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Improving
   Citizen
Engagement
GIS fosters participation
By Monica Pratt, ArcUser Editor
Manager’s Corner




                                             GIS-based civic engagement apps are improving the performance
                                             and image of government by helping citizens actively participate
                                             in government on their terms.



                                             In recent years, citizens’ expectations of       exclusionary at worst and don’t provide
                                             government have changed radically. In            timely feedback. In addition, current meth-
                                             response to perceived shortcomings of            ods used by government for communicating
                                             government, they have become impatient.          with citizens are unidirectional. This reinforc-
                                             These shortcomings can be categorized            es the impression that government isn’t lis-
                                             broadly as unresponsiveness, inefficiency,       tening. In this era of social media, communi-
                                             and lack of accountability and transparency.     cation between government and governed
                                             At the same time that citizens need and want     should be a conversation.
                                             more from government on all levels, govern-         Consequently, just pushing back-office
 When a call for CPR comes into the San     ments are operating with fewer resources         applications out to the public-facing web
Ramon Valley Fire Protection District, the
                                             and dealing with systemic issues such as fail-   will not meet the needs of citizens. The de-
Lifesaving App, available for Android and
iPhone smartphones, notifies the nearest     ing infrastructure.                              fining characteristic of a civic engagement
available volunteer to come to the rescue.      Citizens’ impatience with government          app is its bidirectional nature. No matter the
                                             is also a by-product of the profound trans-      purpose, apps should incorporate a feed-
                                             formation in their interactions with busi-       back mechanism that communicates not
                                             nesses, family, and friends. Thanks to smart-    only citizen concerns but also government
                                             phones and tablet devices and ubiquitous         response.
                                             access to the Internet, these interactions          Creating these apps requires understand-
                                             have become on demand and customized.            ing what citizens need and want and supply-
                                             Impulse is quickly connected to action.          ing it quickly. Instead of building monolithic
                                             People have become accustomed to buying          apps designed to last, a more successful
                                             anything from a jar of skin cream to a major     strategy is to make disposable apps that
                                             appliance with just one click. Through social    are rapidly created, used for a time, and
                                             media, they just as quickly and effortlessly     discarded.
                                             stay in nearly constant contact with friends        Two types of apps are emerging. The first
                                             and relatives—no matter where they live.         type complements existing government ser-
                                                Thanks to the prevalence of these devices,    vices and makes them more accessible. The
                                             concerns about the digital divide that were      second, more intriguing type encourages
                                             the centerpiece of discussions about put-        people to work closely with government
                                             ting government information on the Internet      to do things no one had thought of doing
                                             a dozen years ago are largely moot. Privacy      before, like rounding up volunteers to clean
                                             concerns also seem to be a nonissue for          beaches after a holiday weekend.
                                             younger generations who are comfortable             Other entities, with a variety of agendas,
                                             sharing almost any information.                  have also begun producing civic engage-
                                               In contrast, traditional ways of interacting   ment apps. These entities can be startup
                                             with government—writing letters, attend-         companies, social-minded organizations,
                                             ing town meetings, participating in focus        not-for-profits, and traditional GIS partners.
                                             groups—seem cumbersome at best and               Some companies seem dedicated to




                                                                                                               esri.com Spring 2012 au    33
Civic engagement apps fall into seven categories:
                                           Public information                              Unsolicited comments
                                           Maps are being used with greater fre-           Governments can learn about public opin-
                                           quency to communicate complex informa-          ion on issues and the effects of events
                                           tion that would not be quickly grasped in       through apps that gather constituents’
                                           another format. These apps are effective at     posts on social media sites such as Twitter
                                           addressing transparency concerns, provide       and Flickr. Social media maps on events
                                           a channel for feedback, and communicate         such as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill aggre-
                                           both where and why government money is          gated and shared comments, photos, and
                                           being spent. Recovery.com, mapping the          videos that greatly enhanced the informa-
                                           American Recovery and Reinvestment Act          tion available on conditions.
                                           economic stimulus spending, is a good ex-
                                           ample of this type of app.                      Citizen as sensor
                                                                                           The Crime Tips app, from Esri partners
                                           Public reporting                                The Omega Group and CitySourced, gives
                                           The Federal Communications Commission           police many more eyes on the street. The
                                           (FCC) tapped into the power of crowd-           iPhone/iPod/iPad app lets the user learn
                                           sourced information through the FCC Speed       which crimes are happening nearby as well
                                           Test, an iPhone app that measures the qual-     as anonymously report crime tips that will
                                           ity and speed of a consumer’s broadband         be forwarded to authorities.
                                           connection. During the first six months it
                                           was available from the App Store, 1.2 million   Volunteerism
                                           people downloaded the app and reported          The Lifesaving App for the Android and
                                           back information that helped the agency         iPhone, developed for the San Ramon
                                           plan infrastructure expansion and deter-        Valley Fire Protection District by the
                                           mine policy. The captured data is visualized    nonprofit PulsePoint Foundation, crowd-
                                           as a mapped surface that can be explored.       sources Good Samaritans. In instances of
                                                                                           cardiac arrest, time is vital. The Lifesaving
                                           Solicited comments                              App lets smartphone users volunteer to
                                           Apps don’t have to be forever. When the         be notified if someone nearby needs CPR.
                                           Regional Transportation Commission of           When a 911 call is received, the nearest
                                           Washoe County, Nevada, wanted citizen           CPR volunteer, who is in the best position
                                           comment on the Reno Sparks Bicycle and          to respond in timely fashion, receives infor-
                                           Pedestrian Master Plan, it worked with Esri     mation on the incident.
                                           partner CitySourced to develop an app
                                           that would let residents identify the loca-     Citizen as scientist
                                           tions for needed improvements, such as a        Individuals can contribute to collective
                                           crosswalk or a bike lane, simply by taking      knowledge with these apps. The free
                                           a photo of the location with a smartphone       Mojave Desert Tortoise app lets users take
                                           and writing comments in a form. These           a photo, find out more about this endan-
                                           comments were captured and displayed            gered species, and note location and other
                                           on a web map. The app went up in summer         information about an individual tortoise.
                                           2010 and was taken down in early 2011.




 The FCC Speed Test, an iPhone app that
citizens download, measures the quality
and speed of a consumer broadband
connection and sends that information to
the Federal Communications Commission.



34   au Spring 2012 esri.com
Manager's Corner




                                                                                                  Save Time, Expense
                                                                                                   & Embarrassment!

                                                                                                  Spell check your maps with...




                                                                                                                                                v. 4.0


 Reports sent using the Citizen Connect app for iPhone and Android smartphones are
automatically fed into the City of Boston’s work order system. Residents can use the
assigned tracking number to check on a request’s status.
                                                                                                  The extension corrects:
disrupting government, while others devel-        are integrated with business processes.         •   Tables
op civic engagement apps to gain a compet-           Rather than replacing the work of tradi-     •   Legends
itive edge. In most cases, the apps are not       tional GIS, these apps make the maps and        •   Layer labels
integrated with government workflows. To          data produced by GIS departments more
                                                                                                  •   Scale objects
the citizen, these apps appear to work, but       useful and accessible to more people both
because they don’t furnish information in a       inside and outside government. These apps       •   Grouped graphics
way government systems can easily use, the        also elevate the value of the authoritative     •   Geodatabase annotations
information they provide is not easily acted      data produced by government GIS depart-
                                                                                                  •   Map and layout annotations
on by government.                                 ments as people become dependent on
   Embracing civic engagement apps brings         obtaining current, accurate data.
new challenges and opportunities for GIS             Beyond these general patterns of app         And now...
managers in local government. A compel-           development previously cited, civic en-
ling argument for taking ownership of civic
engagement apps is to avoid problems
                                                  gagement apps fall into seven categories
                                                  (page 34) based on the type of interaction
                                                                                                  • Dynamic                              Text
stemming from poor integration with back-         they encourage: public information, public                     (75+ properties)
office processes and take advantage of new        reporting, solicited comments, unsolicited
sources of geospatial information.                comments, citizen as sensor, volunteerism,
   With these apps, usability is of paramount     and citizen as scientist.
                                                                                                        FREE 90-Day Download
importance. Conventions of a typical GIS in-         Civic engagements apps have the poten-
terface design may need to be abandoned           tial to enlist new segments of the popula-                        U.S. Patent No. 7,681,126
                                                                                                               ELA and volume discounts available
in favor of ones that use interactions citizens   tion—people who had not previously par-              Esri trademarks provided under license from Esri
will be familiar with. Another challenge as-      ticipated in government—and bring their
sociated with civic engagement apps is the        concerns, insight, energy, and commitment                  888-334-3832
design of workflows that take advantage of        to reinvigorate government. This is an excit-          www.Edgetech-US.com
new sources of geospatial information and         ing prospect.
                                                                                                       Edgetech America, Inc.
                                                                                                             An Esri partner since 1995

                                                                                                                     esri.com Spring 2012 au              35

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Improving Citizen Engagement

  • 1. Improving Citizen Engagement GIS fosters participation By Monica Pratt, ArcUser Editor
  • 2. Manager’s Corner GIS-based civic engagement apps are improving the performance and image of government by helping citizens actively participate in government on their terms. In recent years, citizens’ expectations of exclusionary at worst and don’t provide government have changed radically. In timely feedback. In addition, current meth- response to perceived shortcomings of ods used by government for communicating government, they have become impatient. with citizens are unidirectional. This reinforc- These shortcomings can be categorized es the impression that government isn’t lis- broadly as unresponsiveness, inefficiency, tening. In this era of social media, communi- and lack of accountability and transparency. cation between government and governed At the same time that citizens need and want should be a conversation. more from government on all levels, govern- Consequently, just pushing back-office  When a call for CPR comes into the San ments are operating with fewer resources applications out to the public-facing web Ramon Valley Fire Protection District, the and dealing with systemic issues such as fail- will not meet the needs of citizens. The de- Lifesaving App, available for Android and iPhone smartphones, notifies the nearest ing infrastructure. fining characteristic of a civic engagement available volunteer to come to the rescue. Citizens’ impatience with government app is its bidirectional nature. No matter the is also a by-product of the profound trans- purpose, apps should incorporate a feed- formation in their interactions with busi- back mechanism that communicates not nesses, family, and friends. Thanks to smart- only citizen concerns but also government phones and tablet devices and ubiquitous response. access to the Internet, these interactions Creating these apps requires understand- have become on demand and customized. ing what citizens need and want and supply- Impulse is quickly connected to action. ing it quickly. Instead of building monolithic People have become accustomed to buying apps designed to last, a more successful anything from a jar of skin cream to a major strategy is to make disposable apps that appliance with just one click. Through social are rapidly created, used for a time, and media, they just as quickly and effortlessly discarded. stay in nearly constant contact with friends Two types of apps are emerging. The first and relatives—no matter where they live. type complements existing government ser- Thanks to the prevalence of these devices, vices and makes them more accessible. The concerns about the digital divide that were second, more intriguing type encourages the centerpiece of discussions about put- people to work closely with government ting government information on the Internet to do things no one had thought of doing a dozen years ago are largely moot. Privacy before, like rounding up volunteers to clean concerns also seem to be a nonissue for beaches after a holiday weekend. younger generations who are comfortable Other entities, with a variety of agendas, sharing almost any information. have also begun producing civic engage- In contrast, traditional ways of interacting ment apps. These entities can be startup with government—writing letters, attend- companies, social-minded organizations, ing town meetings, participating in focus not-for-profits, and traditional GIS partners. groups—seem cumbersome at best and Some companies seem dedicated to esri.com Spring 2012 au 33
  • 3. Civic engagement apps fall into seven categories: Public information Unsolicited comments Maps are being used with greater fre- Governments can learn about public opin- quency to communicate complex informa- ion on issues and the effects of events tion that would not be quickly grasped in through apps that gather constituents’ another format. These apps are effective at posts on social media sites such as Twitter addressing transparency concerns, provide and Flickr. Social media maps on events a channel for feedback, and communicate such as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill aggre- both where and why government money is gated and shared comments, photos, and being spent. Recovery.com, mapping the videos that greatly enhanced the informa- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act tion available on conditions. economic stimulus spending, is a good ex- ample of this type of app. Citizen as sensor The Crime Tips app, from Esri partners Public reporting The Omega Group and CitySourced, gives The Federal Communications Commission police many more eyes on the street. The (FCC) tapped into the power of crowd- iPhone/iPod/iPad app lets the user learn sourced information through the FCC Speed which crimes are happening nearby as well Test, an iPhone app that measures the qual- as anonymously report crime tips that will ity and speed of a consumer’s broadband be forwarded to authorities. connection. During the first six months it was available from the App Store, 1.2 million Volunteerism people downloaded the app and reported The Lifesaving App for the Android and back information that helped the agency iPhone, developed for the San Ramon plan infrastructure expansion and deter- Valley Fire Protection District by the mine policy. The captured data is visualized nonprofit PulsePoint Foundation, crowd- as a mapped surface that can be explored. sources Good Samaritans. In instances of cardiac arrest, time is vital. The Lifesaving Solicited comments App lets smartphone users volunteer to Apps don’t have to be forever. When the be notified if someone nearby needs CPR. Regional Transportation Commission of When a 911 call is received, the nearest Washoe County, Nevada, wanted citizen CPR volunteer, who is in the best position comment on the Reno Sparks Bicycle and to respond in timely fashion, receives infor- Pedestrian Master Plan, it worked with Esri mation on the incident. partner CitySourced to develop an app that would let residents identify the loca- Citizen as scientist tions for needed improvements, such as a Individuals can contribute to collective crosswalk or a bike lane, simply by taking knowledge with these apps. The free a photo of the location with a smartphone Mojave Desert Tortoise app lets users take and writing comments in a form. These a photo, find out more about this endan- comments were captured and displayed gered species, and note location and other on a web map. The app went up in summer information about an individual tortoise. 2010 and was taken down in early 2011.  The FCC Speed Test, an iPhone app that citizens download, measures the quality and speed of a consumer broadband connection and sends that information to the Federal Communications Commission. 34 au Spring 2012 esri.com
  • 4. Manager's Corner Save Time, Expense & Embarrassment! Spell check your maps with... v. 4.0  Reports sent using the Citizen Connect app for iPhone and Android smartphones are automatically fed into the City of Boston’s work order system. Residents can use the assigned tracking number to check on a request’s status. The extension corrects: disrupting government, while others devel- are integrated with business processes. • Tables op civic engagement apps to gain a compet- Rather than replacing the work of tradi- • Legends itive edge. In most cases, the apps are not tional GIS, these apps make the maps and • Layer labels integrated with government workflows. To data produced by GIS departments more • Scale objects the citizen, these apps appear to work, but useful and accessible to more people both because they don’t furnish information in a inside and outside government. These apps • Grouped graphics way government systems can easily use, the also elevate the value of the authoritative • Geodatabase annotations information they provide is not easily acted data produced by government GIS depart- • Map and layout annotations on by government. ments as people become dependent on Embracing civic engagement apps brings obtaining current, accurate data. new challenges and opportunities for GIS Beyond these general patterns of app And now... managers in local government. A compel- development previously cited, civic en- ling argument for taking ownership of civic engagement apps is to avoid problems gagement apps fall into seven categories (page 34) based on the type of interaction • Dynamic Text stemming from poor integration with back- they encourage: public information, public (75+ properties) office processes and take advantage of new reporting, solicited comments, unsolicited sources of geospatial information. comments, citizen as sensor, volunteerism, With these apps, usability is of paramount and citizen as scientist. FREE 90-Day Download importance. Conventions of a typical GIS in- Civic engagements apps have the poten- terface design may need to be abandoned tial to enlist new segments of the popula- U.S. Patent No. 7,681,126 ELA and volume discounts available in favor of ones that use interactions citizens tion—people who had not previously par- Esri trademarks provided under license from Esri will be familiar with. Another challenge as- ticipated in government—and bring their sociated with civic engagement apps is the concerns, insight, energy, and commitment 888-334-3832 design of workflows that take advantage of to reinvigorate government. This is an excit- www.Edgetech-US.com new sources of geospatial information and ing prospect. Edgetech America, Inc. An Esri partner since 1995 esri.com Spring 2012 au 35