Class 7 (Maharashtra Board)

1. Reproduction In Living Things
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2. To keep species perpetuated all living things reproduce another living thing
of same type. This process is called as reproductive or reproduction .
If any one living thing dies but due to reproduction the species is present
on earth.
Reproduction is a natural process and is present in all living beings.
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3. Living things have male and female two catagories, they come
together to reproduce new living thing. This is called as sexual
reprodution.
Reproducing without sexual parts is called as Non-sexual or
asexual reproduction.
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4. Plants have both sexual and asexual reproductive
type.
Non-Sexual or Asexually reproductive type in plants
are as followes
Vegatative
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Bulb
Tuber
Basal shoots
Stolons
Budding
Fragmentation
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5. Vegatative reproduction – New plant is reproduced using root , stem , leaf
of a plant.
The root of a Sweet Potato is used to reproduced where as Turmaric,
Onion, Potato uses stem inside the soil.
Some kind of rose, hibiscus , Jasmin can use stem of plant to reproduce.
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6. In case of Bramhakamal,Panfuti (along the margine of leaf)
creates new plant along the margin of the leaf. It falls on the
ground and reproduces new plant.
In this way plants regenerates new plants.
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7. Division – Unicellular plants / living being once grows complete, it
splits center (nuclues of cell) and cytoplasma and make two center
and divide itself in two halfs and generates two identical to living
being.
Two cells are generated from single
cell.
Once newly generated cell grows
completely it divides itself again.
Ex. Bacteria , algae
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8. Budding – Some living being produces a small protuberance on the parent
cell that grows to a full size and forms a bud. The nucleus of the parent cell
splits into a daughter nucleus and migrates into the daughter cell. The bud
detaches from the mother’s body. The parent cell is called as mother cell.
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9. Spore formation – Living things like fungi have hyphae . Bits of the hyphae can break
off and continue to grow as separate entities, or can form stalks containing seed-like
spores. When the spore caps at the end of spore stalks fully mature, they burst. The
spores may simply drop in the same area or moist area and where they land, spores
will germinate like seeds.
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10. Fragmentation – The plant body of Spirogyra is an un-branched
filamentous thallus. The vegetative filament of Spirogyra undergoes
fragmentation, so that each fragment independently develops into a
new filament by repeated cell division and elongation.
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11. Flowering plants have sexual reproduction.
Stamen and Carpel are the main parts of reproduction in flowering
plants. Stamen is male gamete and carpel is female gametes.
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12. Pollen grains from anther falls on the the stigma. This is called as
pollination. During pollination pollan tube grows which generates
sperms.
The sperm will make its way to the ovary to fertilize the egg.
Fusion of male and female gamete is called Fertilisation
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13. The cell after fertilization is called as zygote , which forms seed.
Ovary is converted in to fruit of the plant.
The seed present in the fruit germinates in the soil and a new baby
plant comes out of it.
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14. Adult animals have sexual reproduction .
Adult male animal has sperms and adult female animal has egg. Fusion of
sperm and egg takes place in ovaries . The cell after fertilization is called
zygote, after cell division new baby animal growes.
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15. Some animals are born from egg. It get nutrition from egg . An egg
is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal
embryo develops until it can survive on its own, at which point the
animal hatches. Such animals are called as oviparous.
Ex. Birds , snake, fish etc.
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16. Some animals givies birth to live young.
After birth the baby drink milk from their mother.
These animals are called as mammals.
Rabbit,cat,monkey are mammals.
The fetus is growen in the uterus of their mother and are feeded by the mother .
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17. Unicellular living things like Amebia has asexual method , cell
division for reproduction.
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18. Importance of reproduction.
Due to reproduction a mango tree is able to reproduce another mango
tree. A species of animal gives birth to another animal of same species.
Due to reproduction species continues to exist or the species is
perpetuated.
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