1. Role of Radar in Microwaves
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
Merrill Skolnik, Life Fellow, IEEE
Falak Shah 09bec082
Nisarg Shah 09bec084
Guided by Dr. Dhaval Pujara

2. Flow of contents
• Central Idea
• Early Developments
• What happened during world War II
• Applications
• Microwaves In Modern Radar
• Possible Future Directions For Radar

3. Central Idea :Interdependence
Microwaves Radar

4. 1880-Hertz Experiment
• Maxwell theoretically
proved EM waves exist
• 1880, Heinrich Hertz-
first radar scientist
experimentally proved
• 450 MHz microwaves
fed to dipole
• Followed by JC Bose 60-
120 GHz

5. 1939-Varian brothers Klystron
• Predecessor of magnetron by Varian brothers of
Stanford University
• Most important high power radar application
device also frequency controllable.

6. 1940-Magnetron
• 1930 radar concept given
theoretically
• Need of high power
stransmitter
• High frequency radar (3
GHz) for detecting smaller
objects
• Limitation of high power
overcome by magnetron
• Frequency depends on
dimensions of cavity

7. What happened during World War-II
• 1940-setup of MIT radiation lab for research
on application of magnetron for radar.
• 4000 personnel aged 20-30 gathered & gained
expertise on 100 different radar equipments
• Allies gained upper hand over axis powers
• Radar was evolved much faster when placed
into civilian hands than controlled by military
• Today, TWT which is variant of klystron widely
used

8. Other applications
Weather Radar at Oklahoma Ground penetrating Radar
-Seahawk Navigation

9. Other Applications
Speed measurement Sea Ice Mapping

10. Microwaves In Modern Radar
• Digital signal processing
• Differentiate between more than one target
• Transmitters 
The klystron is a good choice for high-power
applications, with the TWT (Travelling Wave
Tube) as a candidate when wide bandwidth is
needed.

11. Phased Array Radar
• Phase array antenna is used in advance radars
now a days.
• This can form various directional patterns and
provide varying directivity.
• An advantage of a phased array is its ability to
perform multiple functions such as
surveillance and weapon control with a single
system.

12. TWT

13. Possible Future Directions For Radar
• Developing Jammer Technologies
• Radar Sea Echo
• Phased array with fixed beams (Ubiquitous)
• Millimetre wave radar

14. THANK YOU