Click Here http://www.eacademy4u.com/ Online Educational Website For You

1. BIOS / CMOS

2. BIOS
• BIOS is a collection of programs embedded in one or
more chips
Functions of BIOS
POST Setup BIOS Bootstrap Loader

3. BIOS
• POST – Tests computer’s processor, memory,
chipset, video, adapter, disk controllers, disk drives,
keyboard and other components
• Setup – Enables you to configure the motherboard
and chipset settings
• BIOS - Collection of actual drivers which act as a
basic interface between the OS and your hardware
• Bootstrap Loader - Job of this program to load the
OS from the floppy disk or the hard disk into the
computer’s main memory (RAM)

4. ROM Shadowing
• Accesses to the BIOS code are very slow relative to
accesses to code in the system memory
• Technique that is used to increase the computer's
speed
• During this process the contents of a ROM are
directly copied to the extended memory.
• Extended memory is given the same address as that
of the ROM. The original ROM is disabled and the
new location is then write protected

5. Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)
• Enables you to control and troubleshoot the
system and the different hardware components
before loading the operating system
• Types of BIOS chips
– Rectangular shaped 32-pin Dual In-line Package
(DIP)
– Square 28-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
(PLCC)

6. Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)
• Runs the power-on self-test (POST) when the
system starts
• Receives signals from the hardware
• Loads the custom settings from the CMOS that
stores the BIOS settings
• Displays the settings
• Locates the bootable devices and loads the
operating system from the bootable device

7. Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (CMOS)
• Memory chip located on the motherboard that stores
the BIOS settings
• Battery must be replaced when it becomes weak
or you may lose the stored BIOS settings
• Receives power from the battery that is installed
on the motherboard
• Clear the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS using the
jumpers located on the motherboard or by removing the
battery from the motherboard

8. Upgrading the BIOS
Two ways for
upgrading a
Motherboard BIOS
Replacing
Performing
Physical
a Flash
BIOS Chip
Update

9. Upgrading the BIOS
• back up the BIOS values so that you can restore the
BIOS when the system crashes or malfunctions after
changing the BIOS values
• When seeking a BIOS upgrade for a particular
motherboard (or system), you need to know the
following:
• Model of the motherboard (or system).
• Manufacturer, date and version of the existing BIOS.
• Type of CPU.

10. BIOS Setup Utility
• Enables you to modify the settings and store them
in the CMOS
• Enables you to control the boot sequence
• Changes the BIOS setting to correct any hardware
problems

11. BIOS Main Menu Page
• Displays the different BIOS options which can be
changed

12. Standard CMOS Setup Page
• Enables you to set the basic settings of the system such as the
date and time, hard disk settings, and diskette drive settings

13. Advanced Setup Page
• Enables you to access the advanced functions of
the BIOS such as Boot Devices, S.M.A.R.T. for Hard
Disks, Boot Up Num-Lock, Floppy Drive Swap
about the system

14. Power Management Setup Page
• Sets the parameters such as Standby Time Out, Suspend
Time Out, Ring On Power On for the system power
management operation

15. PCI / Plug and Play Setup Page
• Enables the system to automatically search for
new hardware connected to the system
• Automatically search for the drivers to use the
device

16. Applying Settings
• Applying Optimal settings enables to set the
default options
• Best Performance Settings enables to set BIOS
options to make the system perform at best level

17. Features Setup Page
• Controls the built-in motherboard components

18. CPU PnP Setup Page
• Enables to change the microprocessor settings, to
adjust the speed of the microprocessor

19. Hardware Monitor Page
• Displays the system hardware details
• Enables to monitor the system to prevent
overheating

20. Setting the BIOS Password
• Protects the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS
• Password option from the Advanced Setup page
should be enabled
• Prompts to enter the password before accessing
the Setup Utility

21. Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes
Number of Beeps Solving Problem
1 Short Beep System OK. If system does not start check that the
power and data cables are properly connected
2 / 3 / 4 Short Beeps Check that the RAM and Video Adapter cards are
properly connected.
5 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly installed. Check that
the microprocessor is properly installed.
Replace the microprocessor or the motherboard.
6 Short Beeps Check or replace keyboard.

22. Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes
7 Short Beeps
Check the processor and heat sink are properly installed
8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.
Replace the video card.
9 Short Beeps Check that the BIOS chip is properly connected.
Update or Replace the BIOS chip.
10 Short Beeps Replace the battery or CMOS chips.
11 Short Beeps Check the cache settings from BIOS and check that the Cache
memory chip is properly connected.
Replace the Cache memory chip.
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly connected.
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.
Replace the video card.