2. KREN CW NEWS WEATHER SPORTS COMMUNITY Reno Sparks Lake Tahoe, KREN.com | Want to Save Water? Consider Green Landscaping
really involves minimizing the areas of your yard that need a lot of life support, he says.
In general, the transition to water-wise landscaping has two components. First, you need to
rethink your lawn, focusing on the minimum size that fits your family's needs. Knopf says you
can make your lawn smaller by simply putting in border gardens. You can also create gardens or
mulched beds in areas that are difficult to maintain and water -- along fences, on steep slopes or
in corners. If local home buyers expect a big backyard for kids and dogs to romp in, concentrate
on the front yard.
The second task is to remove water-needy exotic plants and fill your beds with drought-tolerant
trees, shrubs, ground cover, flowers and turf grass (such as buffalo and Bermuda). If you're
loath to give up all your water-intensive exotics, gather them in one area, where you can quench
their greater thirst most efficiently.
Your garden can be any style you like. Joanne Kostecky, a landscape designer in Allentown, Pa.,
and a past president of the American Nursery and Landscape Association, says she continues to
design gardens that are lush, full and continuously blooming, but she now looks for hardier
perennials that need less water to stay healthy.
It costs no more to install a water-wise landscape than a thirsty one, and it may cost
substantially less, depending on the plants you choose and whether you avoid expensive
automatic irrigation. While establishing any new landscape requires more water in the first year
or so, a water-wise one will require less water from start to maturity -- about 20% to 50% less,
with more savings if you do without an irrigation system.
In San Diego, where hefty water bills have hit homeowners hard, landscape designer Rubin
specializes in native California landscapes that use 60% to 90% less water than nonnative
plants. Rubin has seen residential water bills for 50,000 to 100,000 gallons a month, which he
attributes to trying to sustain a Florida-like landscape -- two palm trees, some ice plants and a
ton of lawn -- in a Mediterranean climate. "The cost might have been $200 to $400 a month
before, but now it's $600 to $800 a month," says Rubin.
His strategy is to plant a "strong backbone" of evergreen plants that differ in color, texture and
size, and place perennials along pathways so that they're easy to get to for pruning. The cost of
installation is about the same as for a conventional landscape ($4 to $7 per square foot), he
says, but his clients get a quick return on their investment because they save on water bills.
If your community imposes water restrictions, your plants might not grow as much as they
would otherwise. But they won't die, either, and you'll spend less on replacements. Over the
long run, all the costs associated with lawn maintenance will be lower than for a nonnative
landscape. Plus, those border gardens will eventually shield your lawn from view when you don't
feel like mowing it, says Knopf.
Before you start planting, check with your municipality or homeowners association to make sure
you don't run afoul of restrictions on such things as grass height. In Colorado, Knopf says, it's
illegal to prohibit xeriscaping. Your local government may even pay you to downsize your lawn.
In Las Vegas, the Southern Nevada Water Authority rebates homeowners $1.50 per square foot
of grass removed and replaced with xeriscape (up to 2,500 square feet annually).
Rainwater harvesting
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3. KREN CW NEWS WEATHER SPORTS COMMUNITY Reno Sparks Lake Tahoe, KREN.com | Want to Save Water? Consider Green Landscaping
Capturing rainwater is a smart way to give your landscaping a chlorine-free drink without paying
municipal rates. A rainwater-harvesting system typically channels the water from the roof via
your home's downspouts into a tank or cistern. A filtration device keeps out roof debris; in larger
systems, a pump helps move water out of the tank.
In Austin, Tex., where rainfall averages 32 inches a year, a homeowner with a 2,500-square-
foot roof could collect almost 45,000 gallons of rainwater in a typical year. In the Mid Atlantic
states, a home with a 2,000-square-foot roof could collect 60,000 gallons.
The least-expensive system is a rain barrel, which holds 55 to 75 gallons and costs about $100.
You can use just one, or link several together, as a gravity-fed source of drip irrigation for
nearby flower beds. Rain barrels are usually made of plastic, and they come with an overflow
spout, a valve near the bottom for filling your watering can and a screened lid to keep
mosquitoes out. You can also prevent mosquitoes, which need six to nine days in standing water
to mature, by regularly tapping the barrel. Many cities, such as Austin, Seattle, and Cary, N.C.,
sell barrels at a discount. You can also purchase them from nursery and garden retailers or from
online sources, such as www.rainsaverusa.com.
To meet larger-scale needs -- such as supplementing your lawn's irrigation system, creating a
fire-protection reserve or even using captured rainwater indoors (which requires more-careful
filtration and treatment) -- you may need a storage tank, above or below ground, that holds
thousands of gallons. Contact a specialist who can help you analyze your situation, supply and
install the system, and help you maintain it. (To locate a specialist, go to the site of the
American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association or www.harvesth2o.com.) Atlanta Water
Conservation advertises complete above-ground systems for $1,500 to $7,500 and below-
ground systems for $5,000 to $10,000. In Texas, Rain Catchment Systems says that it averages
$1 per gallon of capacity for design, materials and installation. (For a guide to rainwater
harvesting, visit the Web site of Texas A&M University's office of cooperative extension.)
Some cities offer rebates for installing such systems (Austin gives home-owners up to $500
toward the cost of installing one that handles more than 300 gallons). But you may need a
permit first. In Colorado, for example, capturing rainfall (even in a rain barrel) is prohibited. And
water-conservation expert Amy Vickers, in Amherst, Mass., worries that well-meaning
harvesters who go gung-ho providing for household use may further disrupt the natural process
of groundwater recharging and contribute to the low-flow problems of creeks and rivers.
A rain garden
Runoff is another aspect of the water-conservation problem. Because plots are often compacted
and scraped clean of topsoil during development, they're less absorbent to start with -- and turf
grasses absorb less water than other kinds of vegetation. Water sluices off our yards into our
basements or onto neighbors' yards; into our watersheds, polluting drinking water at its source;
and into municipal storm drains, increasing the load on water-treatment plants.
A cost-effective solution for most people is a rain garden -- a shallow depression lined with
trees, shrubs and plants that mind neither drought nor inundation, cope well with the heavy
nutrients in storm-water runoff and absorb many times the amount of water that turf grasses
do. A rain garden will capture the rainwater and allow it to percolate into the ground, where it
will recharge streams, aquifers and wells, says Dick Peterson, of Austin Energy's Green-Building
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