1. Biogas opwaarderen met het DMT-Carborex®-MS systeem:
Volgende generatie biogas opwaarderen met behulp
van zeer selectieve gasscheidingsmembranen
J.Langerak M.Sc., Procesingenieur
DMT Environmental Technology
Jlangerak@dmt-et.nl

2. Stof %
Methaan, CH4 45-75
Koolstofdioxide, CO2 25-45
Koolstofmonoxide, CO 0-0,3
Stikstof, N2 1-15
Water, H2O verzadigd
Waterstofsulfide, H2S 0,1-0,5
Zuurstof, O2
Siloxanen, R2SiO, terpenen
sporen

3. Waarom biogas opwaarderen?
Vergister
Gas
behandeling
(ontzwaveling)
Gas
behandeling
(opwaarderen)
Groen gas
(CBG:
Compressed
BioGas)
Mobiliteit
Stroom 40%
Warmte 60%
Warmte-
krachtkoppeling
gas net

4. Op grotere schaal toegepaste technieken
• Druk wissel absorptie (PSA)
- complex/ hoge operationele kosten
+ N2 verwijdering
• Katalytische absorptie
- de chemicaliën en warmte die nodig is
+ zeer laag methaan verlies
• Cryogenic liquefaction.
- complex/ duur/ nog geen bewezen technologie/ lage energie efficiëntie
+ vloeibaar CO2
• Membraan separatie
- Bij grote schaal (10-20%)
+ Eenvoudig systeem
• Druk water wassing
- hoge kolommen
+ Geen chemicaliën nodig, eenvoudig systeem, hoge energie efficiëntie

5. Groot eis vs klein eis
• PWS: Pressurized Water Scrubbing
– High energy efficiency
– Low investment and operational cost
– Low methane slip (but still oxidizable)
– Robust system
– Most flexible system
– No chemicals

6. ISET 09-09-2009

7. • >90% of possible biogas production sites are <200m3/hr.
• 60-80% of possible biogas capacity is from small scale site.• 50-200Nm3 biogasequals 35-150 l diesel
=> 170.000-1.450.000 euro/a
Why Small-scale biogas upgrading

8. Membraan scheiding
Klein schalig:
Strong Weak
Becoming energy producer instead of user
Combination with CHP for total energy
independence
Plug and play
Low running costs
Easy to use
Compact unit which is easy to transport
Biogas replaces fossil fuels
Awareness of global warming among people and
companies
• Constant sales or usage necessary
• Very case and situation depended
• CBG is hard &expensive to store
• Need to switch (adapt) to gas running engines
• Big investment step when looking to the total chain.
(digester/ upgrading/ storage /dispenser/ adaption)
• Does not fulfill Swedish gas standards
• Transport and low storage of gas
• Not be able to inject on gas grid

9. DMT-Carborex®-MS

10. Biogas CH4
CO2
Membrane separation

11. Multi stage

12. Stage 1 Stage 2
Stage 3
Compressor
Mix vat
QI
2
QI
1
PC
1
PC
2

14. Demonstration and R&D plant at ACCRES

15. Pilot plant:
– 50m3/hr
– Fuel station
– Flexibility in:
– Membranes
– Stage configuration
– Pressure (per stage)
– Temperature (per stage)

19. Full-scale plant at Poundbury
– 650m3/hr
– Gas-to-Grid
– 40 ft container
– Compressor
– Propane injection
– H2S filter
The Poundbury project

25. 2.5 minutes stable/ on spec
Gasflow
CO2
CH4 slip
Pressure
And stays stable....30 minutes 100% stable

26. DMT-Carborex®-MS control

27. MS PWS
Commissioning (weeks) 1-2 8
Optimisation (weeks) 3 12
Maintenance Low Medium
Ease of control Low Medium
Robustness (Up time in %) 98+ 96
Ramp-up/start 2 minutes 2 hours
Flexibility (Gas fluctuation allowed in %) 0-100 50-100
Accuracy of control Calorific value/wobbe ± 0,1% ± 1%
Operational comparison PWS/MS

28. Operational comparison PWS/MS
MS PWS
Engergy consumption (kWh/Nm3) 0,20 0,23
Methane slip (%) <0,5 1
O2 removal ± 50-70% negative (± 0,1 v/v%)
CO2 in Biomethane 0,5-1,5 1-3
Required propane addition 3-5 4-7
Energy recovery (%) 98 96
Chemical use - Water
Waste stream CO2 99,5% CO2 (10-15%)

29. Conclusions
• Large scale biogas upgrading with PWS
• Large potential for small scale sites.
• Small scale biogas upgrading with MS
• Cheap, robust, simple and high energy
conversion
• Short payback periods
• Small scale biogas upgrading is the
future

30. Conclusions
For large flows
(thousands of Nm3/h)
Lowest Opex/Capex
For small/medium flows
most economic system
(Lowest Opex/Capex)
Superior performance
Plug and play
Leading technology: “Future” technology:

31. “Biogas upgrading with
the DMT-Carborex®-MS system”
Utilizing green gas to the full potential
J. Langerak M.Sc. , Process engineer
DMT Environmental Technology
jlangerak@dmt-et.nl

33. Pilot plant onderzoek
Flexigas Thema C
Decentraal gasopwerking
Pilot plant research:
- Ontzwaveling
- Methaanverwijdering
Small scale
René van der Kloet
Ivem student Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

34. 34
CH4 Pilot Testen
- Verlagen methaan emissies ivm broeikasgas (23x CO2)
- Interessant voor DMT:
PWS : lage methaan in grote luchtstroom
MS: lage methaan in grote CO2 stroom
- Pilot Plant testen Groningen
- Biologische CH4 verwijdering

35. 35
•Micro organismen
(bacteriën)
•Inert packing
•Grote porositeit
•Groot contactoppervlak
•Energieverbruik laag
•Efficient
ologische Methaan Verwijdering

36. 36
Pilot Plant onderzoek
Technische haalbaarheid nieuw type pakketmateriaal DMT-HS
- Fijner pakketmateriaal
- Meer oppervlakte per volume eenheid
- meer bacterien per volume eenheid
- hoge CH4 verwijdering per volume eenheid
- Kleinere installatie = goedkoper en makkelijker
- small-scale biogasopwaarderen  Flexigas

37. 37
Pilot Plant schematisch

38. 38
Pilot Plant

39. 39
Pilot Plant - besturing

40. 40
Resultaten

41. 41
Resultaten
Literatuur: EC’s 35 mogelijk, 50% pakketmateriaal benut

42. 42
Resultaten

43. 43
Resultaten

44. 44
Resultaten

45. 45
Results
EC’s up to 35 are possible according to theory.
Pilot measured EC 20 - 25
Doubling the EC (due to 50% PM used by bacteria) will
give EC’s 40 - 50.