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ROME
Timeline of periods and events in Roman history 
Foundation 
of Rome 
MONARCHY 
753 BC 
The Republic 
is established in Rome 
REPUBLIC 
509 BC 
Begining of the First 
Punic War 
264 B.C. 
Begining of the Second 
Punic War 
218 B.C. 
Ceasar starts 
The conquest 
of Gaul 
58 B.C. 
Begining of the Third 
Punic War 
149 B.C.
E M P I R E 
Octavian Augustus, 
First emperor 
27 B.C. 
Edict of Caracalla Roman citezenship 
For all free men in the Empire 
212 AD 
Edict of Thessalonica 
Emperor Theodosius 
Declares Christianty the official 
religion of the Empire 
380 AD 
Edict of Milan. 
Emperor Constantine 
Christianty no longer 
suffers persecution 
313 AD
EASTER 
EMPIRE 
WESTER 
EMPIRE 
GERMANIC KINGDOMS 
MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN 
KINGDOM 
Fall of 
The Western 
Roman Empire 
476 AD 
1453 AD 
BYZANCE 
End of the Eastern 
Roman Empire 
Justinian
THE EMPIRE 
JULIO-CLAUDIA DINASTY 
NERÓ 
CLAUDIUS 
CALIGULA 
TIBERIUS 
OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS
The Pax Romana 
• The Pax Romana( Roman Peace) 
• Is the period between the first and second Century AD, 
when the Roman Empire reached its maximun expansion 
and enjoyed peace inside its frontiers. 
• Romans conquered although they introduced 
Romanisation: Towns, Latin Language and Roads
VESPASIAN AND TITUS 
FLAVIA DINASTY
TRAJAN Y ADRIAN 
Both are country men 
Ours were born in Italica
MARCUS AURELIUS Y COMMODUS
DIOCLECIANUS Y CONSTANTINE 
WITH THIS SIGN YOU CONQUER
FRAGMENTATION OF THE EMPIRE IN 395 
THEODOSIUS 
HONORIUS ARCADIUS
The crisis of the third century 
• Political crisis 
The Roman legions suffered 
their first defeats by the 
barbarians. 
• Economic crisis 
The conquest ended there were 
fewer slaves to work. The 
empire became poorer. 
• Social crisis 
Taxes increased and this caused 
migration from the towns to 
the country.
THE END OF THE WESTERN ROMAN 
EMPIRE 
Atila king of the huns 
ODOACRE, 
LEADER OF THE 
HERULI , PUT AND 
END TO THE 
WESTERN ROMAN 
IN 476
The economy 
• The Roman economy 
was built on slaves; It 
was based mainly on 
the generalised use of 
slaves to work both in 
agricultural as well as 
urban activities 
Farming: Mediterranean crop 
The mining and crafts 
Craftwork and Commercial activity
Roman Society 
• There were two groups: 
• The citizens: When the plebeians were 
given the same political rights as the 
patrician, social division was based on 
wealth. 
• The non citizen: 
• Conquered population 
• Foreigners. 
• Freedmen. Slaves that had been freed 
by the owners( manumission) 
• Slaves.
Lares 
Roman gods and worship 
Jano 
Official religion 
Claudius as a god 
Private religion 
Manes Penates
ARCHITECTURE 
• The architecture was practical and 
functional. They learnt to absorb 
influences like Greeks, and adapt them 
to their needs 
• Materials: stone, bricks and concrete 
• The ceilings were flat and supported by 
columns. 
• They also used arches and domes. 
• Religious buildings: temples and 
tombs( catacombs) 
• Public buildings: 
Circuses, amphitheatres, theatres and 
therms
Rome
ROMAN TEMPLES
BUILDINGS FOR ENTERTAINMENT 
THEATRE AMPHITHEATRE
THERMS AND CIRCUS 
CARACALLA’S THERMS 
CIRCUS
COMMEMORATIVE BUILDINGS 
CONSTANTINE’S ARCH 
TRAJAN’S COLUMN
ROMAN ENGINEERING 
• The Romans left roads, bridges and 
aqueducts, as part of their legacy
Sculpture 
• Sculpture copied Greek 
models, but developes 
two new genres. 
• The portrait( funerary 
masks for the dead very 
realistic) 
• The historical relief 
( used to decorate public 
buildings)
PAINTINGS AND MOSAICS 
• The paintings that survive are 
frescoes, used to decorate the walls 
of Roman Villas. 
• The mosaics were made with 
small pieces of coloured stone 
and were used to decorate floors. 
MOSAICS
HISPALIS…WHIT THESE STICKS 
HERCULE AND 
JULIUS CÉSAR 
AQUEDUCT OF CARMONA 
MÁRMOLES STREET 
JULIUS CESAR
A little contest… 
1 What form of government started with 
Augustus? 
2 What is Roman Peace? 
3 When did the expansion of the empire end? 
Give three causes for it. 
4 Which emperor divided the Empire? Why did 
he do this? 
5 Which two groups comprised Roman society?
6 Name two Roman contributions to culture. 
7 Which materials did Roman use for 
construction? 
8 which two new types of scupture did the 
Romans develop? 
9 What part of the house was dcorate with 
paintings? What part was decorate with 
mosaics?
Look al the illustrations and classify 
them: 
• Sculpture, Portrait, Historical relief, Mosaic 
1 
2 
3 
4

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Rome

  • 2. Timeline of periods and events in Roman history Foundation of Rome MONARCHY 753 BC The Republic is established in Rome REPUBLIC 509 BC Begining of the First Punic War 264 B.C. Begining of the Second Punic War 218 B.C. Ceasar starts The conquest of Gaul 58 B.C. Begining of the Third Punic War 149 B.C.
  • 3. E M P I R E Octavian Augustus, First emperor 27 B.C. Edict of Caracalla Roman citezenship For all free men in the Empire 212 AD Edict of Thessalonica Emperor Theodosius Declares Christianty the official religion of the Empire 380 AD Edict of Milan. Emperor Constantine Christianty no longer suffers persecution 313 AD
  • 4. EASTER EMPIRE WESTER EMPIRE GERMANIC KINGDOMS MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN KINGDOM Fall of The Western Roman Empire 476 AD 1453 AD BYZANCE End of the Eastern Roman Empire Justinian
  • 5. THE EMPIRE JULIO-CLAUDIA DINASTY NERÓ CLAUDIUS CALIGULA TIBERIUS OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS
  • 6. The Pax Romana • The Pax Romana( Roman Peace) • Is the period between the first and second Century AD, when the Roman Empire reached its maximun expansion and enjoyed peace inside its frontiers. • Romans conquered although they introduced Romanisation: Towns, Latin Language and Roads
  • 7. VESPASIAN AND TITUS FLAVIA DINASTY
  • 8. TRAJAN Y ADRIAN Both are country men Ours were born in Italica
  • 9. MARCUS AURELIUS Y COMMODUS
  • 10. DIOCLECIANUS Y CONSTANTINE WITH THIS SIGN YOU CONQUER
  • 11. FRAGMENTATION OF THE EMPIRE IN 395 THEODOSIUS HONORIUS ARCADIUS
  • 12. The crisis of the third century • Political crisis The Roman legions suffered their first defeats by the barbarians. • Economic crisis The conquest ended there were fewer slaves to work. The empire became poorer. • Social crisis Taxes increased and this caused migration from the towns to the country.
  • 13. THE END OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Atila king of the huns ODOACRE, LEADER OF THE HERULI , PUT AND END TO THE WESTERN ROMAN IN 476
  • 14. The economy • The Roman economy was built on slaves; It was based mainly on the generalised use of slaves to work both in agricultural as well as urban activities Farming: Mediterranean crop The mining and crafts Craftwork and Commercial activity
  • 15. Roman Society • There were two groups: • The citizens: When the plebeians were given the same political rights as the patrician, social division was based on wealth. • The non citizen: • Conquered population • Foreigners. • Freedmen. Slaves that had been freed by the owners( manumission) • Slaves.
  • 16. Lares Roman gods and worship Jano Official religion Claudius as a god Private religion Manes Penates
  • 17. ARCHITECTURE • The architecture was practical and functional. They learnt to absorb influences like Greeks, and adapt them to their needs • Materials: stone, bricks and concrete • The ceilings were flat and supported by columns. • They also used arches and domes. • Religious buildings: temples and tombs( catacombs) • Public buildings: Circuses, amphitheatres, theatres and therms
  • 20. BUILDINGS FOR ENTERTAINMENT THEATRE AMPHITHEATRE
  • 21. THERMS AND CIRCUS CARACALLA’S THERMS CIRCUS
  • 22. COMMEMORATIVE BUILDINGS CONSTANTINE’S ARCH TRAJAN’S COLUMN
  • 23. ROMAN ENGINEERING • The Romans left roads, bridges and aqueducts, as part of their legacy
  • 24. Sculpture • Sculpture copied Greek models, but developes two new genres. • The portrait( funerary masks for the dead very realistic) • The historical relief ( used to decorate public buildings)
  • 25. PAINTINGS AND MOSAICS • The paintings that survive are frescoes, used to decorate the walls of Roman Villas. • The mosaics were made with small pieces of coloured stone and were used to decorate floors. MOSAICS
  • 26. HISPALIS…WHIT THESE STICKS HERCULE AND JULIUS CÉSAR AQUEDUCT OF CARMONA MÁRMOLES STREET JULIUS CESAR
  • 27. A little contest… 1 What form of government started with Augustus? 2 What is Roman Peace? 3 When did the expansion of the empire end? Give three causes for it. 4 Which emperor divided the Empire? Why did he do this? 5 Which two groups comprised Roman society?
  • 28. 6 Name two Roman contributions to culture. 7 Which materials did Roman use for construction? 8 which two new types of scupture did the Romans develop? 9 What part of the house was dcorate with paintings? What part was decorate with mosaics?
  • 29. Look al the illustrations and classify them: • Sculpture, Portrait, Historical relief, Mosaic 1 2 3 4