http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership This presentation was made during the NENA soil partnerhip Conference that took place in Amman, Jordan 17-19 June 2014. This presentation was made by Hedi Hamrouni, and it presents Status, Priorities and Needs for Sustainable Soil Management in Tunisia. ©FAO: http://www.fao.org

1. MENA Soil Partnership Conference
Amman, Jordan 17-19 June 2014
Status, Priorities and Needs For
Sustainable Soil Management in
Tunisia
Hédi HAMROUNI
Director of Soil Resources
Ministry of Agriculture -Tunisia
E-mail : hamrouni_hd@yahoo.fr

2. STATUS OF SOIL RESOURCES

3. French Classification
1973
Scale: 1/500 000

4. USA Classification
Cooperation: ACSAD- Ministry
of Agriculture

5. WRB National MAP
Will Be affined
 SOIL MAP

6. Exemple of Local Soil Map
N
Sols minéraux bruts
Sols peu évoluésd'apport
Rendzines
Sols brunscalcaires
Sols gypseux
Sols halomorphes
Sols hydromorphes
Unitéscomplexes de sol
Oued
Sols isohumiques chataîns
520000
520000
540000
540000
560000
560000
580000
580000
600000
600000
620000
620000
640000
640000
3700000 3700000
3720000 3720000
3740000 3740000
3760000 3760000
3780000 3780000
0 20000 40000 Meters
LEGENDE
REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE
MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE
CARTEPEDOLOGIQUE
DUGOUVERNORATDEGABES

7. DETAILED SURVEY
 At different Scale 1/5000 1/10 000 1/50 000
1/ 100 000 1/200 000
 For different Agriculture Objectif ( Aptitude
for Irrigated area - Aptitude for Wheat …)

8. PROBLEMATIC OF NATIONAL RESOURCE
Soils
Medeterraneen climat and saharien
6% Sub humid
16,4% Semi-arid
77,6% Arid and desertic
 Bioclimatic variability (North to South)
 Area 16,4 million ha 5,3 million ha agriculture land
3,8 million ha fertile land
 Pedologic area is influenced by
• Anthropic
• Aridity
• Scararty of rain
Climatic facteur

9. PROBLEMATIC OF SOIL RESOURCE
Fertility of soil
In the North
Semi arid superior
Acid soil
•Originaly soil is poor-----humus is acid
•Problem of nitrogen (percolation)
•Problem link with pH of soil (calcarous)
•Retrogradation of phosphore
•Mineralisation of organic matter
•Insolubilisation of traces elements
•Nitrogen balance put constraint

10. PROBLEMATIC OF SOIL RESOURCE
Fertility of soil
In Sandy soil (in disertic zones)
•Low of mineral elements link with climatic aridity
•Mobility of elements is low
•In irrigation condition, humus is melt down (soil
poor)
•Irrigation is associeted by conditionnement of soil and fertilisation
In arid zones

11. PROBLEMATIC OF SOIL RESOURCE
Salinity
Salty soil is estimeded 1,5 million ha
30% of water > 3g/l

About of 100000 ha Sensible of Salinity and
Waterlogging

Actualy irrigated area is about 410000 ha


15. SOIL SALINITY MAP

16. SOIL SALINITY RISQUE MAP

17. Thematique map

18. pH Map
Le pH est généralement alcalin avec quelques zones à pH neutre
et acide
0 10000 20000

19. Total Calcaire %
TotalCalcaire (%)
Les sols les plus calcaires se situent au sud-ouest ( teneur dépasse les 50% des
fois).
Moyenne régionale 19,7
Sejnene 2,2
Ghezala 28,3

20. Organic Matter (%)
Moyenne régionale 1,80
M.Jémil 1,20
Mateur 2,20

21. Classes of sensibility of oil for salinity
5%
19%
29%
43%
4%
No Sensibility
Low Sensibility
Medium sensibility
Hight Sensibility
Very Hight Sensibility

24. PROBLEMATIC OF WATER RESOURCE
 Annual average rain fall : 245mm
 Equivalent of 36 billions m3 of rain water
•41% in the North
•20% in the center
•30% in the saouth
 Water resources is : 4,7 milliard m3
•2,7 milliard m3 surface water
•2 milliard m3 deep groand water and phreatic zone water
 Constraint of water resources
•Fragility of hydrogeologic system (irrigualarity of alimentation of
phreatic zone and the caractere fossil of deep ground water
•Variability of rainfull inter annual
•Scariaty of rain (in the center and in the saouth)

25. LUS V-3 Après Les évaluations Locales -21 LUS

26. Types de Dégradations des Terres
Types of Land Degradation

27. Causes directs de la Dégradation
Direct Cause of Degradation

28. Causes Indirects de la Dégradation
Indirect Cause of Degradation

29. Causes Indirects de la Dégradation
Indirect Cause of Degradation

30. Degré de Dégradation des Terres
Degree of Land Degradation

31. Intensité de la Dégradation
Intensity of Land Degradation

32. Erosion Hydrique
Water Erosion

33. Erosion Eolienne
Wind of Erosion

34. Extent of land conservation (% of area)
Etendue de la Conservation
Extend of Land Management

35. STUDY MAP

38. 38
http://213.150.161.221:8887/
Adresse temporaire pour BEST

39. Water erosion 10.000 hectares / year
Wind erosion 8.000 hectares / year
Salinisation 4.000 hectares / year
Urbanization 1.000 hectares / year
MAINS DEGRADATION PROCESSES
TOTAL = 23.000 hectares

40. Soil Management

41. Soil Salinity Management

42. SISOL ( SOIL SYSTEM
INFORMATION )
Object
* Knowledge of Actuel Soil Salinity in
Irrigated Area ;
* Monotoring of Evolution of Sality ;
* Help of decision makers for préventives
actions.

43. General Architecture of the System

44. Soil Fertility Management

45. Composition of compost
• Reliquats of cultures
(feuilles, tiges, racines
etc..).
• Animal Excrément
(Fumier, fientes etc..).

46. Establissment of compost

47. Soil Erosion Management

50. AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION

51. Irrigation déficitaire à l’eau salée en milieu arideDeficit Irrigation with Saline Water in Arid Area

52. LAW and LEGISLATION FOR
SOIL PROTECTION

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‫ﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬‫اﺠﻊ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
•‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻠﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬87‫ﻠﺳﻨﺔ‬1983‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫اﻠﻣﺆ‬1983/11/11‫اﻠﻣﺘﻌﻟﻖ‬
‫اﻠﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬
ٔ
‫اﻻ‬‫ﺑﺤﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬
•‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻠﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬20‫ﻠﺳﻨﺔ‬1989‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫اﻠﻣﺆ‬1989/02/22‫اﻠﻣﺘﻌﻟﻖ‬
‫اﻠﻣﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬‫اﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

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