Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan of Paper Industry

Translation to English by
Finpro ry / China Pulp and
Paper Modernization Project.

Twelfth Five-Year Development
Plan of Paper Industry

National Development and Reform Commission
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
State Forestry Administration
December 2011

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TWELFTH FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF PAPER INDUSTRY .......................................... 1
I. REVIEW OF THE ELEVENTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN .............................................................................. 4
(I) MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 4
(II) EXISTING PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................................ 7
II. DEVELOPMENT SITUATION ................................................................................................................ 9
(I) WORLD PAPER INDUSTRY .......................................................................................................................... 9
(II) CHINA PAPER INDUSTRY ........................................................................................................................ 11
III. GUIDING IDEOLOGY, BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DEVELOPMENT GOALS........................... 13
(I) GUIDING IDEOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 13
(II) BASIC PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................................. 14
(III) DEVELOPMENT GOALS .......................................................................................................................... 15
IV. MAIN TASKS .......................................................................................................................................... 17
(I) IMPROVE RAW MATERIAL STRUCTURE, INCREASE DOMESTIC SUPPLY ...................................................... 17
(II) HEIGHTEN INNOVATION ABILITY, ENHANCE TECHNICAL LEVEL ............................................................. 19
(III) OPTIMIZE INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT, REALIZE RATIONAL RESOURCE ALLOCATION ...................................... 23
(IV) PUSH FORWARD CLEAN PRODUCTION, PROTECT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................... 26
(V) OPTIMIZE CORPORATE STRUCTURE, PROMOTE MERGER AND REORGANIZATION .................................... 29
(VI) REGULATE PRODUCT STRUCTURE, IMPROVE PRODUCT QUALITY .......................................................... 31
(VII) SET UP SAVING MODE, ADVOCATE RATIONAL CONSUMPTION .............................................................. 32
V. KEY PROJECTS ...................................................................................................................................... 33
(I) FORESTRY-PAPER INTEGRATION PROJECT................................................................................................ 34
(II) CLEAN PRODUCTION AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION ENGINEERING .......................................................... 35
(III) UPGRADING AND UPDATING OF PRODUCTS AND INDEPENDENT INNOVATION OF EQUIPMENT ................ 37
VI. POLICIES AND MEASURES................................................................................................................ 39
(I) STRENGTHEN POLICY SUPPORT, PROMOTE FORESTRY-PAPER INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ..................... 39
(II) ENCOURAGE INDEPENDENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOP DOMESTIC EQUIPMENT .............. 39
(III) PERFECT INCENTIVE POLICY, PROMOTE ENERGY SAVING AND EMISSION REDUCTION ........................... 39
(IV) PROMOTE WASTE PAPER RECYCLING, GUIDE GREEN CONSUMPTION ..................................................... 40
(V) ESTABLISH AND REVISE RELEVANT STANDARDS, PERFECT STANDARD SYSTEM ..................................... 40
(VI) PERFECT FOREIGN CAPITAL POLICY, GUIDE INVESTMENT DIRECTION ................................................... 40
(VII) RENDER GREAT SUPPORT, PROMOTE OVERSEAS INVESTMENT ............................................................. 41
(VIII) INCREASE INVESTMENT, EXPAND FINANCING CHANNEL ..................................................................... 41
(IX)ESTABLISH PERFECT SYSTEM, COPE WITH TRADE FRICTION ................................................................... 41
(X) GIVE FULL PLAY TO MEDIATING ROLE, PUSH FORWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN ................ 42
VII. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TWELFTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN .................................................... 42
CHINA PULP AND PAPER MODERNIZATION PROJECT SUMMARY ........................................... 43

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Paper industry is closely bound up with national economic development
and social civilization, paper and paper board consumption level is an
important yardstick for a nation’s degree of modernization and
civilization. Ever since the implementation of the National Special Plan
of the Forest-Paper Integration Project Construction in “the Tenth Five
Years” and 2010, along with the large-scale reutilization of waste paper,
the paper industry uses waste paper primarily and other renewable
resources auxiliarily, such as wood, bamboo, reed, stalk, etc. as raw
materials, through clean production, realizes the resource-production-
consumption-resource recycling benign circulation, becomes an
important fundamental raw material industry and a new economic
growth point with the distinguishing features of circular economy. The
paper industry is capital and technology-intensive, creates considerable
scale effect, has large market capacity and great development potential,
features largely in high industry association, and plays an important role
in driving the development of the related industries, such as forestry,
agriculture, environmental protection, printing, packaging, chemical
industry, mechanical manufacture, automatic control, traffic, etc.
China is placed in the first position for the production and consumption
of paper and paper board. Along with the material regulation of world
economic pattern and the obvious accelerated transformation of Chinese
economic society, China paper industry faces the increasingly
aggravating restrictions of resource, energy and environment, and it is
an urgent need to accelerate structural readjustment. In order to make
traditional paper industry smoothly transform to modern paper industry
featuring largely in sustainable development and guide the healthy
development of paper industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”
period, in accordance with the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National
Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China,
the Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan of Paper industry is hereby
established.

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I. Review of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan
(I) Main achievements
1. Production maintains steady growth, operating quality is obviously
heightened. In 2010, the output of paper and paper board is 92,700,000t,
increased by 65.5% than 2005, with annual average growth rate of
10.6%; the consumption is 91,730,000t, increased by 54.7% than 2005,
with annual average growth rate of 9.1%. Paper industry develops
rapidly, the above-scale enterprises’ gross industrial output value of
paper and paper board increases from RMB 262.2 billion yuan to RMB
585.0 billion yuan, increased by 123.1%, with annual average growth
rate of 17.4%; the total tax and profit payment increases from RMB 22.5
billion to RMB 50.0 billion yuan, increased by 122.2%. The overall
labor productivity rises from 73.4t/person/year to 125.7t/person/year,
increased by 71.3%. Presently, China’s per capita paper and paper board
consumption is 68kg, which is higher than the world average.
2. Forestry-paper integration is fruitful, raw material structure is
somewhat improved. Ever since the National Special Plan of the Forest-
Paper Integration Project Construction in “the Tenth Five Years” and
2010 was implemented in 2000, the whole society has reached a
common recognition that forestry-paper integration is a successful
practice of China paper industry for the development of circular
economy and the implementation of scientific development view. By
fully utilizing domestic and foreign resources, we have energetically
pushed forward the forestry-paper integration project construction,
strengthened the domestic reutilization of waste paper and shut down
the outdated straw pulp production line, heightened domestic wood pulp
and waste paper supply capability, and improved the raw material
structure. The consumption of wood pulp increases from 11,300,000t in
2005 to 18,590,000t in 2010, accounting for 22.0% of the total pulp
consumption, specifically, the consumption of homemade wood pulp
increases from 3,710,000t to 7,080,000t, the proportion rises from 7.1%
to 8.4%; the consumption of waste pulp increases from 28,100,000t to
53,050,000t, the proportion rises from 54.0% to 62.7%, among which
the proportion of domestic waste pulp rises from 27.8% to 38.0%; the

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non-wood pulp consumption basically maintains stable, the proportion
drops from 24.3% to 15.3%.
3. Introduction and innovation are perfectly combined, technical
equipment level is heightened. China paper industry combines the
imported technical equipment with independent innovation and
contributes to some large-scale projects with high technical starting
point and advanced equipment. Over 140 sets of 100,000t/a and above
diversified high and medium grade paper machines and paper board
machines are increased, 34,000,000t advanced capacity is newly
formed, lots of excellent enterprises take the lead in completing the
transformation from traditional paper industry to modern paper industry,
China has edged into the advanced ranks in the world.
Domestic pulp and paper equipment manufacturing enterprises, through
independent innovation and the introduction, digestion and absorption of
advanced technology, have successfully developed some high and new
technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property, for
example, 100,000t/a~150,000t/a bleached kraft wood (bamboo) pulp and
alkali recovery plant; 150,000t/a~200,000t/awaste paper pulp complete
equipment; 100,000t/a and below diversified fine paper machines,
200,000t/a~300,000t/a paper and paper board machines, etc. Meanwhile,
some state-level key paper laboratories, engineering research centers and
enterprise technology centers are established, which can guide, support
and drive the structural readjustment, upgrading and updating of China
paper industry.
4. Product structure is somewhat optimized, market supply and demand
is basically balanced. By strengthening technical research and
development and improving process technique and equipment, the paper
and paper board product structure adapts to the consumption demand in
a better way and changes from quantity type to quality type, from few
variety to great variety. The supply capability of high grade paper and
paper board is boosted; in particular, the newsprint paper, coated
printing paper, white carton board, tissue paper, etc. can meet domestic
market demand, it provides the sufficient supply of high grade paper and
paper board and offers a satisfactory solution for the contradiction
between supply and demand. The net import of paper and paper board is
3,300,000t in 2005, but the net export of paper and paper board is
970,000t in 2010. The productive ratio of high grade products changes

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from 20% to 37%, the product quality of individual variety like
newsprint paper, copper printing paper, etc. reaches the world advanced
level.
5. Industry layout tends to be reasonable, general pattern is basically
formed. Along with the regulation of the national and regional policies
on the raw materials for paper industry, the paper industry gradually
develops from north to south as a whole. In the north of the Yangtze
River, the proportion of paper and paper board output in the national
total drops from 43.3% in 2005 to 37.4% in 2010; in the south of the
Yangtze River, the proportion rises from 56.7% to 62.6%. In the eastern,
central and western regions, the layout pattern is relatively stable, the
eastern region’s output accounts for over 70% of the national total; the
central region’s output accounts for approximately 20% of the national
total; the western region’s output accounts for less than 10% of the
national total. Th e n u mb e r o f k e y p ro v in c es (r eg io n s , citi es )
w h o s e an n u al o u tp u t e x c e ed s 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 t in cr e as es fro m 1 1
in 2 0 0 5 to 1 4 i n 2 0 1 0 , th e o u tp u t o f th es e p ro v in c es
(r eg io n s, ci ti es) a c c o u n ts fo r 9 1 . * % o f th e n atio n al to t a l.
6. Corporate reorganization is accelerated, industrial concentration is
heightened. The nationwide cross-regional merger and integration of
many powerful enterprises promotes the evolvement of paper
enterprises in the direction of group and scale development. A lot of
modern paper enterprises with advanced production equipment, good
credit and strong competitive power stand out. The paper industry
organization structure is continually optimized. During the “Eleventh
Five-Year Plan” period, the total output of the paper enterprises whose
annual output of paper and paper board exceeds 1,000,000t increases
from 7,910,000t to 26,740,000t, the proportion rises from 14.1% to
28.8% in the national total; the proportion of the output of 30 leading
enterprises rises from 32.9% to 42.3%.
7. Pollution control is effective, resource consumption is greatly
reduced. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, China paper
industry has made great efforts in environmental governance,
practically put into practice the measures for energy saving and
emission reduction, and focused on the comprehensive control of the
straw pulp production enterprises and the paper enterprises in major
pollution sources and key water basins. More than 2,000 pulp and paper

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enterprises are closed down, over 10,000,000t outdated capacity is
washed out. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharge amount of
the major pollutants in the wastewater arising from papermaking is
952,000t in 2010 and 1,596,000t in 2005, decreased by 40.4%. The
emission intensity drops from 0.069t to 0.018t per 10,000 yuan
production value, decreased by 73.9%. During the “Eleventh Five-Year
Plan” period, the mean comprehensive energy consumption (standard
coal) per ton pulp drops from 0.55t to 0.45t; the mean comprehensive
energy consumption (standard coal) per ton paper and paper board drops
from 0.83t to 0.68t; the quantity of water intake per ton pulp, paper and
paper board drops from 103m3 to 85m3; the average consumption of
virgin pulp per ton paper and paper board drops from 427kg to 340kg.
The completed advanced capacity’s quality, consumption quota,
pollutant emission load reach the world advanced level.
8. Policies, laws and regulations are basically perfect, the development
environment is continually improving. During the “Eleventh Five-Year
Plan” period, the development environment construction of China paper
industry is obviously accelerated, the related laws, regulations, laws and
standards are gradually perfected and play an important role in forming
a favorable environment for the development of modern paper industry.
The associated regulations and policies are issued in succession, such as
the National Special Plan of the Forest-Paper Integration Project
Construction in “the Tenth Five Years” and 2010, Paper industry
Development Policy, Catalogue for the Guidance of Industrial Structure
Adjustment (version 2005), Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign
Investment Industries (revised in 2007), Adjustment and Revitalization
Plan for Light Industry, the access condition of paper industry are
tightened, the industrial development becomes more standard; the
execution of Policy Outline of China Energy Conservation Technology
and the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper
Industry (GB3544-2008) make enterprises attach great importance to
energy saving reconstruction and pollution control.
(II) Existing problems
1. There is a contradiction between the supply and demand of raw
material. As the raw material forestry base construction is very slow in
China and the raw material is in short supply, the non-wood pulp
development is under the influence of the backward development of the

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new technology for clean production, plus the low recovery rate of
domestic waste paper, the self-sufficiency rate of the paper fibre raw
material can hardly be heightened, the contradiction between supply and
demand becomes increasingly serious. The import volume of wood pulp
is 11,370,000t in 2010 and 7,590,000t in 2005, increased by 49.8%; the
import volume of waste paper is 24,350,000t in 2010 and 17,030,000t in
2005, increased by 43%, China paper industry’s degree of dependence
upon imported fibre raw material is still over 40%.
2. The independent innovation ability is not strong. China paper industry
lacks the independent innovation ability, the industry, university and
research institute have not yet formed an organic integrity, greater
efforts must be made in reinnovation after the introduction, digestion
and absorption of advanced technology, China lacks the industrial
outstanding achievements with independent innovation in regard to the
development of new techniques, new equipment and new products. A lot
of key equipment basically relies on import, such as the large cooking,
screening and bleaching equipment, the high yield pulp plant, the high-
speed head box, shoe press, calendaring machine, rewinder, etc.
3. Energy saving and emission reduction is a hard task. In China paper
industry, the outdated capacity still accounts for approximately 35%, the
consumption of material, water and energy is very high, it is the main
source of pollution of paper industry, the discharge amount of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) accounts for 47% of the whole industry’s total
emission, there is a big gap between domestic outdated capacity and
world advanced level in the product quality, material consumption and
pollution load, it cannot reach the Discharge Standard of Water
Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008), it is an urgent
need to accelerate the reconstruction of outdated capacity or eliminate
the outdated capacity.
4. The size of business is still small. In China paper industry, the large
enterprise groups and backbone enterprises with international
competitive power are just in small quantities, the influential power and
driving force of these enterprises is to be boosted, there are a great
number of small weak enterprises, and the scale effect of the whole
industry is not remarkable. The above-scale paper enterprises’ gross
sales are only equal to the gross sales of the world’s top 4 enterprises. In
2010, there are 3,724 above-scale paper enterprises in China,

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specifically, there are 33 large paper enterprises, accounting for 0.89%;
there are 388 medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 10.42%; there
are 3,303 small enterprises, accounting for 88.69%. It is necessary to
change the present situation of China paper industry that is small-scale
and scattered.
II. Development Situation
(I) World paper industry
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the worldwide
readjustment of the industrial structure and the international division of
labor proceeds smoothly, there is a profound change in the development
pattern of world paper industry, the industry structural readjustment and
transfer is further accelerated, the emerging economies will give full
play to the late-mover advantage, realize the span development and
become a main growth point in the world paper industry. Owning to the
restrictions of resource, environment, effect, etc., the paper industry
accelerates technical progress, achieves sustainable development in the
direction of the high efficiency, high quality, high profit, low
consumption, low pollution, low emission modern great industry, and
features largely in large business scale, integrated technology,
multifunctional products, clean production, resource conservation,
environmental protection and low carbon, forestry-paper integration,
management informatization, industrial globalization and green
development.
1. The gravity center of world paper industry development continues to
move towards the emerging economies. In the developed countries and
regions, the paper industry enters into the steady development stage. In
the developing countries and regions, thanks to the swift economic
growth, the paper industry develops rapidly. The emerging economies
like China, India, Brazil, Russia, etc. are becoming a main power for the
growth of world paper industry, China ranks the first for the output of
paper and paper board in the world, but China still has a great
development space in the field of structural readjustment, technical
upgrading, energy saving and emission reduction. For this reason, a lot
of the world’s top-ranking pulp and paper transnational companies turn
their gaze upon the developing countries, such as China, Brazil,

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Indonesia, etc. There will be a keen competition for resource, market and
personnel in the future paper industry.
2. Papermaking raw material will be the focus of all countries. After
years of continuous development, the international transnational paper
companies have formed the forestry-paper integrated development mode
and will attach more importance to the supply of papermaking raw
material due to the tension of resource supply. In recent years, the
international transnational paper companies have tried to control the
forest land resource, cultivated the raw material forest base and built the
wood pulp plant by all means in the countries and regions with abundant
forest resource, such as Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, etc. Nearly all countries
pay more attention to the reutilization of domestic waste paper resource.
The world’s total waste paper recovery quantity increases from 182.6
million tons in 2005 to 223.4 million tons in 2010; the world’s total
waste paper recovery rate rises from in 2005 to 56.6% in 2010. The
recovery rate universally exceeds 60% in the developed countries, it is
over 80% in Korea and Germany, it is 43.8% in China, which is lower
than the world average.
3. The path of green and low carbon guides the sustainable development
of the world paper industry. Through the effective measures, for
example, realize the reutilization of waste paper, apply the forest-paper
integration and adopt the energy saving and emission reduction
technology, the world paper industry achieves the raw material-pulp and
paper-raw material regeneration benign circulation and steps in the
development way of green and low carbon. The large-scale reutilization
of waste paper is helpful for saving the forest resource; the forestry-
paper integrated development helps to substantially heighten the
productive force of forest land, improve local ecological environment,
achieve an obvious effect of carbon sequestration and realize the
coordinated development of paper, forestry and ecology; the use of large
pulp and paper plant and the comprehensive improvement of technology
from tree planting to pollution control make the energy consumption,
material consumption and pollutant discharge reach a low level. The
paper industry has a potential for low carbon, green, circular
development, and it still has exuberant vital force and great
development prospect in the global economic development.

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4. The world large pulp and paper equipment supply is still in the
monopoly situation. Over the years, the world’s a few pulp and paper
equipment suppliers has basically monopolized the supply of large pulp
and paper plant by relying upon their brand advantage, research and
development capability, precision manufacturing ability, capital strength
and market expansion ability. This situation can hardly be changed
within a short time. Presently, China has become a main market of pulp
and paper plant in the world, but the large pulp and paper plant still
relies heavily upon import, it results in the high cost of investment and
impedes numerous small and medium-sized pulp and paper enterprises
to apply the large production plant, China must further heighten the
independence degree of pulp and paper plant.
(II) China paper industry
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, China enters into a critical
period for building a well-off society in an all-round way and also an
important historical period for deepening reform and opening up and
accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. The
main highlights of economic transformation are achieving the in-depth
development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, market
development, internationalization and building the resource
conservation, environmentally friendly society. China paper industry
needs to change the development mode, accelerate the industry
structural readjustment and move towards the road of green sustainable
development.
1. China paper industry needs to change the development mode. During
the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, China is still in the acceleration
stage for industrialization and urbanization, along with the steady
growth of per capita personal income and the upgrade of consumption
structure, China paper industry has a certain development space; the
elimination of outdated capacity also creates a condition for the
application of new technology, the development of new product and the
expansion of new market. Currently, China paper industry has changed
from “quantity-leading type” to the new stage of “quality and benefit-
leading type” with more reasonable structure, more reliable quality and
more advanced technical level.

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2. The restrictions of resource, energy and environment become
increasingly serious. Presently, China paper industry development mode
of swift expansion faces the dual restrictions of resource and
environment, implementing the sustainable development strategy and
building the resource conservation, environmentally friendly paper
industry is imperative under the situation. We must abide by the Outline
of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan on National Economic and Social
Development, strictly control the total quantum of paper industry,
appropriately reduce the development speed; actively disseminate the
energy conservation, water saving, consumption reduction technology
and equipment, strengthen resource conservation and management;
tighten the pollutant discharge reduction and governance, pay great
attention to environmental protection; on the basis of the principle of
“decrement, reutilization, resource”, energetically develop the circular
economy.
3. Accelerate the industry structural readjustment. Along with the in-
depth development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization,
market development and internationalization and the accelerated
transformation of economic structure, the problem of the unreasonable
paper industry structure becomes increasingly serious, it is an urgent
need to heighten the raw material guaranty level by optimizing the raw
material structure; optimize the product structure, make products
develop towards low carbon, multifunction, environmental protection
and high quality, enhance the effective supply level; optimize the
corporate structure, elevate the concentration degree and competitive
power; optimize the technical structure, boost the independent
innovation ability, enhance the overall technical equipment level;
optimize industrial layout, realize rational resource allocation, push
forward the coordinated development of paper industry in an all-around
way.
Figure 1 China Paper Industry Demand for Papermaking Raw Material

Unit: 10,000t / 10,000m

2010 2015 (Predicted Value)
Consumption of paper 9173 11470
and paper board

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Production of paper and 9270 11600
paper board
Annual total consumption 8461 10457
of pulp
In annual total pulp Consumption Pulp Proportion Consumption Pulp Proportion
consumption: of raw ouput (%) of raw ouput (%)
material material
1. Wood pulp 1859 22.0 2541 24.3
Specifically, domestic 2820 708 8.4 3770 1077 10.3
wood pulp
Imported wood pulp 1151 13.6 1464 14.0
2. Waste paper pulp 6631 5305 62.7 8365 6692 64.0
Specifically, domestic 4016 3213 38.0 5359 4287 41.0
waste paper pulp
Imported waste paper 2615 2092 24.7 3006 2405 23.0
pulp
3. Non-wood pulp 3535 1297 15.3 3421 1224 11.7
Specifically, reed 390 156 1.8 390 156 1.5
(bulrush , silver grass )
pulp

Bamboo pulp 776 194 2.3 960 240 2.3
Bagasse pulp 293 117 1.4 293 117 1.1
Grass pulp 1798 719 8.5 1500 600 5.7
Other pulp 278 111 1.3 278 111 1.1

III. Guiding Ideology, Basic Principles and Development Goals
(I) Guiding ideology
According to the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan on National
Economic and Social Development, we shall implement the scientific
development view in a deep-going way, stick to the new type industry
road, and hasten to transform the development mode. With the main
thread of structural readjustment and the goal of building technical
innovation, resource conservation, environmentally friendly type
modern paper industry, we shall give full play to the paper industry’s
distinguishing features of green, low carbon and circulation, heighten
the independent innovation ability, save energy and protect
environment, elevate the quality and benefit of growth, promote the
industrial optimization and upgrading, boost the international

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competitive power, make substantial steps during the course of the
transformation from papermaking major country to modern
papermaking powerful country.
(II) Basic principles
1. Base itself upon domestic market demand, control the total scale of
paper industry. Mainly satisfy the domestic market demand, make it
supplemented by the international market, reasonably control the total
quantum, and stabilize the domestic market supply. Strictly control the
repetitive construction of the projects in relation to the paper variety
with excessive capacity, and guide the orderly market competition.
2. Accelerate the development of forestry-paper integration, fully
utilize other resources. Actively utilize domestic and foreign resources,
hasten to push forward the forestry-paper integration project
construction, heighten the proportion of wood fibre, expand the
domestic reutilization of waste paper, and realize the scientific
reasonable utilization of non-wood fibre raw material.
3. Boost the independent innovation ability, regulate and optimize the
industry structure. Combine independent research and development with
the technology introduction, digestion, absorption and reinnovation, and
enhance the independence degree of technology and equipment.
Encourage enterprises to carry out merger and acquisition, wash out the
outdated capacity, and heighten the international competitive power of
backbone enterprises. Pay attention to the optimization of industrial
layout, corporate organization structure and product structure, and
realize the industrial upgrading.
4. Energetically develop the circular economy, tighten the ecological
environmental protection. On the basis of the principles of “decrement,
reutilization, resource” development, heighten the resource utilization
ratio. Push forward the clean production, strictly control the discharge
of major pollutants, pay close attention to the comprehensive utilization
of “three wastes”, and minimize the environmental pollution.
5. Advocate the idea of saving paper, take the initiative in green, low
carbon consumption. Strengthen the public propaganda and policy
guide, change the idea of producing and consuming the high brightness
paper blindly, encourage the production and use of the recycled paper,
unbleached paper and low brightness paper, guide the whole society to

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save paper, advocate the repeated use of paper, and refrain the excessive
package.
6. Stick to reform and opening up, fully utilize domestic and foreign
resources. Make overall planning of domestic and foreign resources,
actively implement the “go out” strategy, encourage and support
domestic powerful enterprises to carry out merger and acquisition
overseas, build the raw material forest base and the pulp and paper
projects, realize the reasonable utilization of foreign capital, and
achieve the coordinated development of domestic capital and foreign
capital.
(III) Development goals
1. Achieve the steady growth of production and consumption. In 2015,
it is estimated by the whole country’s total consumption of paper and
paper board is 114,700,000t, with annual average growth rate of 4.6%
than 2010; the total production capacity of paper and paper board is
about 130,000,000t, the total output reaches 116,000,000t, with annual
average growth rate of 4.6%.
2. Continually improve the raw material structure. Hasten to form the
papermaking raw material structure that suites to the situation in China,
primarily relies on waste paper fibre and wood fibre and is
supplemented by the non-wood fibre. The proportion of wood pulp,
non-wood pulp, waste paper pulp will be regulated from 22.0%, 15.3%,
62.7% in 2010 to 24.3%, 11.7%, 64.0% in 2015. The proportion of
domestic waste paper pulp will be elevated from 38.0% in 2010 to
41.0% in 2015. The proportion of domestic wood pulp will be elevated
from 8.4% in 2010 to 10.3% in 2015.
3. Continually optimize the product structure. Meet the effective market
demand, and make regulation towards low quantity, multifunction, high
quality and great variety. Push forward the development of paper and
paper board products in the direction of differentiation, serialization,
light weighting and environmental protection in an all-around way,
gradually form the paper product structure that has complete functions
and adapts to the polynary market demand at different levels.
4. Continually boost the industry concentration. By 2015, there will be
more than 20 large comprehensive pulp and paper enterprise groups
whose annual output exceeds 1,000,000t, several enterprise groups will

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rank among the world’s top 100 paper enterprises for gross sales. By
strengthening corporate reorganization and perfecting industrial
organization mode, we will gradually form the industrial organization
structure with large enterprises as the head and the coordinated
development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
5. Gradually heighten the equipment level. Strengthen the construction
of independent innovation, establish more than 10 state-level enterprise
technology centers. Boost the overall research and development level of
paper industry production technology and equipment, enhance the
degree of independence of pulp and paper equipment from 30% to 50%,
ensure the key backbone paper enterprises’ main pulp and paper
technology and equipment reaches the world advanced level, and make
independently developed pulp and paper equipment approach the world
advanced level.
6. Continually reduce the resource consumption. By the end of 2015, the
mean water intake per ton pulp, paper and paper board will decrease to
70m3 from 85m3 in 2010, reduced by 18%; the mean comprehensive
energy consumption (standard coal) per ton pulp will decrease to 0.37t
from 0.45t in 2010, reduced by 18%; the mean comprehensive energy
consumption (standard coal) per ton paper and paper board will decrease
to 0.53t from 0.68t in 2010, reduced by 22%.
7. Obviously reduce the pollutant emission. By means of structural
emission reduction, engineering emission reduction and management
emission reduction, in 2015, the total discharge amount of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) of major pollutants will be reduced by 10% to
12% than 2010, the total discharge amount of ammonia nitrogen will be
reduced by 10% than 2010, the goal of yield increase and emission
reduction can be achieved.
8. Achieve substantial results in the elimination of outdated capacity.
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the whole country will
eliminate over 10,000,000t outdated capacity.

Figure 2 Main Indexes of Paper Industry During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” Period
Item Index 2010 2015 Annual Attribute
(Predicte Average
d Value) Growth

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Rate
(%)
Total scale Total output of paper and paper 9270 11600 4.6 Anticipative
board (unit: 10,000t)
Total consumption of paper and 9173 11470 4.6 Anticipative
paper board (unit: 10,000t)
Fibre raw 1. Wood pulp (%) 22.0 24.3 / Anticipative
material Specifically, domestic wood pulp 8.4 10.3 /
(%)
Imported wood pulp (%) 13.6 14.0 /
2. Waste paper pulp (%) 62.7 64.0 /
Specifically, domestic waste paper 38.0 41.0 /
pulp (%)
Imported waste paper pulp (%) 24.7 23.0 /
3. Non-wood pulp (%) 15.3 11.7 /
Resource The mean comprehensive energy 0.68 0.53 4.9 Restrictive
consumption consumption (standard coal) per
ton paper and paper board is
reduced by 22%.
The mean comprehensive energy 0.45 0.37 3.8
consumption (standard coal) per
ton pulp is reduced by 18%.
The mean water intake (m3) per 85 70 3.8
ton pulp, paper and paper board is
reduced by 18%.
Environmental Water Total discharge amount of In 2015, it is reduced by Restrictive
protection pollut chemical oxygen demand 10% to 12% than 2010.
ant (COD)
Total discharge amount of In 2015, it is reduced by Restrictive
ammonia nitrogen 10% than 2010.
Elimination of Total outdated capacity Over 10,000,000t. Restrictive
outdated
capacity
IV. Main tasks
(I) Improve raw material structure, increase domestic supply
1. Heighten the proportion of wood fibre. According to the actual
situation of China, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the
proportion of wood pulp will be elevated from 22.0% to 24.3%, the
increased quantity of wood pulp is about 7,000,000t, specifically, the
proportion of domestic wood pulp will be elevated from 8.4% to 10.3%,
and the increased quantity of domestic wood pulp is about 4,000,000t.

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The required wood fibre raw material relies on domestic and foreign
resources. In China, we primarily adopt the policy of “broaden the
sources of income and reduce expenditure”, strictly abide by the
principle of protecting natural forest resource, and gradually make
forest base become the major raw material supplier for papermaking.
Firstly, continue to push forward the forestry-paper integration project
construction, in the premise of not occupying farmland, not affecting
food safety and not destroying natural forest resource, strengthen the
raw material base construction, promote the forest-paper integration,
cultivate the excellent species, heighten the yield of forest land per unit
area, boost the ratio of enterprise controllable forest base, advocate the
new operation modes like “company + base + cooperation organization”
and the “company-base-peasant household”, and boost the deliverability
of the raw material base. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period,
first of all, continue to complete the goal of building 5,000,000ha forest
(bamboo) raw material base in accordance with the National Special
Plan of the Forest-Paper Integration Project Construction in “the
Tenth Five Years” and 2010; secondly, take full advantage of the
intermediate cuttings, submarginal logs, processing residues and wood
chips; thirdly, if possible, by regulating the present wood consumption
structure, reduce the peasants’ self-used wood and fuel wood, increase
the ratio of industrial wood, expand the supply source of papermaking
wood material. with regard to the utilization of foreign fibre resource,
on the one hand, encourage domestic enterprises to develop forest tree
resource or invest in building large forest-paper integration project and
papermaking raw material forest base; on the other hand, encourage
enterprises to import forest products and wood chips from foreign
countries, build large commercial paper pulp and wood pulp projects at
the appropriate places in China.
2. Advocate the recovery and reutilization of waste paper. During the
“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the increased quantity of waste paper
pulp will be approximately 14,000,000t. It is necessary to establish and
perfect the domestic waste paper recovery system, lay down and perfect
the associated laws, regulations, standards and management provisions,
form the large recovery enterprises, explore the domestic waste paper
recovery and reutilization development mode, standardize the waste
paper conduct, elevate the quality and quantity of domestic waste paper

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recovery, boost the domestic effective deliverability of waste paper,
make domestic recovery rate of waste paper rise from 43.8% to 46.7%,
fully utilize the overseas waste paper resource, make China’s waste
paper utilization ratio rise from 71.5% to 72.1%.
3. Realize the scientific and rational utilization of non-wood fibre.
Utilize the non-wood resource scientifically and rationally, apply the
new technology involved with clean production, make great efforts in
energy saving, emission reduction and comprehensive utilization,
improve the quality of non-wood fibre, relieve the contradiction
between supply and demand of fibre resource in China and the
dependence upon imported wood fibre and waste paper, and optimize
the papermaking raw material structure. On the basis of the principle of
adjusting measures to local conditions and realizing rational utilization,
fully utilize the non-wood resources, including bamboo, reed,
agricultural wastes like stalk, bagasse, etc., expedite the integration and
regulation of the existing enterprises’ non-wood pulp resource, wash out
the outdated production capacity, and attach great importance to large
scale and high quality. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the
total quantity of non-wood fibre will be over 12,000,000t.
(II) Heighten innovation ability, enhance technical level
1. Research and develop the low consumption, less pollution, high
quality, high efficiency pulp and paper production technology.
Lay special stress on the research and development of the advanced
technologies below: the clean and high efficiency pulp production
technology, the technology for comprehensive utilization of
papermaking fibre resource, the waste liquid comprehensive utilization
technology; the energy conservation, water saving, emission reduction,
clean production technology for the production process; the waste water,
exhaust gas, solid waste decrement and resource utilization technology;
the high performance paper base functional new material, special paper
and paper board production technology; the high efficiency
papermaking chemicals and application technology; the biological
technology for pulp and paper production; the technology for the
manufacturing of key pulp and paper production equipment and
dehydrator; the full-automatic control technology and the industrial

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informatization technology and so on. Establish the pulp and paper
technical innovation alliance.
2. Research and develop the advanced suitable equipment with
independent intellectural property. Catch up with the international
frontier technology, attach importance to the research and development
of key technical equipment, combine independent innovation with
introduction, digestion, absorption and reinnovation, lay special stress
on the integration and innovation of the industrial technology and the
complete equipment system, expedite the research, development and
industrialization of the industrial key, generic technology and
equipment, try to solve the technical bottleneck that refrains the
development of China paper industry, and enhance the overall
technology and equipment level of China paper industry and equipment
manufacture industry.
3. Heighten the ability to make technical innovation. Set up the research,
development, design, manufacture integration platform, heighten the
ability to carry out the research, development and integration of the
complete set of equipment. Strengthen the construction of the scientific
and technological fundamental ability and the innovation service
support system for paper industry, give full play to the national
engineering (technology) research center, national key laboratory,
national engineering laboratory and the technology center of large
backbone pulp and paper enterprise and equipment manufacturing
enterprise. Set up the information network, establish the medium high-
speed fine paper machine demonstration project and the pulp and paper
production equipment innovation alliance, perfect the product
technology standard, try to form the technical innovation system that is
based on enterprise, market oriented and combines industry with
university and research institute. Support the transnational paper
enterprises and equipment manufacturing enterprises to set up the
technical research and development institutions in China by means of
joint investment or cooperation, such as the research and development
center, the training center, etc., encourage the joint development of new
technology and new equipment, heighten China’s research and
development level of the technology and equipment for paper industry.
Encourage domestic enterprises to participate in foreign technical
research and development and accept the technology transfer.

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4. Energetically push forward the integration of informatization and
industrialization. Utilize information technology to enhance the
traditional paper industry. Stick to the principle of driving
industrialization via informatization and promoting informatization via
industrialization, further help enterprises to execute and enhance the
intelligence level of production equipment, the automation level of
production process and the informatization of corporate management in
an all-around way. Through information technology, realize the
systematic integration of the enterprise’s internal information resources,
such as product research, development, design and production
management, quality management, financial management, marketing
management, logistics and distribution, energy saving and emission
reduction, project management and human resource, etc., try to reduce
the operation cost of each unit as much as possible, heighten the
efficiency of management. If possible, tighten the enterprise resource
planning (ERP), the supply chain management (SCM), the customer
resource management (CRM) and the e-commerce informatization
construction, and enhance the enterprise’s informatization management
level by all means.
5. Optimize the human resource structure, build the high quality
personnel team. Actively give full play to the higher education
institutions, scientific research institutions and enterprises in the field of
the cultivation of professional talented people, assume common
responsibility for personnel team construction. Firstly, center on the
enhancement of independent innovation ability, foster the high-level
research and development personnel, the engineering personnel with
high technical skills and the top management personnel. Secondly, adapt
to the basic requirement of modern paper industry, tighten the secondary
education and staff training, and foster the firstline skilled operators and
technicians. Thirdly, further optimize the knowledge structure of
professionals, and gradually form a high quality staff team.

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Figure 3 Technology and Equipment Research, Development and Application During the “Twelfth
Five-Year Plan” Period
Encourage Restrain Eliminate
* Extended delignification, low energy consumption intermittent cooking or * Spherical

* Application of chlorine bleaching technology in new projects.
continuous cooking, oxygen delignification, element chlorine free (ECF) boiler with
bleaching and totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching technologies and capacity
equipment for chemical pulping. below 40m3.
* Develop the low energy consumption, high yield pulp production * Lime
technology and equipment. process for
* Develop the high efficiency waste paper deinking technology and pulping
equipment. (except for
* Develop the production technology of stalk unbleached paper pulp and rice paper).
products.
* Develop the technology and equipment concerned with the recovery of the
waste heat arising from cooking; the recovery of the waste heat arising from * Fine paper
the evaporation station’s secondary steam; the enhancement of dryness of machine with
lime sludge, the reduction of energy consumption for lime sludge breadth below
combustion; the high efficiency, energy saving heat pump; the paper 1.76m and
machine with new type dehydrator, wide hip press, fully closed gas shield velocity below
and heat recovery system, etc. 120m/min.
* Develop the technology and equipment concerned with the wet method
material preparation wash water circulation system, the pulping backflush
medium-concentration closed screening system, the high and medium
concentration bleaching, the reclamation of paper machine’s white water, the
classification and reclamation of the recovery and evaporation plant’s
contaminated condensate, etc.
* Develop the technology and equipment concerned with crystallization and * Paper board
evaporation, non-metallic element removing and black liquor viscosity machine with
reduction. breadth below
Apply the combined thermal power generation for the alkali furnace, boiler 2m and
and self-supply power plant to heighten the utilization ratio of energy. velocity below
* Develop the technology and equipment concerned with the anaerobic 80m/min.
treatment of high concentration wastewater and the utilization of marsh gas.
* Develop and apply the sewage deep processing technology and perfect the
monitoring system.
* Develop and apply sludge drying, solid waste treatment and biomass
resource utilization technology and equipment.
* Adopt the informatization and computer full automatic control technology
for the pulp and paper production process.

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Figure 4 Independent Research and Development of Pulp and Paper Equipment During the
“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” Period
1 100,000t/a~200,000t/a non-wood pulp equipment
2 100,000t/a~150,000t/a high yield chemical-mechanic pulp key equipment
3 200,000t/a~300,000t/a waste paper pulp complete equipment
4 100,000t/a~150,000t/a waste paper deinked pulp equipment
5 Element chlorine free (ECF) or totally chlorine free (TCF) pulp bleaching device
6 Over 1000m/min high-speed toilet paper machine
7 Over 1200m/min large and medium fine paper machine
8 Key equipment, such as head box, shoe press, calendaring machine, coating machine,
high-speed rewinder, etc.
9 Water and energy saving, environmental protection equipment
(III) Optimize industrial layout, realize rational resource allocation
Regulate the industrial layout according to the general requirements of
national functional area planning, comply with the principle of agelong
resource utilization and ecological environmental protection, take into
account the different regions’ bearing capacity of resource environment,
present development intensity and future development potential, meet
the requirement of environmental protection and resource conservation,
rationally develop the raw material forest base, achieve the coordinated
development of economy, environment and society. The new and
expanded pulp and paper production projects are prohibited in the key
environmental protection zone, the key ecological functional zone and
the places of severe water shortage.
1. Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The middle and
lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including 7 provinces (cities), i.e.
Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hainan, is the
biggest producing area of paper in China. Its paper and paper board
output accounts for approximately 37% of the national total. It has rich
water resource, but the problems of water pollution, eutrophication of
lakes, etc. are very serious. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period,
in order to promote the development of the local paper industry, we
shall pay equal attention to pollution control and water saving, and
strictly control the total emission of major pollutants. Utilize the
favorable conditions for developing the fast-growing and high yield
forest in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and the southern area of Anhui, continue
to push forward the forest-paper integrated development. The Yangtze

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River Delta region has unique advantage and developed paper industry
base, so it is strongly recommended to utilize the imported wood pulp
and domestic waste paper and build the production base for fine paper,
packaging paper board and special paper. Owning to the intensive
layout, small business scale and limited environment capacity at some
places in this region, control the development strength and make
regulation and integration, expedite the elimination of outdated capacity,
enhance the product quality and grade, and promote the industrial
upgrading and updating.
2. Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River region. The Yellow
River, Huaihe River and Haihe River region, including 6 provinces
(cities), i.e. Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan, is the
second biggest producing area of paper in China. Its paper output
accounts for approximately 30% of the national total. Specifically, the
paper output of Shandong, Henan and Hebei accounts for 29% of the
national total, the industrial layout is rather intensive, these three
provinces are the main producing area of straw pulp, but owning to the
shortage of water resource, the small environment capacity and the lack
of high quality fibre resource, the industrial development is restricted, it
is the key region for of industry structural readjustment. During the
“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, we shall make great efforts in the
regional industry structural readjustment, pay equal attention to
increment control and stock optimization, gain increment by eliminating
outdated capacity, tighten environmental monitoring and control, strictly
control the total consumption of water used for paper industry and the
total emission of major pollutants. Regulate the raw material structure
and enterprise layout, expedite the elimination of outdated capacity,
appropriately develop the chemical mechanic wood pulp, and heighten
the utilization of commercial wood pulp and waste paper. Actively
research, develop and apply the stalk clean production technology, and
regulate the straw pulp structure. On the basis of the existing
advantaged industrial layout, further segment the paper industry zoning
and form the differentiated, distinctive new pattern. By relying on the
key backbone enterprises (groups), integrate the regional resource, and
drive the regional paper industry upgrading. Meanwhile, put in practice
the “go out” development strategy, seize the favorable investment
development opportunity in other regions and foreign countries, and

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fully utilize two kinds of resources and two markets. The new pulp and
paper production enterprises, in principle, will not be established in this
region.
3. Coastal area of South China. The coastal area of South China,
including 4 provinces (cities), i.e. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and
Hainan, is the third biggest producing area of paper in China. Its paper
output accounts for approximately 22% of the national total. This region
has rich fibre resource and water resource as a whole. During the
“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the local paper industry shall pay
equal attention to industry structural readjustment and pollution control
and strictly control the total emission of major pollutants. Give fully
play to the location advantage, by pushing forward the raw material
forest base construction and utilizing the overseas wood chips, develop
the forest-paper integration base. In the Pearl River Delta region, we
shall control the development intensity, utilize the commercial pulp and
waste paper for papermaking, further perfect the packaging paper board
production base, regulate the product structure, and change the unitary
product structure. Owning to the intensive industrial layout and small
business scale at some places in this region, we shall expedite the
integration of existing enterprises, wash out the outdated capacity,
strengthen the prevention and control of pollution, and promote the
industrial upgrading. In Guangxi, we shall fully utilize the local rich
bagasse resource to actively develop the local pulp and paper industry.
4. Northeast China. The Northeast China, including 3 provinces, i.e.
Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, is the main area for the development
of fast-growing and high yield forest in the North. Its paper output
accounts for approximately 2% of the national total. This region has rich
land resource, certain fibre, water resource condition and paper industry
base, we shall fully utilize the policies for revitalizing the old industrial
bases of the Northeast, appropriately develop the pulp and paper
industry at the places with favorable natural condition and water
resource condition, by relying on the large backbone pulp and paper
enterprises, strengthen the integration of high quality resource and the
technical transformation, expedite the elimination of outdated capacity.
Fully utilize the foreign fibre resource, make improvement of the young
and middle-aged forest and build the fast-growing and high yield forest
and reed base.

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5. Southwest China. The paper output of the Southwest China, including
5 provinces (regions), i.e. Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and
Tibet, accounts for approximately 6% of the national total. There are
lots of mountains and plains. It has rich water resource and has a great
potential for forest bamboo resource development, but there are
difficulties in development. In Sichuan and Chongqing, we shall focus
on the development of bamboo resource, make rational planning and
layout, and develop the bamboo pulp business. In Guizhou and Yunnan,
we can develop the wood pulp and bamboo pulp businesses with a
certain scale and turn resource advantage into economic advantage.
6. Northwest China. The paper output of the Northwest China, including
6 provinces (cities), i.e. Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai ,
Ningxia and Xinjiang, accounts for approximately 2% of the national
total. It lies in the source of rivers, the ecological environment is very
weak in most places and it lacks the fibre and water resource, so it is not
appropriate to develop paper industry. Through the merger and
reorganization of backbone enterprises, this region shall gradually
eliminate the outdated capacity, make great efforts in energy saving,
emission reduction and clean production.
(IV) Push forward clean production, protect ecological environment
1. Actively push forward energy saving and reduce consumption, realize
the high efficiency of resource utilization. Adhere to the principle of
“pay equal attention to resource development and resource conservation,
put resource conservation at the first place”, in the field of production,
circulation and consumption, try to save all kinds of resources, realize
the recovery and reutilization of the wastes arising from each link to the
maximum limit, create the most considerable economic benefit with the
least resource consumption. Firstly, strictly abide by the associated laws,
regulations and standards, ensure the new projects, expansion projects
and technical transformation projects adopt the technologies and
equipment and take the corresponding guarantee measures for resources,
energy and land saving, achieve the purpose of the decrement during the
production process. Secondly, enhance the whole industry’s
consciousness of saving and protecting water resource strictly abide by
the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water, carry out the total
quantity control and quota management in an all-around way, forcefully
develop and apply the new technology, new technique and new

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equipment concerned with water saving, strengthen the rational
development and utilization of water resource. Encourage the pulp and
paper enterprises to adopt the series connection water system and the
cyclic water system during the production process, heighten the repeated
utilization ratio of water, and reduce the consumption of fresh water. By
the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the mean water intake
per unit product will be reduced by 18% than 2010. Thirdly, make the
pulp and paper enterprises actively adopt the mature suitable recovery
and reutilization technology, realize the comprehensive utilization and
treatment of the exhaust gas (excess pressure, excess heat), waste
residue and waste solution arising from the production process, achieve
the purpose of resource recovery. Fourthly, encourage the development
of high yield paper pulp and the utilization of waste pulp for
papermaking, save the fibre resource. By the end of the “Twelfth Five-
Year Plan” period, the consumption of virgin pulp per ton paper and
paper board will be reduced to 324kg from 340kg in 2010. Fifthly, if
possible, implement the paper industry circular economy demonstration
projects, promote the comprehensive and cyclic utilization of resource,
and develop the circular economy.
2. Disseminate the clean production technology, strengthen pollution
control. Actively apply the advanced, mature, applicable,
environmentally friendly new technologies, new techniques and new
equipment for the pulp and paper production. Extensively apply the
advanced technologies concerned with the low energy consumption
cooling, alkali recovery, closed screening, oxygen delignification,
element chlorine free (ECF) bleaching, totally chlorine free (TCF)
bleaching, the production of low brightness paper pulp and paper
products, the production of unbleached pulp and paper products, etc.
Focus on the prevention and control of water pollutants, give
consideration to the treatment of exhaust gas and waste residue, adopt
the closed cycle water system, white water recovery, middle-stage
wastewater multi-level biochemical treatment, flue gas high efficiency
purification, waste residue resource recovery technologies, heighten the
level of comprehensive prevention and control, reduce the emission of
“three wastes”. Through technical transformation, make existing
enterprises to expedite the renewal of technical equipment, reduce the

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energy consumption per unit product and the pollutant discharge
amount, and enhance the level of clean production.
3. Enhance the consciousness of environmental protection, tighten
supervision and control. Firstly, attach importance to the propaganda
and execution of relevant laws, regulations, standards and policies, such
as the Environmental Protection Law, Water and Soil Conservation
Law, Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Law on the Prevention and
Control of Water Pollution, Paper industry Development Policy,
Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry
(GB3544-2008), etc., enhance the whole industry’s consciousness of
environmental protection and sense of social responsibility. Secondly,
set up the supervisory management system with government as the
guide, enterprise as the main body and society as the supervisor and
coordinator. Tighten supervision and management, strictly comply with
the environmental protection performance examination system, the law
enforcement system and the responsibility investigation system, actively
execute the environment certification and environment labeling system,
apply the clean production examination system, the environment quality
publicizing system and the enterprise environmental protection
information disclosure system, urge the public to take part in
environmental protection and supervise enterprises to practically
implement the environmental protection. Thirdly, establish the strict
access conditions for paper industry, implement the environmental
impact assessment system and the water and soil conservation plan of
construction projects, put into practice the “three-simultaneity” system
and the target responsibility system, prevent environmental pollution
and ecological damage from the source.
4. Accelerate to eliminate outdated capacity, reduce production and
decrease drain. Focus on the structural readjustment and pollution
control of paper industry in the key water basins and regions. The
existing pulp and papermaking enterprises shall further step up efforts to
eliminate the outdated techniques and equipment with serious pollution,
tighten technical transformation, wash out the chemical pulp production
line below 51, 000t/a, the 34, 000t/a non-pulp production line and the 10,
000t/a and below waste paper pulp production line, as well as the narrow
amplitude, low velocity, high consumption, low level papermaking
machine. Forbid to adopt the lime process for pulping (except for rice

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paper), restrain the application of chlorine bleaching technology in new
projects (it must be gradually eliminated by the existing enterprises),
prohibit the import of outdated secondhand pulp and papermaking
equipment from foreign countries. Perfect the “three wastes” treatment
facilities, strictly control the emission of pollutants. Rectify or shut down
the enterprises or production lines that still cannot reach the standard
within a specified time limit according to the law. During the “Twelfth
Five-Year Plan” period, continue to execute the industry withdrawal
mechanism, regulate and clarify the elimination criterion, quantify the
elimination index, and further strengthen elimination. Newly increase 3,
000, 000t/d sewage treatment capacity, eliminate over 10, 000, 000t
paper and paper board outdated production capacity.
5. Attach importance to the emission reduction of dioxin persistent
organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen. In accordance with the
National Plan of the People’s Republic of China for the Execution of
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, make
improvement in the emission reduction of the dioxin persistent organic
pollutants from China paper industry. In terms of the requirements for
the limit value of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus as
prescribed in the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and
Paper Industry (GB3544-2008), strengthen the investigation and
research on the nitrogen and phosphorous pollutants, find out the real
situation, take effective measures, focus on the upgrading of sewage
treatment plant, give prominence to the denitrification and
dephosphorization function, further reduce the discharge of pollutants
like ammonia nitrogen.
(V) Optimize corporate structure, promote merger and reorganization
1. Foster the backbone enterprises. Based on the principle of the
combination of strength and voluntary union, integrate the paper
industry resource, push forward the corporate strategic reorganization,
in the key development regions, view forest land resource as the core
element, give priority to the key enterprises with regard to the relatively
centralized forest land resource, foster some backbone enterprises and
make them become stronger and bigger, support domestic enterprises to
form the cross-regional, cross-industry, cross-ownership, transnational
comprehensive large backbone pulp and paper enterprises and enterprise
groups with international competitive power by all means, such as

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merger, acquisition, combination, reorganization and “go out”, etc.,
heighten the backbone enterprises’ ability of strategic management,
resource operation, capital operation, product manufacture and
marketing service, and enhance their core competitive power.
2. Guide small and medium-sized paper enterprises to develop in the
direction of being professional, exquisite, special and new. By executing
the horizontal combination and enterprise withdrawal mechanism,
eliminate the outdated capacity, shut down the small enterprises that
cannot meet the discharge standard, and change the situation of the large
number of enterprises, small scale of business and scattered layout.
Guide small and medium-sized enterprises to be specialized in the
segment market, be exquisite in product quality, be distinctive in
product variety and be innovative in product development.
3. Regulate the business scale and structure. Meet the requirement of
appropriate economic scale, give full play to the scale effect, except for
the special varieties, such as tissue paper, special paper and paper board,
etc., and restrict the minimum scale of new projects and expansion
projects. Try to heighten the industry concentration. By 2015, form more
than twenty 1,000,000t/a and above paper and paper board production
enterprises and three 1,000,000t/a and above wood pulp production
enterprises, boost the proportion of the top 30 enterprises’ paper and
paper board output in the total output and make it rise to 45.0% from
42.3% at the present time.
Figure 5 Minimum Scale of New Projects and Expansion
Projects During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” Period
New Project Expansion Project Elimination
(I) Pulp
1. Chemical wood pulp Single production line: Production line: below
The single production line is 100,000t/a and above. 51,000t/a.
300,000t/a and above.
2. Mechano-chemical wood pulp Single production line:
The single production line is 50,000t/a and above.
3. Chemical bamboo pulp Single production line: Single production line:
The single production line is 50,000t/a and above. below 34,000t/a.

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4. Non-wood fibre (stalk, reed, Single production line: Single production line:
bagasse, etc.) 34,000t/a and above. below 34,000t/a.
The single production line is
5. Waste paper pulp Single production line: Single production line:
The single production line is 50,000t/a and above. 10,000t/a and below.
(II) Paper and paper board
1. Newsprint paper Single production line: Single production line:
New projects and expansion projects 100,000t/a and above. below 50,000t/a.
are restricted.
2. Fine paper Single production line: Fine paper production line:
The single production line is 50,000t/a and above width 1.76m and below,
100,000t/a and above The new (including copper print velocity below 120m/min.
projects and expansion projects paper).
concerning copper print paper are
restricted.
3. Container board, white board Single production line: Container board, white
The single production line is 100,000t/a and above. board production line:
300,000t/a and above. width 2m and below,
velocity below 80m/min.
4. Corrugated paper and other paper Single production line: Corrugated paper
board 50,000t/a and above. production line: width 2m
The single production line is and below, velocity below
100,000t/a and above. 80m/min.
5. Tissue paper, special paper and The minimum scale is /
paper board not specified.
The minimum scale is not specified.

(VI) Regulate product structure, improve product quality
1. Develop the light weight, functional paper and paper board new
products. Increase the variety of paper and paper board, forcefully
develop the special paper and paper board, form the new growth point
of paper industry. Lay special stress on the development of the light
weight uncoated and coated printing paper containing mechanical pulp,
including the paper with excellent color printing property, such as fine
newsprint paper, super-calendered paper, pigment paper, light weight
coated paper, film coated offset paper, machine finishing paper, etc.; the
information, such as ink jet printing paper, thermal sensitive paper,
duplicating paper, etc.; the food packaging paper and paper board, such

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as liquid packaging board, food special packaging paper, etc.; the light
weight, high strength corrugated paper and paper board, such as the
corrugated container board used for the protection and transportation of
small and heavy commodity; the special paper and paper board with
diversified functions and high technical content, which are used for
household, building material, electric appliances, industrial filter,
mechanical industry, agriculture, information, optics, culture and art,
biochemical top technology, etc.; as well as the low brightness or
unbleached environmentally friendly products that guide the low carbon
consumption.
2. Accelerate the upgrading and updating of low grade products.
Integrate the existing resources, carry out the effective technical
transformation of the high consumption, low quality, low grade
packaging paper and paper board, printing and writing paper, tissue
paper, etc., eliminate the outdated capacity, enhance the product quality
and grade, prevent convergence and develop the products with
distinguishing features.
3. Make great efforts in the development of environmentally friendly
paper products. Expedite to lay down the standard for the low brightness
pulp and paper products and the unbleached pulp and paper products,
comply with the Technical Requirement for Environmental Labeling
Products. Make modification to the Technical Requirement for
Environmental Labeling Products---Products Made from Recycled
Paper, guide the green production and green consumption, encourage
paper enterprises to continually heighten technical level, expand the
utilization of waste paper, and actively develop the environmentally
friendly paper products.
(VII) Set up saving mode, advocate rational consumption
In terms of the requirements of building conservation-oriented society,
actively advocate the rational consumption of paper and paper board
products, form the paper consumption view of “saving paper, moderate
consumption, cyclic utilization, green and low carbon”, change the
present paper consumption tendency of unilaterally pursuing the high
brightness, save resource and reduce pollution. Revise the paper
product standard as soon as possible, upgrade some recommended
standards into compulsory standards. Encourage the development of

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the new products that meet the requirements of energy saving, emission
reduction and clean production, satisfy the polynary consumption
demand, encourage to substitute the green, low carbon paper products
for some fossil raw materials, guide green consumption. With regard to
the government procurement, according to the actual purpose of use, in
the premise of satisfying the basic demand, give priority to the paper
products that are produced with a certain proportion of waste paper,
actively push forward the digital office, and reduce the consumption of
office paper products. The press and publication industry shall,
according to the actual demand, intensify efforts to neaten the
publications and advertisements that are too excessive and try to save
paper. The packaging industry shall actively advocate the cost mode of
economy type, encourage the moderate packaging and take effective
measures to refrain excessive packaging.
V. Key Projects

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(I) Forestry-paper integration project

No Project Main Content & Key Goal Criterion
. Name Technology
1 Chemical Apply the extended Establish the reasonable raw *Newly built single
wood delignification, element material supply plan; the production line of
pulp chlorine free (ECF) water intake per ton pulp is bleached chemical
bleaching, medium and 30m3, the self-sufficiency wood pulp:
high concentration rate of energy is over 90%, 300,000t/a and
technology, alkali recovery the discharge amount of above.
system, self-supply power absorbable organic halogens *Existing
plant and full automatic (AOX) in wastewater per ton enterprise’s rebuilt
control system for the pulp is less than 0.3kg, chemical pulp
production of chemical promote the combined heat single production
wood pulp. and power generation and line: 100,000t/a
heighten the self-sufficiency and above.
rate of energy, the increased
production capacity of
chemical wood pulp is 4.30
million tons.
2 Chemical Apply the extended Establish the reasonable raw *Single production
bamboo delignification, element material supply plan; the line 100,000t/a and
pulp chlorine free (ECF) discharge amount of above.
bleaching medium and chemical oxygen demand
high concentration (COD) per ton wastewater is
technology, alkali recovery reduced by 40%, the
system, self-supply power discharge amount of
plant and full automatic absorbable organic halogens
control system for the (AOX) is reduced by 80%,
production of chemical the amount of water
bamboo pulp. Eliminate the conservation per ton pulp is
traditional cooking, 40t, promote the combined
element chlorine free heat and power generation
(ECF) bleaching and low and heighten the self-
concentration production sufficiency rate of energy,
technique. Rebuild the the increased production
bamboo pulp production capacity of chemical
line. bamboo pulp is 700,000t.
3 Mechano- Apply the high yield pulp Establish the reasonable raw *Single production
chemical production technology material supply plan; the line: 100,000t/a
wood (high concentration, yield rate of paper pulp is and above.
pulp compression and tear, over 85%, the water intake
immersion, high efficiency per ton pulp is 18m3, reduce
large disc mill, hydrogen water intake by over 40%,
peroxide bleaching, the increased production
automatic control etc.) for capacity of mechano-

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the production of mechano- chemical wood pulp is 2
chemical wood pulp. million tons.

4 Key raw Apply the high yield pulp Build 4,200,000ha fast- *Supporting forest
material forest new variety fostering growing and high yield (bamboo) base for
forest technology, the oriented forest base with standard, forest-paper
(bamboo) fostering technology and large-scale, intensive integration
base for the pest control technology. operation. projects.
paper
industry

(II) Clean production and resource utilization engineering
No. Project Name Main Content & Key Goal Criterion
Technology
1 Chemical pulp Apply the clean Reduce the discharge of *Wood pulp single
production production absorbable organic production line: over
technology technologies, such as halogens (AOX) by 80%, 100,000t/a.
transformation low energy the amount of water *Bamboo pulp
consumption cooking, conservation per ton pulp is single production
oxygen delignification, 30m3, complete the line: 51,000t/a and
element chlorine free rebuilding of 2,000,000t/a above.
(ECF) bleaching, etc. capacity. *Non-wood pulp
Rebuild the traditional production line:
production line. 34,000t/a and above.
2 Comprehensiv Apply the advanced The yield rate of pulp is *New single
e utilization of technologies, such as increased by 5%, the production line:
stalk low energy amount of water 100,000t/a and
unbleached consumption cooking, conservation per ton pulp is above.
pulp and oxygen delignification, 30m3, the amount of *Rebuilt single
products waste liquid resource pollutants generated is production line:
utilization, etc. reduced by 20%, the rebuilt 34,000t/a and above.
and newly increased
capacity is 2,000,000t.

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3 Alkali Adopt the high For the 50,000t/a alkali *50,000t/a and
recovery concentration black method chemical pulp above chemical pulp
technology liquor evaporation and projects, the recovery of system.
transformation combustion technology, alkali is 30t/d, the steam
the medium pressure or generation is 570t/d, use
sub-high pressure alkali the alkali furnace and apply
recovery furnace and the combined thermal
the turbo generator unit, power generation system
the new type green for the power supply 300
liquor, white liquor kwh/ton pulp. Reduce the
filtration and lime pollution load by over 70%.
sludge washing
equipment. Rebuild the
existing alkali recovery
system.
4 Alkali Adopt the new type For the 50,000t/a alkali *50,000t/a and
recovery and green liquor, white method chemical pulp above chemical pulp
lime sludge liquor filtration and projects, the generation of system.
resource lime sludge washing overdry calcium carbonate
utilization equipment, rebuild the is 35t/d. Eliminate the solid
technology existing causticizing waste pollution load.
transformation system, realize the
comprehensive resource
utilization of the solid
waste lime sludge.
5 Anaerobic Apply the anaerobic The generation of marsh *Single waste paper
treatment and treatment technology gas is about 1m3 per 1kg pulp production line:
marsh gas for the high biochemical oxygen 100,000t/a and
resource concentration demand (BOD). 1m3 above.
utilization wastewater arising from marsh gas can be used for *Chemical-
papermaking. Adopt the about 1.8kwh power mechanical pulp
technology for utilizing generation. Reduce the single production
marsh gas for electric pollution load by over line: 50,000t/a and
power generation. 70%. above.
Realize the *Semi-chemical
comprehensive pulp single
utilization of other production line:
resources. 50,000t/a and above.
6 Combined heat Provide the self-supply For 6MW and above *1500KW and
and power power plant in terms of combined thermal power above.
generation the steam required for generation projects, the
production, generate standard coal equivalent of
power based on the unit project is about
demand for heat, apply 15,000t.
the combined thermal
power generation, and
heighten the energy

36

Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan of Paper Industry

Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan of Paper Industry

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