International Climate Finance; Addressing needs, meeting targets - Gemma O'Reilly EPA - EPA June 2010
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International climate finance aims to address developing countries' needs for mitigation and adaptation funding while meeting targets set in the Copenhagen Accord. Estimates vary but developing countries may need tens to hundreds of billions annually for adaptation alone. The Accord set a goal of $100 billion per year by 2020 from public and private sources to help developing countries take climate action. Mobilizing sufficient finance faces challenges due to economic difficulties in many countries, but opportunities also exist in new climate-related markets and technologies that financial instruments could help support.
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International Climate Finance; Addressing needs, meeting targets - Gemma O'Reilly EPA - EPA June 2010
- 1. International Climate Finance; Addressing needs, meeting targets Gemma O’Reilly Climate Change Research Unit June 30 th , 2010
- 4. People already on the brink of survival can ill afford the additional threat from climate change
- 5. We all have common but differentiated responsibility for mitigation…
- 12. Technology Leap-frog! + Economic stimulus of new investment
- 13. Other benefits…?
Notes de l'éditeur
- So why does Ireland have to worry about climate finance? All developed countries have a responsibility to take the lead and initiative on mitigation.
- UNFCCC The additional estimated amount of investment and financial flows needed in 2030 to address climate change mitigation is large compared with the funding currently available...but small in relation to estimated global GDP (0.3-0.5%) and global investment (1.1 - 1.7%) Mitigation: $200-210bn (tech costs only est’d in 2007, 170% higher est in 2008 due to increase in capital costs) will be necessary in 2030 to reduce ems by 25% on 2000 levels. nAI: estimated at 46% or $92 – 97bn achieving 68% of the global mitigation. While investment flows in Non annex I parties are estimated at about 46% of the total needed in 2030, the emission reductions achieved by the countries amount to 68% of global emission reductions. Adaptation: UNFCCC estimate is in the 10s but could be in the 100s of billions. needs for non-Annex I parties $28-67bn by 2030. But UNDP estimated $86bn by 2015. Commission € 100bn annually by 2020 required for CC action in developing countries
- The US reached .2% ODA /GNI this year and Australia hopes to reach .35% ODA/GNI. Collectively the EU member states are expected to deliver .48% ODA/GNI. Ireland registered a fall of 18.9% in ODA in 2009. For 2010, it predicts that the EU will be €11bn short of reaching its 0.56% collective target largely "as a consequence of insufficient funding by Italy, Germany and France". Ireland is reported to be on target to surpass our individual 2010 target of 0.51% (with a projection of 0.52%). Irish GDP was €182bn in 2008. That was a fall of 3% from 2007. 1% of Irish GDP in 2008 would be €1.8bn, 1.5% would be €2.7bn The report is also critical of the drifting focus of aid away from poverty reduction (particularly on the part of the newer MS in relation to military spending in Afghanistan), continuing aid inflation, tied aid, and "the whole of the Union approach". Ireland is recognised as one of only 5 Member States to have met the commitment to providing more than 0.15% GNI to LDCs - the others are Luxembourg, Denmark, Sweden and Netherlands but if Afghanistan is excluded from the calculations, Netherlands fails to reach 0.15%.
- Where carbon has a price, the private market can finance mitigation However, adaptation, capacity building need great public support Annex 1: Emission Trading, Carbon Tax, Joint Implementation, Offsetting, Public Private Partnership, EIB, Insurance, subsidy, levy, public investment Non Annex 1: CDM, public support international public finance grant/loans, Public Private Partnership, new mechanisms?, forestry/REDD mechanism?, project/programme based?
- Leap frogging: mobile phones have overtaken traditional telecom networks in DCs Economic stimulus provided by new investment, new technology; see IT revolution, Demand driven economies etc.