This document discusses approaches to mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA) into development planning through case studies from UNDP work. It describes integrating CCA at various levels and stages of the policy planning cycle from national to sub-national to project levels. Core elements of successful mainstreaming include reflecting vulnerability risks and resilience strategies in laws and policies, appraising priority CCA actions, and establishing effective monitoring and evaluation systems. Case studies demonstrate mainstreaming CCA into budgeting in Thailand, hazard risk mapping in Rwanda linking disaster risk reduction and CCA, and legal/regulatory reforms in Vietnam.

1. Mainstreaming CCA into development planning:
Approaches and Case Studies from UNDP work
Glenn Hodes & Rohini Kohli

2. Understanding “mainstreaming”
CC risks and adaptation options are integrally
reflected in decision-making and planning
processes….
…By leveraging entry points at various levels, stages of
policy and planning, and programmatic interventions.
…Thus, neither ad hoc nor stand-alone projects or processes.

3. Integrating Climate
Change into Planning
and Budgeting
National
Development
Plans &
Budget/MTEF
Sector Plans &
Guidance
Sub-national
Plans & Budget
Allocations
Project
Formulation
Guidance &
Practice
Program/Project
Implementation
Monitoring,
Reporting &
Evaluation
Sector Performance
Review & Impact
Evaluation
National Planning &
Budgeting Cycle

4. Sector Plans Reflect
CCA & Policy
Targets/Guidance
District Vulnerability
Assessments,
Adaptation Plans &
Budgets
Adaptation
projects costed
& prioritized
National
Adaptation
Plan
Implementing
adaptation
practices
Adaptation
Impact
monitoring
Review
effectiveness of
CCA measures
National Planning &
Budgeting Process &
Adaptation Entry Points
National
Development
Plans &
Budget/MTEF
Sector Plans &
Guidance
Sub-National Plans
& Budget
Allocations
Project
Formulation
Guidance &
Practice
Program/Project
Implementation
Monitoring,
Reporting &
Evaluation
Sector Performance
Review & Impact
Evaluation

5. • Limited understanding of how sectoral plans and programs
would be affected by CC.
• Lack of incentives or political will by functional/line ministries
to implement national CC actions.
• Limited capacity of functional/line ministries to undertake
CBA & investment appraisal of programs
• Few guidelines or incentivizes to integrate CCA into resource
mobilization strategies.
• Weak internal systems and institutional co-ordination
arrangements
Typical Institutional Barriers

6. Vulnerability risk
and CCA resiliency
strategies are
integrally reflected
in laws, policies
and strategies
Priority CCA
Actions Appraised
and Costed
Weather/Climate
Information Systems
effectively linked to
preparedness and
institutional
coordination
mechanisms
Planning and
budgeting systems
fully integrate CCA
actions
Clear results &
target indicators
identified and
effective M&E
systems in place
“Resource
mobilization”
strategies
(funding,
knowledge,
technologies)
CCA mainstreaming action implemented in practice
Core Elements of Mainstreaming Processes

7. National Risk Map Atlas - Rwanda

8. Mapping drought and flooding vulnerabilities

9. Case Study: Hazard Risk Mapping Linking DRR & CCA
Risk Ratings in National Contingency Plan (2014)
Risk identified Likelihood Impact
Disease outbreak 4.00 4.55
Flood 4.20 4.18
Drought 3.75 4.25
Fire 3.73 3.23
Pest invasion 3.00 3.00
Fire
3.73
Disease
Out break
4.00
Drought
3.75
Pest Invasion 3
Flood
4.20
Hazardwiseriskranking
Likelihood
risk
• Linking Hazard Mapping to Contingency
Planning at District, Regional, National Levels
• National-level mapping of weather-related
hazards and development of a database.
• Strengthened national reporting
• Knowledge management, advocacy, and
capacity building activities for government
officials, academia, CSOs and CBOs
The Gambia

10. 1. Climate-responsive budgeting as means to improve policy choices,
institutional co-ordination and overall NAP process.
2. “Bottom up” focus initiated at functional/line ministry level, starting with
agriculture, while engaging Bureau of Budget, ONEP in parallel.
3. Appropriate screening guidelines and investment appraisal methods to
quantify risks and benefits developed applicable by key sectors.
4. Capacity building through pilot projects and programs: walk key stakeholders
through budget cycle entry points. Preliminary analysis on five adaptation
projects under MoAC, with two in-depth.
Case Study : Mainstreaming CCA in Budgeting
in Thailand

11. Flood
Diversion
Scheme
1
2
3
Expansion of existing Chainat -
Pasak Canals
Construction of new Rama VI
diversion dams
Construction of new flood
drainage canal
Installation of SCADA and
telemetery
1
2
3

12. 1975 1983 1995 2002 20061942 20112010
8 yrs 12 yrs 7 yrs 4 yrs 4 yrs 1 yr33 yrs
Flood events in Chao Phraya river basin
25 river
basins
The Great Chao
Phraya river
basin
Total area: 2.03 Mha
Flood risk:
-Moderate [4-5 times/9yrs]
0.16 Mha (8% of total area)
- High [> 5times/9yrs]
0.13 Mha (6.6% of total area)
พื้นที่เสี่ยงภัยน้ำท่วม
เสี่ยงต่ำ (น้ำท่วม1-3ในรอบ10ปี)
เสี่ยงปำนกลำง (น้ำท่วม4-5ในรอบ10ปี)
เสี่ยงสูง (น้ำท่วม6-10ในรอบ10ปี)
Low risk
Moderate risk
High risk
Flood Risk Area
Context

13. Metric Figure
Cost 63,180 Million Baht
Benefit 77,307 Million Baht
EIRR 14.52%
NPV 14,126 Million Baht
B/C ratio 1.22
Shorter
Investment
Return Period
Losses &
Damages
Anxiety
& Stress
Baseline With CC
Metric Figure
Cost 63,180 Million Baht
Benefit 294,973 Million Baht
EIRR 43.91%
NPV 231,793 Million Baht
BCA 4.67
Case Study: CBA of Flood Diversion Infrastructure Project

14. • MARD adopted a ministerial directive (QD 819/BNN-KHCN of 14 March 2016)
for mainstreaming CC into long & short-term plans.
– Builds on Law on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (2013) and Resolution 24-NQ/TW on
“Proactive response to CC, strengthening NRM, and environmental protection” (2013).
• Means to facilitate compliance and integrated reporting of all sub-sectors in
National Action Plan on CC Response to Agricultural Development (2016-
2020) as well as the implementation of the INDC with 22 sector measures.
• Action plan covers CSA shifts, technology needs, and improvements to M&E
and weather forecasting/EWS.
• Provincial and local level regulations under formulation to ensure coherency,
esp. for IWRM and link to local socioeconomic development plans.
Case Study: Legal/regulatory reforms in Vietnam

15. Thank you for your attention.