3. In contrast to other new individual transport concepts the
“refuelling” infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) is
already in place
Page 3
4. Enablers for sustainable market penetration of
EVs/PHEVs are there
DRIVERS FOR E-MOBILITY
TCO and other advantages Range limitation (might be) solved
CO2-taxes and
Fuel prices Li-Ion-batteries Plug-in hybrids
framework
> Fuel prices on > EU: Strict fleet > Li-Ion-batteries > Range limitation
record level: emission targets with double solved by add-on
1,54 EUR / l1) (2012: <120 g/km) energy density combustion
> Long term > EU Penalties on compared to engine (range
forecast: real CO2-fleet emission NiMH extender)
stable to further incentivy OEMs to > Ranges sufficient > Sufficient
rising push e-mobility for everyday use recharge grid
> CO2-based taxes > Mass market expected
discussed production
> Local measures expected for 2010
1) 95 Octane, Mineralölwirtschaftsverband Juni 2008
Page 4
5. Over 20 EV/PHEV models from leading OEMs and
newcomers expected to enter market before 2012
OVERVIEW OF EV/PHEV GLOBAL OFFERING (ANNOUNCED) – 2008 TO 2012
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
A, B Think City Subaru Mitsubishi Nissan Cube 'Tata Nano Smart EV Mercedes Toyota VW
R1e iMiEV A-class EV? IQ, EV? UP, EV?
seg-
ment
Nice Cars Tata
Zero Indica
C, D XS 500 F6DM F3e; F3DM e6 Tesla
seg- Whitestar?
ment,
SUV
ZAP X Prius Plug-in GM Volt GM
Opel E-Flex Saturn Vue?
G
seg-
Tesla Fisker
ment Roadster Automotive
Page 5
6. Market scenarios: significant increase from 2015 – in
2020 up to 25% of all new cars could be EV/PHEV
MARKET SCENARIOS EV/PHEV GERMANY; LOW AND HIGH [2012 – 2030]
EV/PHEV of registration of new cars Germany [%]
> State incentives to reach CO2
Low <1% 1% 2% 2% fleet-targets (penalties for
High 1% 4% 23% 23% OEMs, CO2-taxes)
2012 2015 2020 2030 > Resulting pricing with positive
Total EV pool Germany ['000] impact on demand for
15.000 EV/PHEV
Low
2.400 > 2012-target of 120 g/km
High 2.100
achievable with optimizing
conventional technologies
350 > 2020-target of 95 g/km
20 25 85 250
requires introduction of
2012 2015 2020 2030 EV/PHEV
Total electricity demand [TWh]
> Total demand to reach 19 TWh
Low 0.02 0.1 0,4 2.8 – 3 % of total gross production
High 0.04 0.4 3.2 19.0 (637 TWh) in Germany
2012 2015 2020 2030
Page 6
7. RWE´s E-Mobility activities at a glance
• Effects of the mass
market introduction on
the grid
G4V Project Deliverable:
• System Services Deliverable:
EU-Level (7th FRP) • Bi-directionality System solution
System solution
• EU-scope Roll-Out/
Roll-Out/
Bi-directionality
Bi-directionality
National Approach • Development/ Test of Key
components
• Systemintegration and – Deliverable:
Deliverable:
Overall scalability of an Master system Specification
Specification
System • Business Modelling Control Center
Control Center
(List of Requ.))
Pilotproject Berlin (List of Requ.))
(Demonstration) • Pilotproject: Demomstration of
Master system (Feasibilty/
EV´s Deliverable:
Lessons Learnt) Deliverable:
Battery • Analyses of customer First medium
First medium
acceptance scale realization
scale realization
• Derivation of further
development needs/
Private Public
charging
Optimization loop
charging
E-DeMa - Entwicklung und
Demonstration dezentral vernetzter
Energiesysteme hin zum E-Energy
Standardization efforts Marktplatz der Zukunft Page 7
8. EV implication on Electricity Grids
> A mass market of EVs requires:
Car manufacturer Energy suppliers
– Innovative interactions between Customer-
Interface Billing
customer and several stakeholders
Charging point
Car
Charging- at home
control
– A common hardware solution for
maximum customer convenience
(socket – connector- charging point) Balancing & Billing
Car Information
Identification Public
Management charging poles
– Innovative communication and
data handling based on
standardized metering protocols
State of Energy Energy
Battery Generation
charge manage-
& Supply
ment
Page 8
9. The G4V project aims in respect of the current call
are…
> enabling the mass roll out of electric vehicles
> seize the opportunities of the different stakeholder
> minimize the risks for the
electricity grids
> ensure customer
convienience
Page 9
10. A sufficient recharge grid is a main driver for market
penetration of EVs/PHEVs
POTENTIAL LOCATIONS FOR RECHARGING STATIONS
At home Public parking At work Curb side
Type of
location
> Own garage or > Customer > Employee > Curb side
parking space parking parking
> Public
Ownership
> Private > Private > Private (City/
real estate
municipality)
> Existing > New
> Exisiting > Existing
Power connection of development /
connection of connection of
supply facility owner / connection
owner facility owner
employer with the grid
Page 10
11. Different scenarios have been developed to simulate
effects on grid
SCENARIOS FOR SIMULATION OF GRID IMPACT
Market stage Innovators Early adapters Mainstream market
> 100.000 EVs > 1.000.000 EVs/PHEVs > 10,000,000 EVs
> 8.000 km/a > 15,000 km/a > 12,000 km/a
> 0,1 kWh/km > 0.15 kWh/km > 0.25 kWh/km
Market data
> ~ 4 kWh/d > ~ 7.5 kWh/d > ~ 10 kWh/d
> 400 MWh/d > 7,500 MWh/d > 100 GWh/d
> 4.6kW one phase > 14kW 3 phase > 44 kW 3 phase
Power > 230V 20A > 0.4kV 20A > 0.4kV 63A
connection > not exposed
(V2G-applications)
Neglectable impact on Small impact on grid Significant impact on
Effects grid and generation and generation grid and generation
Page 11
13. E-Mobility Target is the development and
demonstration of the „Master System“ which can
handle the moving mobile customers
Targets of the RWE E-Mobility projects
Intelli- Safe Controlled Added
Vehicle Control Master
gent Re- Data Electricty Value
Interface Center system
charger network Grid Services
> Interface > intelli- > Test of > Usage > Centrali > Creation > Creation
R&D Vehcile gente Data- of E- zed of the of a list
– Recharg network Mobility Intellige baseme of
Recharg ing pole for function nce for nt for require-
eing Commu ality of E- V2G ments
pole nication Smart Mobility and for a
Grid G4V Master
system
Technical Test in Mülheim a.d.R. Pilot and Demonstration in Berlin
> Technical Test of technical/physical > Funcionality test of the Master System in
Developments in Mülheim with a small Berlin
Technical circle of customers with EVs (3-5 EV) > Large scale demonstration with broad
Test and
numbers of E-Vehicles and Customer
Demon-
> Development of customer solutions via
stration
the real test bed
Page 13
14. Huge existing demand on technical development in
Infrastructure for EV is adressed in the E-Mobility
projects
Vehicle
Safe Data-/ Added
Interface / Control Master
Battery EV / PHEVs Electricity value
Recharging Center System
Network services
Pole
Vertraulich
Fahrzeug Ladestation Control Center
("Konsument") ("Vermittler & Schalter") ("Intelligenz")
Ladeanfrage
Nutzer
Vermittlung Datenbank
ID Anfrage
ID Anfrage
Freigabe
Zähler startet Freigabe
Vermittlung
Strom fließt Freigabe Ticket,
Ticket oder oder Absage nach
Absage , max. 5 sec.
Absage
Fehler Signal
Gesicherte
Powerline
Internet
Verbindung
Verbindung
über Stecker
(IP VPN)
RWE AG 28.08.2008 SEITE 7
> Li-Ion- > Problems in > Massmarket > Derzeit > Centarlized > Technical > Holistic
Battery with driving maturity of vernetzte Intelligenz requirements Management
Energy ranges will Commu- Lade- / for a mass for of a broad
density 2x be solved nicationssolu Daten- und market realization of infrastructure
opposite to with Hybrid tions are not Strominfra- introduction V2G / G4V- for E-Mobiliy
NiMH concepts available struktur nicht nescessary r concepts isn´t exist in
> Useful (ICE/Range > No intelligent verfügbar > Great R&D- isn´t there in the moment
Range Extender) Recharging > Hoher F&E efforts are the moment > Great R&D
capacity concept Aufwand für needed efforts are
> Massmarket existing Entwicklung needed
capability in Smart Grid
2010 für E-
possible Mobilität
notwendig
Focus of existing
Technology focus of RWE E-Mobility project
Initatives
Page 14
15. In the large scale Project E-Mobility Berlin the Master
system will be developed and the Maturity of the
technical solutions for a massenmarket prepared
Stage I (2009) Stage II (2010/2011)
Technical Trial Mülheim a.d.Ruhr and Demon-
Development Master System
Demonstration in Berlin stration
> Development of an integrated > Functionality Test of the scalability of the Control > Large-
Master System – Key components: Center – handling of greater numbers E-Vehicles and scale
– Elektric Vehicle, incl. Battery- Customers Demon-
technology > Customer solutions in a real Environment stration in
Gemany
– Recharging Infrastructure, incl. – Examination of Customer behaviour &
to
Nessescary Communication acceptance
accelerate
technology – Sufficient numbers and „supply“ area to define the
the mass
– Electricity Supply, incl. optimal Recharging Infrasstructure
market
Generation mix and Integration of – Waht are the attractive Locations for Recharging introducti
Vehicle-to-grid functionalities poles on
> Clear Orientation on Customer > In Summ > 100 E-Fahrzeuge of the brand smart / > Projects
Solutions Mercedes-Benz and in the first instance ca. 500 with further
Recharging points provided by RWE Partners
– Mobility offers
> In a pre phase all technical trials in Mülheim
– Integration of local B2B partner
Page 15
16. Beside the technical developments some other
obstacles has to be solved –
dedicated parking space:
Detailing of the Location View
> In front of shops (Douglas) und Cinema „Paris“
> First two parking lots side by side on the mid street area
> West of Uhlandstraße
Kriterien für Standortwahl
> Passer-by frequency: niedrig hoch
> Attractiveness of Shops:
niedrig hoch
> Estm. parking time [min]: <30 30-60 >60
> Further Advantages: High visbility from both
Street sides
Section of City map
Parking informations
Managing time: 09:00 – 22:00 (Zone 7)
Free of charge: 22:00 – 09:00
Page 16
17. Standardisation is needed to enable the EV user to re-
charge at any charging station without different
connectors
Hardware Communication
Cable/ connection Communication protocols
1
> On the basis of the
load needed
3 2
Mechanical protection 1 TCP/IP (e.g. Powerline)
2 Communication via TCP/IP in the grid (e.g.
DSL via concentrator) or wireless
communication TCP/IP (e.g.. GSM)
3 Optional: wireless communication TCP/IP
(e.g. GSM)
Page 17
18. Standardization benefits customers, utilities and OEMs
Benefits from standardization
For customers For Utilities/OEMs
> High convenience > Cost benefits
– One single solution worldwide – No sunk costs for proprietary interim
– No adapters or different cables needed solutions
> Faster electric vehicle run-up/market – Shared development and
success standardization costs
> No retrofit costs for adopting to new – Economies of scale
charging systems
Page 18
19. An OEM/Utility standardization initiative was started
end of 2008 to accelerate and improve standards
definition
Page 19
20. OEM/Utility standardization initiative will ensure a
common technical approach
REASONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE OEM/UTILITY STANDARDIZATION INITIATIVE
OEM/Utility standardization initiative Benefits of OEM/Utility standardization
process initiative
> One single position to speed up
the standardization process
> One common standard already for
the first generation infrastructure/
OEM/Utility Standardization Initiative vehicles
25:11
29:01
> Clear development roadmap
20:02
11:03
Page 20
21. Let us work together to construct the pathway which
makes the mass market introduction of E-Mobility
possible !!!
Page 21
22. More time to talk ? More questions ?
> Backup
Page 22
23. Electric mobility enables efficient integration of RES
Network integration is decisive for business model:
“Vehicle to Grid” (V2G) requires “Grid for Vehicle” (G4V)
Use of “plug-in” capable vehicles as distributed mass storage systems for
providing system services
+ Error tolerant
+ Regionally controllable
+ Cost effective due to double use
+ Additional energy sales
Bottlenecks:
- Battery storage (techn.)
- Grid connection (economic)
- Poss. greater loads in the low voltage Just 660,000 vehicles would be able to provide
sector in the low tension grid more balancing power (for approx. 1h) than all of the
German pumped-storage hydroelectricity plants
combined.
Source: Fraunhofer ISI, Fraunhofer ICT, RWTH Aachen
Page 23
23
26. E-Mobility was the initiator of the de facto-
standardization efforts in Europe
Essential contribution for the Innovation position Germany
Innovative Informations- and Innovative Innovations in Positioning of the
Communication technologies Systemintegration electricty network for E-Mobility
> Entwicklung innovativer > Innovationen in der System- > Entwicklung Grundlagen für
Informations- und integration von Elektrofahrzeug, Aufrüstung Stromnetz mit
Kommunikationslösungen im Ladeinfrastruktur, Stromnetz- und intelligenten Funktionen
Bereich E-Mobilität zentrale Intelligenz (Control (Beispiel: Integration Multi-Utility-
> Entwicklung neuer und / oder Center) in Deutschland Communication (MUC))
Adaption bestehender > Erstmalige großflächige > Grundlagenentwicklung von
Protokolle / Standards für Demonstration in Deutschland V2G- und G4V-Anwendungen
Datenaustausch durch Gesamtsystemlösung
> Schaffung Quasi-Standard für (damit Erhöhung Potenzial
Schnittstelle Ladestation Erneuerbare Energie)
Page 26
28. Use of three phase power
Power vs. copper cross section for single phase, two phase (phase-to-phase) and three
phase
50 Three phase 400V (4 wire)
45
Three phase 400V (5 wire)
40
Maximum power [kW]
Phase-to-phase 400V (3
35
wire)
30 Single phase 230V (3 wire)
25
20 DIN VDE 0298 Teil 4:2003
Empfohlene Werte für die
15 Strombelastbarkeit
10 von Kabel und Leitungen
für feste Verlegung in
5
Gebäuden
0 d fl ibl L it
0 20 40 60 80
Total copper cross section [mm²]
Page 28
