2. Write into the day
Why do Carbon molecules form the
chemical backbone for all living things?
Answer: because of its chemical structure.
3. Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic molecules- made primarily of
carbon atoms.
Inorganic compounds- usually do not
contain carbon.
For the following list of items, determine if
each is organic or inorganic:
Wool, cotton, glass rod, paper, potted plant,
carbon dioxide.
4. Section 1:Carbon
Compounds
Most matter in living organisms that is not
water is organic matter.
Carbon has 4 valence electrons, therefore, it
can form 4 covalent bonds with atoms.
Carbon has the ability to exist in straight
chains, branched chains, or rings.
9. Functional Groups Cont…
Functional groups influence the properties of
a compound.
They can make a compound hydrophobic,
hydrophilic, polar or non-polar. They can
also make boiling point or rate of
evaporation higher or lower.
10. Large Carbon Compounds
Monomers= single unit
Dimers= two units
Trimers= three units
Polymers= many units
Large polymers are called macromolecules.
13. Energy Currency
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores a
large amount of energy in one of the
phosphate bonds
This energy is used for chemical reactions in
the body.
14. Section 2: Molecules of
Life
4 main classes of organic compounds are
essential to life:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
15. Carbohydrates
Composed of C, H, and O atoms.
C, H, O are in a ratio of 1:2:1.
The monomer of carbohydrates is a
monosaccharide.
Some examples of monosaccharides are
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.
17. Monosaccharides,
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
The prefixes ‘Mono’, ‘Di’, and ‘Poly’ mean
‘one’, ‘two’, and ‘many’, respectively.
‘Saccharide’ means ‘sugar’.
A monosaccharide is the monomer for
carbohydrates.
2 monosaccharides make up a disaccharide
Many monosaccharides make up a
polysaccharide.
18. Examples of
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide- Glucose, fructose, and
galactose.
Disaccharides- Sucrose, Maltose, and
Lactose
Polysaccharides- Glycogen (Storage form of
energy in animals); Starch (storage form of
energy in plants).
20. Lipids
Composed of the elements C, H, and Oxygen.
The monomers of lipids are glycerol and fatty acid.
Some examples of lipids are phospholipids,
testosterone, estrogen, ear wax.
Saturated fatty acid- carbon has as many hydrogen
atoms bonded to it as possible and there are no
double bonds
Unsaturated- carbon does not have as many
hydrogens bonded to it as possible and has double
binds to compensate.
24. Proteins
Contain the elements C, H, N, and O.
The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
There are 20 different amino acids
Amino acids have 4 parts: Amino group,
central carbon, R group, and Carboxyl
group.
26. Enzymes
Are proteins that catalyze biological
reactions.
Enzymes have a binding site (Active site)
that allows a molecule (substrate) to bind to
it and change.
Enzymes can only work at a specific pH,
Temperature, and Salinity level.
28. Nucleic Acids
Contains elements C, H, O, N, and P.
Store and transfer specific information about
an organism.
Make up DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and
a nitrogenous base.