SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  87
Urban Food Clusters and a
Proposed Food Corridor for
Raleigh

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://ecosistemaurbano.com/portfolio/ecological-reconfiguration-of-an-urban-center/

CLUSTERS

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014

CORRIDORS
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
global issues:

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
global issues:

ASPO USA http://peak-oil.org/peak-oil-reference/peak-oil-data/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
global issues:

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
regional/national issues:
“the loss of 2,700 farms (since 2007) is
troubling at a time when worldwide
demand for food continues to grow. We
also know that North Carolina is gaining
about 100,000 people a year, which will
only increase the pressure on farmland.”
Steve Troxler, quoted on NC Dept of Ag and Consumer Services webpage
http://www.ncagr.gov/paffairs/release/2014/2-14ag-census.htm

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
regional/national issues:

http://www.agreenerlifeagreenerworld.net/2013/09/editorial-how-to-stop-food-waste.html

40% of US food
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
regional/national issues:

1 in 6 Americans faces hunger
Feeding America
http://feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/hunger-facts/child-hunger-facts.aspx

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
regional/national issues:

Obesity
http://www.maxmasnick.com/2011/11/15/obesity_by_county/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
regional/national issues:
Obesity costs North Carolina $17.6 Billion
annually.
In 2010 North Carolina ranked 10th most
obese state, and 5th worst in childhood
obesity.
- Eat Smart Move More NC

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
local issues:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WalMart_Supercenter_Albany.jpg

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
local issues:

Food deserts in Raleigh
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas.aspx#.UoKW6hayQwM

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
local issues:
“incredible wealth and
advantage thrive alongside
increasingly intractable
pockets of concentrated
disadvantage”

http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2013/11/why-it-so-incredibly-difficult-fight-urban-inequality/7519/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
local issues:

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
from “Cities, Poverty, and Food: Multi-Stakeholder Policy and Planning in Urban
Agriculture”,MarianneDubbeling et al.

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.cityfarmer.info

Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.momzoolife.com/category/the-homestead/

Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Home gardens

Vertical systems

Community gardens
Farm training

Community composting

Urban farms

Local aggregators

Municipal compost

Food Banks
Farmers markets
Farm to School Farmstands

Festivals

Food incubators

Co-op groceries

City Food markets
Farm to table

Cottage industry

Local/urban food brings
solutions

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=3541

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
FOOD BUSINESS INCUBATOR
OFFICE SPACE
JOB TRAINING
URBAN FARMING
PRODUCTION KITCHEN
TEACHING GARDEN
http://www.crossstpartners.com/Baltimore_Food_Collaborative_Campus.html
FARM STAND

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Clusters work because related
organizations and institutions
gain mutual advantage through
proximity and interconnection.

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Harlem
Children’s
Zone
http://urbanschoolfoundation.wordpress.com/2011/
04/08/entrepreneur-in-focus-geoffrey-canada/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
5 points for an

URBAN FOOD
INNOVATION
CORRIDOR
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Point 1: focused area
A focused area, small enough to work and big enough
to inspire, that can expand as needed.

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Location depends on reading the city
through multiple disciplines: appropriate
choiceConference, March 8, 2014 essential
AHA DigIn! of location is
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
reading your place

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
reading your place

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
reading your place

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
reading your place

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
“we have been able to grow the worker
pool by attracting a good deal of the
graduates from the local colleges with a
great quality of life at an affordable price.
In turn, it’s attracted companies in search
of talent.”
-Harvey Schmitt, Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
2010: 403,892 population
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
2030: 800,000 population
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
“Raleigh must figure out where to
put 120,000 dwelling units and
170,000 jobs in the next 20 years.”
http://raleighpublicrecord.org/news/2013/02/11/raleigh-planners-look-to-roi-for-future-growth/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
“urban farming and local food movements
are increasing in popularity and
profitability as the eco-conscious
Millennials and the health-conscious
boomers increasingly demand to know
what’s in their food and where it comes
from”
-Nate Abrams, www.policymic.com

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
local issues:
“incredible wealth and
advantage thrive alongside
increasingly intractable
pockets of concentrated
disadvantage”

http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2013/11/why-it-so-incredibly-difficult-fight-urban-inequality/7519/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
“when any of our systems are broken, the
pain is usually felt first – and worst – in
those communities that historically have
been excluded from opportunity and
access.”
-Hesterman. Fair Food

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Food deserts in Raleigh
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas.aspx#.UoKW6hayQwM

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Point 1: focused area
Point 2: existing assets
If we build off of existing food
assets, markets, organizations, and needs, we can go
further with less

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Point 1: focused area
Point 2: existing assets
Point 3: food projects are tools

Local and urban food gives us a toolbox with multiple
benefits, that can link diverse neighborhoods using
food system opportunities.

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
from “Cities, Poverty, and Food: Multi-Stakeholder Policy and Planning in Urban
Agriculture”,MarianneDubbeling et al.

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Home gardens

Vertical systems

Community gardens
Farm training

Community composting

Urban farms
Local aggregators

Municipal compost
Farmers markets
Farmstands
Festivals

Food incubators

Co-op groceries

City Food markets
Farm to table

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014

Cottage industry
What might happen
on the Corridor?

What tangible benefits
might result?

Fresh food distribution
Healthy corner stores
Home garden + community
garden programs
Urban farms
Community kitchens
Composting centers
Events and Art
Walking trails, signs, mileage
Catalytic investments:
hubs, incubators, schools
Farm to restaurant, farm to school
Farmers markets (more)
Branded district + agri-tourism
Lots more . . .

Food access
Food jobs
Garden opportunities
Physical activity and obesity
prevention
Crime reduction
Civic participation
Solid waste reduction
Stormwater management
Vacant lot maintenance savings
Active public space
Greenhouse gas reductions
Sense of place
Community social capital
Higher home ownership
Increased property value
Stronger local economy

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Point 1: focused area
Point 2: existing assets
Point 3: food projects are tools
Point 4: think clusters
Clustering food projects together provides mutual
benefit through proximity,
and shared marketing and branding opportunities

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.local8now.com/news/headlines/Rogero-vows-to-press-ahead-with-Urban-Food-Corridor198483091.html

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.intervale.org/what-we-do/mission-vision/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://eventful.com/burlington/venues/intervale-center-/V0-001-001509410-9

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014

http://www.intervale.org/free-public-tours-at-the-intervalecenter/
Point 1: focused area
Point 2: existing assets
Point 3: food projects are tools
Point 4: clusters
Point 5: let communities fill the vision
The corridor is a framework - imagine an open
scaffolding – where projects, organizations, and
communties define their own patterns of flexibility and
self-expression

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.foodtechconnect.com/2011/07/14/usda-launches-online-food-hub-resource/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
http://www.etsy.com/blog/en/2010/food-justice-at-earthworks-urban-farm/

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
What’s a Food Corridor Process?

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
Stakeholder
outreach

AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014

Partnerships +
capacity building

Local
actions
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014
thank you
AHA DigIn! Conference, March 8, 2014

Contenu connexe

Similaire à DigIn! Conference March 8 2014 Erin White

What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?
What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?
What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?Networked Insights
 
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food Systems
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food SystemsIndiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food Systems
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food SystemsScott Hutcheson, Ph.D.
 
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009Rachel Weidinger
 
Sustainability for Everyone
Sustainability for EveryoneSustainability for Everyone
Sustainability for Everyoneethompson2012
 
Navigating environmental issues
Navigating environmental issuesNavigating environmental issues
Navigating environmental issuesNYFEA
 
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpoint
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC PowerpointAgricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpoint
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpointhoonio
 
Presentation Draft 03
Presentation Draft 03Presentation Draft 03
Presentation Draft 03Johanny PEREZ
 
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docxalinainglis
 
US consumer trends report
US consumer trends reportUS consumer trends report
US consumer trends reportTuan Anh Nguyen
 
2017 us-trends-full-report
2017 us-trends-full-report2017 us-trends-full-report
2017 us-trends-full-reportBasil Boluk
 
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)Leigh Anne Hogue
 
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeepingNadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeepingMark M. Miller
 
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?How you can promote World Food Day 2023?
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?Christina Parmionova
 
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NC
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NCDesigning Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NC
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NCErin White
 

Similaire à DigIn! Conference March 8 2014 Erin White (20)

What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?
What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?
What Can Big Grocery Learn from Farmers' Markets Using Social Data?
 
Guide to Urban Farming in New York State
Guide to Urban Farming in New York StateGuide to Urban Farming in New York State
Guide to Urban Farming in New York State
 
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food Systems
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food SystemsIndiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food Systems
Indiana Flavor: Creating Local & Regional Food Systems
 
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009
Sustainable Food 2.0 #Savefood at SXSW Interactive 2009
 
Sustainability for Everyone
Sustainability for EveryoneSustainability for Everyone
Sustainability for Everyone
 
Navigating environmental issues
Navigating environmental issuesNavigating environmental issues
Navigating environmental issues
 
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpoint
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC PowerpointAgricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpoint
Agricultural Economic Development: Internal ESLC Powerpoint
 
Improving Access to Healthy Foods
Improving Access to Healthy FoodsImproving Access to Healthy Foods
Improving Access to Healthy Foods
 
Presentation Draft 03
Presentation Draft 03Presentation Draft 03
Presentation Draft 03
 
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docx
 
Sustainable Life Radio Show
Sustainable Life Radio ShowSustainable Life Radio Show
Sustainable Life Radio Show
 
US consumer trends report
US consumer trends reportUS consumer trends report
US consumer trends report
 
US Consumer trends report 2017
US Consumer trends report 2017US Consumer trends report 2017
US Consumer trends report 2017
 
2017 us-trends-full-report
2017 us-trends-full-report2017 us-trends-full-report
2017 us-trends-full-report
 
US Consumer Trends Report
US Consumer Trends ReportUS Consumer Trends Report
US Consumer Trends Report
 
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)
Public Market and Food Hub Report(1)
 
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeepingNadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
 
Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Food Security
Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Food SecurityUrban Agriculture for Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Food Security
Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Food Security
 
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?How you can promote World Food Day 2023?
How you can promote World Food Day 2023?
 
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NC
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NCDesigning Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NC
Designing Community Food Ecosystems from the Ground Up in Raleigh NC
 

Plus de Erin White

Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food Systems
Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food SystemsAdaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food Systems
Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food SystemsErin White
 
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015Erin White
 
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food SystemsErin White
 
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation Corridor
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation CorridorFebruary 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation Corridor
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation CorridorErin White
 
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBedsErin White
 
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation Corridor
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation CorridorDec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation Corridor
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation CorridorErin White
 

Plus de Erin White (6)

Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food Systems
Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food SystemsAdaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food Systems
Adaptive Food System Planning for Place-Based Food Systems
 
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015
Kickoff of the Capital Area Food Network, Jan 26 2015
 
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems
2014-05-30 Design in Urban Food Systems
 
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation Corridor
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation CorridorFebruary 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation Corridor
February 25 2014, Urban Food Innovation Corridor
 
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds
2014 02-19 BeyondRaisedBeds
 
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation Corridor
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation CorridorDec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation Corridor
Dec 10 2013 Urban Food Innovation Corridor
 

DigIn! Conference March 8 2014 Erin White

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. This is the source of food for most of us. If this is our only experience, the idea of clusters or corridors is hard to get excited about. Food isn’t complicated…
  2. Before we get into clusters and corridors, let’s talk about food. The need to solve food is connected across global, regional, and community levels.The benefits we can realize from food often emerge at the community and local levels.Global pressures:Energy costs, Rising population,Climate unpredictability: Threaten mainstream global food supply
  3. Regional:Losing farmersLosing farmland. Threatens regional economy, open space, and food securityCheck out CEFS
  4. Economic: food system is an effective way to remove capital from a community
  5. Social: “incredible wealth and advantage thrive alongside increasingly intractable pockets of concentrated disadvantage”
  6. Social: “incredible wealth and advantage thrive alongside increasingly intractable pockets of concentrated disadvantage”
  7. Local, urban:Public health + obesity,Hunger,Loss of sense of place,Pockets of poverty,Polarized and disconnected society. Threatens quality of life and opportunities for social equity and inclusion
  8. Food is a PRODUCT when solving global hunger, or stocking a supermarket.Food becomes a TOOL for innovation when seen as a solution for local challenges.
  9. local food brings solutionsThis makes sense if you think about how cities formed, evolved, and thrived in parallel with agriculture. Not until the railroads, refrigeration, autos, epidemiology, and efficient modernist zoning that separated uses in cities did agriculture separate from cities.
  10. local food brings solutionsThis makes sense if you think about how cities formed, evolved, and thrived in parallel with agriculture. Not until the railroads, refrigeration, autos, epidemiology, and efficient modernist zoning that separated uses in cities did agriculture separate from cities.
  11. local food brings solutionsThis makes sense if you think about how cities formed, evolved, and thrived in parallel with agriculture. Not until the railroads, refrigeration, autos, epidemiology, and efficient modernist zoning that separated uses in cities did agriculture separate from cities.
  12. For small businesses and business types with slim margins, it’s a big dealExplain clusters:What’s a cluster? Abstract idea, can take many forms, sizes, industries.These are transferable ideas.Economic, ecological, and social reasons for clustersExample of the chdf talking to the farmer, passersby sees and remembers, tourist asks whats going on?
  13. Called "one of the most ambitious social-service experiments of our time," by The New York Times, the Harlem Children's Zone Project is a unique, holistic approach to rebuilding a community so that its children can stay on track through college and go on to the job market.The goal is to create a "tipping point" in the neighborhood so that children are surrounded by an enriching environment of college-oriented peers and supportive adults, a counterweight to "the street" and a toxic popular culture that glorifies misogyny and anti-social behavior. 17000 kids, 100 blocks. Started as 2 blocks, as a cluster of services
  14. Multiple factors must be considered, and this is where you must bridge disciplines. You must use a systems approach to link opportunities with needs.
  15. Like any project, must balance pragmatism and idealism – this favors opportunism, this favors the low-hanging fruit. We don’t have unlimited resources. Reading the city, and knowing how local food works, lets us find the opportunities to align interests, to build collaborative inspiration and common purpose
  16. Let’s start by admitting that we have hunger and health and poverty problems, we have social inequity, we have a desire to attract new, talented people and businesses and opportunity to Raleigh, and we all want fresh, healthy, and affordable food.
  17. Social: “incredible wealth and advantage thrive alongside increasingly intractable pockets of concentrated disadvantage”
  18. What does it mean for our city? How does a city relate to food?Can we create a connection between the local food movement and the needs for equity and opportunity in excluded communities?
  19. Pragmatism. Being smart about new investment, reading your place, and making decisions that will strengthen what is there at the same time you build new opportunity around it.
  20. Sidewalks – can we get more people out on them? Bike lanes – can we use them for bike vegetable delivery?10 bus lines run along or cross the corridor, not including the Moore Sq station, where 21 city bus lines and 11 Triangle Transit lines converge13000-14000 car trips per day are made along Blount and Person streets
  21. Capacity building includes funds, resources (manpower, connections, influence), and stakeholder initiatives