how to use
angles of pressure. Continue with 2 v 1, 2 v 2, 3v2, 3 v 3, 4 v 2, and 4 v 4.
 ATTACKING - teach to keep possession, support, combination play ( including wall
pass, takeover, overlap, the double pass ). Introduce the concepts of width, depth, and
penetration. Begin work on crossing with proper runs in the box. Start to demonstrate
simple set plays.
 DEFENDING – players should be introduced to angle and distance of cover,
defensive balance , delay and pressing as a group.
 TEAM - teach players how to keep possession and how to play the ball away from
pressure. They should know how to maintain balance in the chosen system. Introduce
interchange of position during the run of play.
Encourage attackers to take defenders on in the final third. The keeper becomes an
integral part of the attack ( play balls back to keeper).

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Players should still play a variety of positions . When defending, players should learn
to maintain good shape. Zonal concepts should be introduced and should include
knowing when to delay or step. Clear decision on where the line of confrontation
should be is importnant at this level. Coaches should teach how to maintain good
pressure and cover in all three thirds of the field.
PHYSICAL – a full range of fitness conditioning activities. Progressing from a solid base or
core strength and stability (balance & proprioception) , moving to quickness and agility, then
extremity strength & power ( weight bearing to load ) .
Try to integrate all fitness work with the ball, where possible. Develop functional flexibility,
using dynamics before games and static stretching after games or training. Use coordination
exercises both with and without the ball, increasing speed & complexity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL – in spite of now playing ˝ full ˝ 11 v 11 game, it should remain fun
and anjoyable. Players should have a passion for the game . Imagination / creativity . Increase
demands . Establish training targets . Maintain discipline. Encourage players / teams to watch
professional and National Team games on television.

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3.7. The development of the competition maturity
(16-18 years old):
For players ages 16-18 years old the development of the match maturity is the most important
objective. They have to develop a winning mentality or even a draw mentality. It is the result
that matters. The team tactical guidelines for all players are now being put in place by the
coach. The time when they could perform their task and function the way they thought it
should be done is over. The trainer will specify the guidelines per match. The adaptation to
opponents occurs more and more when the coach feels it is necessary. When the coach puts
you on the bench you will have to learn to deal with that. An youth player needs to prove
himself in every match and training session.
Important specific development aims for the 16-18 year olds to play 11v11 at the highest
youth level:
1. Relating to the individual development:
 The speed of action becomes more important. This is required because of the
increasing defensive pressure put on each player. Most players will not succeed at
reaching the top (top-amateur level or professional). Furthermore, the responsibility
with regards to the significance of performing well puts an added mental pressure on
the players
 To develop the correct timing for making actions, with and without the ball, plays an
important role in the coaching and interpretation of situations (create awareness)
 At this age it is not easy to muster the self-discipline required of a top athlete. The
influence of the coach in this phase is invaluable.
2. Relating to the team tactical development:
 Next to the general team tactical guidelines, the specific tactical guidelines become
applicable at the youth level. More and more, each player has to deal with certain team
tactical assignments that are imposed on him for a particular match. In addition, the
mental burden increases. He has to learn to accept the decisions made by the coach
and follow the team rules, even if he does not agree with them. If he cannot do this, he
will lack the necessary toughness and persistence to succeed.

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INDIVIDUAL SKILLS – this is a critical time in the player´s development. Many stop
playing due to other interests, lack of success, shotage of playing opportunities, poor
leadership or other reasons. Players tend to lack mental toughness and self –confidence. They
tend to be self – critical and struggle with desire to be competitive or need to be more
competitive. There is a need for attention and security . A great focus on the team spirit ,
leadership, and discipline within the team. The coach must be charismatic, experienced,
knowledgeable, articulate, a disciplinarian, have managerial know-how, a thoughtful
persuader.
TECHNIQUES – skills should be mastered leading to artistry and improvisation, all under
match conditions. Individual skill covered during the warm-up and / or in competitive
situations. Increase tecnical speed. It is importnant that techniques is still highly emphasized
at this age. Strike balls cleanly over distance with accuracy under pressure.
TACTICS- INCREASE TACTICAL SPEED TO MATCH LEVEL - decisions based on
thirds of the field. When attacking, there must be an application of varied technical abilities in
order to increase tactical options. There must be an agressive attacking mentality in final
third. Emphasis should be placed on predicting what the game will need next. Knowing what
each player´s specific roles and resposabilities are lends to grater understanding of the big
picture. When defending there should be a clear understanding of how the quality of pressure
affects team defending success. There must be an ability to take options away from the
attacker. Develop from small groups to larger groups 4 v 4, 7 v 7, 9 v 9, 11 v 11.
 ATTACKING - players must understand the balance of needing possession and
penetration. Continued work on combination play (wall pass, takeover, overlap,
double pass, third player running etc.) Playing for penetration and creativity in solving
problems becomes importnant. Development of mobility (movement without the
ball). Improving on crossing, picking out a runner rather than simply putting it in the
box. Work on penalty box organization- penetration, width and support for every ball
played in the box. Attacking as vertical units (forwards, midfielders and defenders) as
well as horizontal units, involving link play and keeping team shape. Work on set
plays (80 %) success rate to get goals.

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 DEFENDING – Compactness. Cover, Delay, Dictate and Recover. Communication
(who, what, when, where). Defending verticaly as a group of three (forwards,
midfielders and defenders) as well as horizontaly. Enjoy winning possession of the
ball and dictating the play.
 TEAM – clearly defined team tactics, how the team decides to play as a group. When
attacking, have a comfort with both direct and indirect styles. Use of sustained
possession as a means to break down the opponent´s defense and an understanding
how to counterattack. Decisions based on thirds of the field.
When defending, have a comfort with ˝ high pressure ˝ and ˝ delayed high pressure ˝
styles. Understanding of zonal and man-to-man marking play and the goalkeeper as
the last defender. Maintaining good team compactness , to prevent the counterattack.
Decisions based on thirds of the field and different systems of play.
PHYSICAL- fitness should take place with and without the ball. Progressing with balance
and stability. More emphasis on strength, quickness & cleverness on the ball, and speed &
agility off the ball. Lots of competitions in 2´s & 3´s to alow players to meet their goals. The
importance of discipline for warm -ups and cool- downs. Focus on Footwork – keeping the
feet active when moving /playing . Develop more upper body strength. Develop an awerness
for correct nutrition, proper diet pre-game, post- game recovery and during multi-game
tournaments (not encouraged). Prevention and care of injuries and the importance of
rest/recovery – schedule issues relative to the physical demands.
PSYCHOLOGICAL – leadership & player responsabilities , discipline and a respect for the
game. Goal setting , vary programs to satisfy player´s urge for competition. Establish pre-
pracice and pre-game routine ( as individuals and team ). Encourage players and teams to
watch live professional and national team soccer games as often as possible. Teams watch
own videos for feedback & player development.

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3.8. The step towards adult soccer (18-21 year old)
The time has come when the players have to show their top soccer maturity. At age 19 they
enter the world of adult soccer. They have to possess sufficient match maturity to be able to
capture a spot in the higher levels of soccer. They will succeed at the top-level of professional
soccer or at a lower level professional soccer, or they will be welcomed in the large group of
top-amateur players.
For most 18 year olds that appears to be too big of a step, especially team tactically and
mentally. To perform under big pressure becomes the new resistance for them. They lack the
experience in dealing with this pressure. This pressure increases due to the enormous
significance of the result of the matches, fans who are for or against you, your popularity, the
media and financial aspects. Also your teammates put pressure on you through their criticism.
There is no room for making excuses. You will just have to perform.
To await one's chances to play and then seize the opportunity demands mental toughness.
Most will have to develop further in the second team. This is a mediocre developmental
environment in regards to the level of competition and the way the game is being experienced.
This team consists of players of all ages, first team players who are rehabbing after an injury,
players who have failed to reach a level that is good enough for the premier team and are
disappointed, and young and up coming players.
It is obvious that many 18-21 year old talents go through a difficult phase. Plenty of talented
players never grow beyond that and many drop out. As said earlier, the transition to adult
soccer demands a specific mental toughness, which you cannot develop till after you are 18
years of age and playing against good competition.
They will only succeed with a club coach who has the guts to give true talented players a shot.
This only makes sense in a team that is successful and radiates enough self-confidence to
include a talented player. Due to the enormous commercial interests, coaches nowadays
receive minimal space and trust. The team has to perform. The coach must impose his will on
the orchestra. When things do not run smoothly, the pressure increases on a daily basis. It
does no good to have pity for the young players. The premier team is a team that has to
perform, not develop young talent!

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Important focal points for 18-21 year olds:
1. Generally:
 The transitional phase to top-level soccer needs to be filled with strong competition.
During this period this is essential in making a break through to the top. The current
league for the second team of professional clubs is totally unfit to achieve this.
 More than ever, due to the high demands, the step from youth soccer player to adult
top-level player is too big to make for most players.
 Top clubs would rather invest in foreign players to instantly raise the performance
level.
 Because of this, it becomes even more difficult for the 18 and over players to conquer
a spot on the premier team or even sit the bench! During this period you learn to roll
up your sleeves, invest in yourself and believe in yourself. The moment will arrive and
it is the art of being ready when that happens that will serve you in the end.
 Often it is more sensible to transfer out and gain valuable playing experience at a
lower level club. This also demands plenty of mental power.
 This age group needs a coach who stimulates, gives advice and counsels.
2. Individually:
 Train extra hard at those specific technical qualities that are required at your position.
 When necessary try to play a different position
3. Team tactical development:
 The modern coach will apply a lot of team tactical training activities. Due to the status
of this group they will often function as the 'resistance' of the players of the premier
team during the simulation process in training sessions. To do the best you can in that
role and understand the need for it will yield success in becoming a top-level player.

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It should be clear that young up and coming players on the verge of breaking into the premier
team must possess mental toughness:
1. The true match qualities:
 Have the courage to take part in the battle and not be afraid to make mistakes.
 Be self-assured without overestimating yourself, be smart, be aggressive, but not with
blind rage.
 Have stamina. Never, ever give up.
 Understand the necessity of playing simple. Play conscious of your task at hand. Be
calm and composed.
 Have good concentration.
 Be able to quickly anticipate new situations.
 Be able to manipulate the referee.
 Have the courage to take risks, and the next time deliberately not doing that.
 And, always want to be the best you can be, want to be a winner!
 And last but not least: your responsibility for the team performance must always be
the motivation to perform better than can be expected of you.
2. The correct training mentality:
 Always push yourself in training. This entails a feel for pacing yourself and the
willingness to put in the extra training hours to work on your specific qualities.
 Be receptive to team tactical schooling.
 Take good care of your body and your equipment.
 Communicate. Get in touch with teammates. Talk often about soccer and make a
positive contribution to the atmosphere in training.
3. A professional lifestyle:
 Be self-disciplined. Dare to live, but stay in control.
 A 'healthy' home life does miracles.
 Have a feel for the correct recreational activities.
 Be competent when dealing with the media.
 Be friendly to the fans.

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 Have respect for your teammates, administrators, directors and staff members.
 Have no difficulty with living the life of an athlete.
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS – fulfillment of a player´s potential depends on this or his own
efforts, the support of teammates and the unselfish guidance of his coach. He must be
exposed to a playing and training enviroment, wich extends his mental, physical, tactical and
technical capabilities to the limit. He must have a sound understanding of the game´s
principles and concepts. Players should show emotional stability when confronted with
pressure situations.
Demanding and challenging training sessions and matches are a must. The coach must be
charismatic, well informed, up to date, experienced, knowledgeable, articulate, a
disciplinarian. No doubts about his/her authority, managerial know-how.
TECHNIQUES – mastered skills leading to artistry. All at speed under match conditions,
demanding exellence. Individual skill covered during warm-up and competitive situations.
TACTICS – increase tactical speed (decision – making) with increased pressure and
competition. Having the ability to change and adapt to game dynamics, up or down a goal,
management of the clock and flow of the game. When attacking a good deal of time spent in
functional training enviroments. Decision based on thirds of the field. Comfort in playing in
the different areas of the field / team (back, middle, front, center, wide). Confidence to hold
possession as an individual. Solve problems at the individual level. When defending, players
require a clear understanding of how the quality of pressure affects the ability of team to
defend. Decisions based on thirds of the field. Comfort at playing two different positions.
 ATACKING – improvisation/deception encouraged. Advanced understanding of
combination play and how to combine to break down a defense. Balance of possession
and penetration with a purpose to score goals. Recognize opportunities to penetrate by
a variety of means. Attacking in groups of three (forwards, midfielders and defenders).
 DEFENDING – pressure, cover, balance. Control of the game´s speed and direction
due to defending decisions. Recognition of double team opportunities. Defending in
groups of three ( forwards, midfielders and defenders ).
 TEAM – understanding of lines and linkage between lines. Understand positional and
team needs. When attacking, a comfort with direct and indirect styles of play.

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Combination play with tactical implications. Sustained possession as means to break
down the opponent´s defense.
- Speed of play; the game is faster and more physical.
- Creativity, quality of final ball to beat backs. Understanding how and when to
counterattack. Serving runners in the box. When defending a comfort with ˝ high
pressure ˝ and ˝ delayed high pressure ˝ styles. Understanding of zonal and man-to-
man marking play. Goalkeeper as the last defender. Keeping good team compactness.
Stoping the counterattack. Decisions based on thirds of the field and different systems
of play. Pressing ( when and where to pressure, channeland dictate defensively ).
PHYSICAL - as before with more emphasis on individual work for position role. Based on
player´s strengths and weaknesses, improve weaknesses, expands strengths. Fitness work with
and without ball, must be fun & competitive. Player´s responsability ˝ you are self-employed˝
for fitness, nutrition and recovery. Prevention is better than cure philosophy.
PSYCHOLOGICAL – increased concentration. Everyone must show Leadership, with
increased player responsability, discipline & performance accountability. Goal setting for
short, medium, long term careers. Development for self-confidence & self- motivation.
Variety within training program, to satisfy player´s urge for competition. Develop a ˝ will to
win ˝ mentality with a tough competitive approach. Continue pre-practice and pre-game
routine (as individuals and teams). Demand that players watch elite professional
players&teams as often as possible. Use some sessions to analyze video play on own & other
teams performance.

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4. FOOTBALL TRAINING

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4.1. Structured training sessions
The base of each football practice is, for any young players, football problem that occurs in
the game. When he is clearly defines then coach taking methodological approaches to its
solution.
For a definition and description of a football problem, we use the 5 elements:
 in wich moment of the game occurs football problem?
 which positions are involved in football problem?
 in which part of the field occurs football problem?
 when occurs football problem?
 what causes football problem?
Coach defines football problems that have arisen in the last match. He personally estimated
wich one of them are currently the biggest problems, that preventing his players on how to
carry out a quality football action. When you define the problem then you can make approach
to planning soccer practice.
1. Therefore, the first coach determines what is preferred football problem. Based on the
problem that occured in the game, the coach make soccer pracitce;
2. After each workout coach analyzes the training, he does so-called evolution of the
training;
3. In the next game the coach checks achieved level in solving problem.
The central role in the planning of the training process is determined by the coach, by his
observing. In every football match appears always several football problems. Coach is the one
who decides priorities:
1. What are the problems on which we should work immediately?
2. Which is a priority of the problem and whether it is a problem that has arisen because
of the strength of an opponent or he is chronic?

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When defined football problem and methodical steps, coach approaches to making soccer
practice in particular football shape. In the method of the game, in the method of football
actions, training can be divided into five stages:
1. Worming-up;
2. Orientation phase;
3. Learning phase;
4. Test phase;
5. Cooling down phase.
Within the soccer learning process, gradual changes occur in the structure of the training
sessions. This is due to several causes:
 The top-clubs often choose to increase the number of training sessions for their youth
teams. This can vary from 3 to 4 or even more per week.
 For most players in the age group 6-12 years old, only a limited number of training
hours is available. During the training sessions in this period, the basic games and
their variations should be stressed.
 As more training time becomes available, the training sessions become more
differentiated. However, the required match qualities remain the starting point.
 When the number of training hours increases, there is time to perfect technical aspects
in great detail. Certainly after the age of 16, when enough training hours are available,
training sessions should also focus on developing the tasks and functions of each
player and there should also be time for individual training. It is a well-known fact that
top players intensively practice one specific technical detail. Just like a circus artist
practices his act on a daily basis.
 The demands in the areas of speed, strength and skill will only increase in the modern
day soccer arena. Due to the increased hours of training there is more room for
specific fitness training. Also in this area much has changed, but the specific fitness
requirements of top-level soccer should remain the focal point. Science and soccer can
feed off each other to develop this specific training.
 And, last but not least: as the team tactical demands increase (14-18 year olds) this
will hold consequences for the team tactical content of the training sessions.

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4.2. Organization
An optimal soccer learning process of youth players nowadays takes a total of 12 years of
structured training and matches. Starting with the 5 year olds and continuing to the 18 year
olds and over. Capable youth soccer trainers, who preferably are specialized experts in an age
category, should direct this process. Depending on their age, soccer players are faced with
4v4, 7v7 and 11v11 as the official match organization. Within this process, there should be
consideration for the precocious talents who should be able to make the step to a more
complex match organization at an earlier age.
To assure such an 'ideal' educational system for players ages 5-18, it is necessary that in every
soccer nation there is an umbrella organization with regional offices. They have to take care
that a well-structured yearly competition system and tournaments are in place, with as many
official league matches as possible. The maturity and the age typical characteristics of the
participants should be the guideline for the configuration of the competition.
The competition configuration needs to be characterized by performance pyramids per age
category. A local competition set up for ages 5-9, a state competition set up for ages 10-14,
and a regional/national set up through 18 years old. Such an organization takes care of state
select teams for ages 11-13, regional and national select teams from ages 14 and up. The
umbrella organization also formulates the guidelines for good quality training sessions at all
clubs levels.
The need for regional soccer training academies has increased in the process of perfecting the
youth education process. These academies function as an addition to the standard club
training system.
Despite the good name of the youth educational system, the rapidly changing soccer society
forces the clubs to optimize the soccer learning process. There are opportunities to achieve
this. However, it demands good cooperation in a complex structure of political, commercial,
organizational and soccer technical concerns. In this teamwork a compromise has to be
reached between the ever-growing interests of the clubs and the interests of soccer in general,
as those are looked after by the Football Association and its regional offices.

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4.3. Requirments that each soccer-practice must have:
1. Soccer related objectives
- to score goals
- to build up
- defending
2. Many repetitions
- many turns, good planning
- enough balls, materials
3. Take the group in consideration
- age, skills, level
4. Correct coaching
- influence players
- intervene, give instructions, demonstrate, ask questions

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4.4. Why 4V4/7v7?
* 4 v 4 is the smallest way of playing the game without losing any of the ingredients that
makes soccer what it is:
- the ball
- opponents
- team-mates
- space
- pressure
- rules
- time
- direction
* All the skills can be developed:
T - Technical, motorical, physical characteristic
I - Insight, awareness (vision)
C – Communication
* Because of the number of players there are always possibilities to play deep, wide or
backwards. You are always confronted with match situations.
* Children recognize the different situations that are constantly repeated. Recognizing these
situations is important to be able to make the right decision by:
- controlling the ball
- the speed of the ball
- the direction of the pass
- attacking the ball

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7v7/4v4
- less player
- smaller space
- simple rules
- more ball contact
- more intensive social contact
- size of the goals in proportion to the size of the child
Consequences:
- more enjoyment
- more tension
- better co-operation
- better result
- better vision
- more learning moments

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4 v 4
referee 5 fields in an official field
40 players or less and no referee
(players settle things themselves)
5 small fields 40 x 20
11 v 11
22 players and 1 referee
goals: 7.32 x 2.44 meters

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7 v 7
Two fields in the width of an official field;
28 players and 2 referees
smaller goas: 5 x 2 meters

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5. PROFILES OF COACHES

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5.1. Profiles of trainer to work with young footballers
Profiles of coaches in working with young people, the quality that coaches must have in
dealing with specific age groups of players, directly depend on the mode that requires a
certain age category.
According to the aforementioned characteristics of the work and the development goals for
each category of players, generally we can distinguish three categories of coaches:
 For the first phase of training required a coach who knows the technique of football
game, a man who not only is a good theorist but also that he was able to demonstrate
the technique of football. At this age young footballers absorb every football
movement, repetitive motion exactly as shown and as required. So, at this stage it is
important that the coach has the ability of demonstrations, the ability of short
explanations and to have good powers of observation technical performance of
players.
 At this stage, the coach must still possess the above skills but to also he must be
informed (educated in group tactics, basic knowledge of team tasks of players in
certain systems of play) about issues of team functions in general, principled level of
team and individual performance. As at this stage is predominantly developed sense of
play, the coach must be a good innovator creating a football shape for developing a
sense for the game. So, at this stage is desirable creative coach with a sense of
recognition for the football problem and reading the game.
 At this stage, required coaches with a good knowledge of the collective tactics who
can competently lead the young soccer players in competitive matches. In short,
coaches holders of the UEFA "A" license without much coaching experience but with
a good education in all forms.
 The coach must be a top trained in all aspects of football. The coach does not have to
be a good demonstrator but has to be a connoisseur of football games, he has
experience in the tactical sense. These are common carriers of UEFA PRO license.

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5.2. The role of the coach
The coach must develop and increase the soccer-performance of the players.
Therefore coaches have to:
Know the 3 main moments of soccer:
- Possession of the ball
- Possession of the ball by the opponent
- Changing possession (losing the ball, winning the ball)
Have knowledge and insight of the basic skills:
- passing
- receiving and controlling
- dribbling
- shooting
- heading
Give the right instructions
- Give the right examples
- Give the right training forms
- Take into consideration age and level
In youth-soccer up to 11 years old the main objective is to learn the technical skills.
The starting-points are:
- technique is not an objective by itself, but a tool to .......
- there must always be a relation with soccer-objectives
- soccer-insight and technical skills should be developed through game-related situations
For juniors (up to 18 years) that means:
- Development of the tactical aspects of the game.
* vision, awareness and communication
* working together

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- Playing soccer with a given task.
* they must be aware that the most important thing is winning the game.
- Reading the game.
* recognizing and judging the situation
A golden rule:
Technical activities should not be considered as the be-all and end-all; The game, maturity as
regards playing and matches and matches and pleasure in playing should, generally speaking,
be all-important.
Technical activities, such as heading, turning, feinting, ball control, passing etc, are too often
exercised individually and in a way that is out of context; they are taught as individual 'tricks
of the trade'.

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5.3. How can the coach influence the players?
Step by step:
1. Structure soccer in the 3 main moments:
- Possession
- Possession by the opponent
- Changing possession
2. Observe and listen! (read the game)
Concentration
- Is there close attention?
- Is there atmosphere to perform?
Technique
- Do the players master the ball (techniques) in relation to the objectives of the
game.
Insight in the game
- Do the players know the intentions
- Do the players recognize the situation?
- How is the organization, the formation and field-occupation
- Is the space used optimally?
- Are the players positioned well in a relation to each other
Communication
- Do the players understand each other.
- Are the players working together?
- All the players alert?
Technique, insight of the game and communication can be distinguished from each other, but
can't be separated. They influence one another and are depending on each other.
3. Find the shortcomings (analyze the problems)
In youth soccer up to 11 years old mostly the technique can be considered as a shortcoming.
In this age-group the coach basically works on the improvement of the technical skills. In the
older age-group the emphasis will be focused more to insight and communication.

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For example:
- Players aren't able to take a player on and next they can't score
- Players aren't capable of keeping the ball in their possession, create chances and score
- Players don't recognize the opportunities to shoot on goal and don't have an appropriate
shooting-technique
- Players aren't capable of out-playing the opponents in a man advantage situation and they
can't score
4. Make the right choice for the correct practice sessions and the correct coaching-remarks, so
one can increase the soccer-performance and make their soccer better.
We must strive for an optimal learning-situation:
- soccer related-objectives
- repetition
- lots of fun
- many-coaching-opportunities
Coaches have to:
- Read the game
- Analyze the problem(s)
- Formulate the objectives, aims of the training
- Realize the training practice
- Evaluate after the next game

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5.4. Training and coachings objectives in the different phases
5 - 6 year
- Ball-touch / master the ball
- Skill-games in which direction, speed and precision are important
6 - 1 0 year
- Basic - game - maturity
- Technical skills and game-insight have to be developed by playing simplified soccer
situations.
- Instructions of technical matter
11 - 16 year
- Game-maturity (11 v 11)
- Team functions per zone and position have to be developed through small-sided an big-sided
games
- Instructions of technical and tactical matter
17 -18 year
- Competition - maturity
- Game-coaching
- Efficiency and mental aspects

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5.5. Selecting talent players in football
The primary task of a coach in the youth developent is recognizing football talents.
Identifying talent represents identifying players in the process of sports training that have the
potential to play superb football. Once you recognize the talents they need to be selected in
the training process.
Here appears a fundamental question - what evaluated and on what basis make decisions in
the identification and selection of talent?
The success of players in the game depends on a number of his abilities, qualities, knowledge
and skills. These include among others: (TIC) principle, soccer physical abilities, intellectual
(cognitive) abilities, psychological traits, and health and social status.
THEREFORE WITH SELECTION FOOTBALL PLAYERS, FIRST WICH IS ESTIMATED
ARE: T - technique, I- insight, C - communication.
In the group of talented players, only a few are true natural talents. Even a layman is able to
recognize these players as talented. These true natural talents attract attention early on due to
their remarkable insight and feel for the ball. These players are the artists, the creative players
and leaders in a team. The biggest group of talents, the workhorses, excel through having
learned to play the game by working hard. They are the foundation of a team.
The 'workhorses' have to invest a great deal in themselves to reach the top. They lack certain
visible qualities, whether technical-tactical, physical or mental qualities, but not to the level
that they are not able to reach the top. They gain the most from an optimally developed youth
education system and are usually good team players. They are invaluable for the team,
including for the star-players.
Experienced former soccer players could play an important role in the youth education
process of players, especially when their experience is structured by soccer theoretical
knowledge. It is understandable that they have aspirations to coach at a higher level, but it
could be a big enough challenge to play a key role in the youth soccer educational process.
The position of the work talent in the team does make a difference for his chances to make it
at the top. This chance is bigger for defenders than for creative players such as midfielders
and forwards. However, there are talented goal scorers who compensate for their lack of
technical ability with a knack for being at the right place at the right time in front of the goal.

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Youth development strategy

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