Re-organizing of Local Disaster Prevention Capabilities through Scenario-based Risk Communication

1. Taiyoung Lee , Hiroaki Tsubokawa, Toshinari Nagasaka Re-organizing of Local Disaster Prevention Capabilities through Scenario-based Risk Communication - A Case Study of Tsukuba City in Japan - N ational Research I nstitute for E arth Science and D isaster Prevention Japan The 3 rd IDRC in Davos 2010

2. Overall Scheme of Interdisciplinary approach to “ disaster risk communication ” for improving “risk governance” in the long-term perspective Before After Multi-layered networking among organizations of residents, communities, NPOs, business that are associated with local common resources Risk- scenarios with risk-profile or risk- mapping based on DRIP Improvement of risk governance in terms of prevention, emergency, relief and recovery responses in the long-term perspective Traditional attitude for waiting governmental help Collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders who are associated with local common resources Traditional Disaster Prevention Systems (Fire brigade, disaster management authorities, neighborhood associations, etc.) Drills of self-management of evacuation center and/or joint local response center Disaster Risk Information Platform (DRIP) (Integration of disaster risk knowledge among experts, residents and communities) Formal drills of fire-fighting , evacuation, etc. Collaborative Risk Reduction Activities Disaster Coping Capacity (revealed and latent context)

3. 1.Introduction ・ Improving local disaster coping capabilities ・ Revaluating measures and reorganizing systems ● Countermeasures for reducing disaster risks vary by locality ; The degree and type of damage depends on local features (such as climate, population, geology, and other local conditions) ⇒ DRIP project team have developed the three RC tools ; Making Risk-Scenarios, Risk-Maps and Drills for Disaster Prevention (to improve disaster coping capabilities and decrease disaster risk in local communities) Effective! Individual Disaster prevention association Shelter Operation Organization Neighborhood association NPO Volunteer Government Disaster Expert Individual resident School Store and Business Making Risk-Maps Plan & Drills Making Risk-Scenarios

4. 1.Introduction ● Countermeasures for reducing disaster risks vary by locality ; The degree and type of damage depends on local features (such as climate, population, geology, and other local conditions) ⇒ DRIP project team have developed the three RC tools ; Making Risk-Scenarios, Risk-Maps and Drills for Disaster Prevention (to improve disaster coping capabilities and decrease disaster risk in local communities) ・ Improving local disaster coping capabilities ・ Revaluating measures and reorganizing systems Effective! Disaster Scenarios based on Risk Perception about potential damage Self-governing Resident Associations Local Authorities NPOs Private Entrepreneurs Disaster experts Various Independent Communities

5. ・ Object Area : Tsukuba elementary school area (Residents‘ association:4, Population:2,924, Households:882) ・ Contents : Workshops and drill ・ Participants : Residents collaborated with the many community groups (Residents, Local Authorities, Governments, Disaster Experts…) ・ Goals : Considering the countermeasures for local disasters ⇒ Describe the effect of the three RC tools for disaster prevention 1.Introduction ● A Series of Workshops and Drill for Disaster RC (Risk Communication) ◆ Workshop ① ・ Presume Earthquake ・ Estimate the damage Making Risk-Scenarios ◆ Workshop ② ・ Walk around town ・ Discover disaster info. Making Risk-Maps ◆ Drill ● Confirm the safety ● Evacuation to the shelter ● Operation of the shelter STEP1 STEP3 STEP2 14 .Nov.2009 21 .Nov.2009 24 .Jan.2010

6. Tsukuba elementary school area 1.Introduction Japan > Ibaraki Pref. > Tsukuba City > Tsukuba elementary school area Japan Ibaraki Pref. Tsukuba city ● Where is Tsukuba elementary school area (Residents‘ association:4, Population:2,924, Households:882)

7. 2.Workshop① (1) Specifying the Earthquakes in Tsukuba City (2) Estimating the Degree of Damage (3) Considering Countermeasures ⇒ Making Risk-Scenarios ● A Series of Workshops and Drill for Disaster RC (Risk Communication) ◆ Workshop ① ・ Presume Earthquake ・ Estimate the damage Making Risk-Scenarios ◆ Workshop ② ・ Walk around town ・ Discover disaster info. Making Risk-Maps ◆ Drill ● Confirm the safety ● Evacuation to the shelter ● Operation of the shelter STEP1 STEP3 STEP2 14 .Nov.2009 21 .Nov.2009 24 .Jan.2010

8. 2(1) Presumption the Earthquakes in Tsukuba City ● Hazard Maps (Tsukuba city) Area around Tsukuba elementary school

9. ・ About 9:00a.m., Weekday, Winter ・ The Earthquake occure directly underneath expected to have a M6.9 ・ The Earthquake of 6 degrees intensity in this area ・ Residents and Structures ・ Lifelines (such as electricity, water, and gas services) ・ Traffic and Tourist ・ Quality of life in Evacuation Shelter ・ Elderly, Handicapped and Infant persons ・ The residents don’t understand the role at a shelter ・ Welfare and Nursing-care facilities, Hospitals etc. 2(2) Estimating the Degree of Damage ● Precondition ● Estimate the Degree of possible damage

10. 2(3) Considering Countermeasures ● Timeline ・ About 9:00a.m., Weekday, Winter ・ The Earthquake occure directly underneath expected to have a M6.9 ・ The Earthquake of 6 degrees intensity in this area ● Precondition Theme1 ： Safety confirmation and emergency action Theme2 ： Warning & Guiding instruction to evacuation shelter Theme3 ： Operating the evacuation shelter Earthquake （ Weekday, Winter ） Theme4 ： Supporting continuous care in the shelter

11. ● Situation and Role of stakeholders (Evacuees in different characters, local welfare officer, etc.) 2(3) Considering Countermeasures Situation Role of stakeholders Problem

12. 2(3) Considering Countermeasures Making Risk-Scenarios

13. (1)Walking around the area (2)Discovering information about hazard, resource, landmark (3)Recording on the map ⇒ Making Risk-Maps 3.Workshop② ● A Series of Workshops and Drill for Disaster RC (Risk Communication) ◆ Workshop ① ・ Presume Earthquake ・ Estimate the damage Making Risk-Scenarios ◆ Workshop ② ・ Walk around town ・ Discover disaster info. Making Risk-Maps ◆ Drill ● Confirm the safety ● Evacuation to the shelter ● Operation of the shelter STEP1 STEP3 STEP2 14 .Nov.2009 21 .Nov.2009 24 .Jan.2010

14. 3.Workshop② ● Making Risk-Maps (1)Walking around the area (2)Discovering information about hazard, resource, landmark (3)Recording on the map ⇒ The disaster prevention map was created, and They verified the necessary goods, resource and routes for the evacuation or the supply on the map 洪水被害 想定分布 急傾斜 崖崩れ 危険区域 避難所 消火栓 井戸 避難経路

15. 3.Workshop② ● Making Risk-Maps Making Risk-Maps

16. 3.Workshop② ● Making Risk-Maps Hazard Evacuation Routes Supply routes Senior resident Damaged site resource

17. (1) Devising of Disaster Prevention Drill’s Plan (2) Adjustment of Resident Evacuation System (3) Organizing of Evacuation Shelter Operations (4) Execution of Disaster Prevention Drill ⇒ Attempt for Improving the Community’s Prevention Capabilities 4.Attempt for Improving the Community’s Coping Capabilities ◆ Workshop ① ・ Presume Earthquake ・ Estimate the damage Making Risk-Scenarios ◆ Workshop ② ・ Walk around town ・ Discover disaster info. Making Risk-Maps ◆ Drill ● Confirm the safety ● Evacuation to the shelter ● Operation of the shelter STEP1 STEP3 STEP2 14 .Nov.2009 21 .Nov.2009 24 .Jan.2010

18. ● As a result of workshops ● Making Risk-Scenarios based on 4 themes (Prior condition : Earthquake strikes during the daytime hours of a weekday) ・ The senior residents make up most of the population in the area -> Can't move to the shelter because it is too far -> Need special-care equipment to stay at a shelter District Public Evacuation Shelter 4(1) Devising of Disaster Prevention Drill’s Plan ・ The organizational framework for disaster prevention is not prepared -> The residents don’t understand how the quality of life is at a shelter -> There isn’t stocks in the shelters (such as emergency foods and goods) Public Evacuation Shelter Evacuation

19. ・ To resolve the senior residents’ mobility problems ⇒ A communal facility was set up in the area as an independent shelter ・ For people requiring equipment for special-care ⇒ Day-care center was set up as a welfare shelter ・ For evacuation of senior residents living near Tsukuba Mt. ⇒ a Spa hotel near Tsukuba Mt. was set up as a temporary shelter District Public Evacuation Shelter Welfare Shelter ● Countermeasures -> Adjusted Evacuation System 4(2) Adjustment of Resident Evacuation System Community center Welfare Evacuation Shelter Public Evacuation Shelter Evacuation

20. 4(3) Organizing Evacuation Shelter Operations ・ The residents committee of operating evacuation shelter was established. ・ The roles of each group were confirmed ● Countermeasures -> Organizing evacuation shelter operations

21. 4(4) Execution of Disaster Prevention Drill ● The Simulation of Evacuation Shelter Operations Evacuation Shelter Operating Committees (Simulation)

22. Disaster Prevention Drill (Squad ‘s action) General Affairs Provisions Relief Foods and Goods Information 4(4) Execution of Disaster Prevention Drill ● The Squad ‘s action for operating of the evacuation shelter

23. ◆ Making Risk-Dramas ・ With the residents as participants ・ Local community FM radio station 6 .Apr.2010 5.Making Risk-Radio Dramas for Disaster Prevention ◆ Workshop ① ・ Presume Earthquake ・ Estimate the damage Making Risk-Scenarios ◆ Workshop ② ・ Walk around town ・ Discover disaster info. Making Risk-Maps ◆ Drill ● Confirm the safety ● Evacuation to the shelter ● Operation of the shelter STEP1 STEP3 STEP2 14 .Nov.2009 21 .Nov.2009 24 .Jan.2010

24. ドラマ本体収録 放送 ● The Process Making Risk-Scenarios ＋ Making Risk-Maps ＋ Drills 5.Making Risk-Radio Dramas for Disaster Prevention ・ Disaster Prevention Radio Dramas... ? ? ? Practice 関係者のコメント Response Recording Writing a play On air 関係者のコメント Response Transcription Reflection

25. ● With the residents as participants 5.Making Risk-Radio Dramas for Disaster Prevention Making Risk-Dramas in Community FM

26. ● Radio Dramas to Continue RC ・ Disaster Prevention Radio Dramas... - aired on a local community FM radio station - describes the local community’s disaster risk and the residents’ roles - can be broadcast by a local FM radio, over the Internet, at schools, etc. ⇒ creates opportunities in local communities to learn about a disaster to discuss local disaster prevention to understand the necessary countermeasures at disaster 5.Making Risk-Radio Dramas for Disaster Prevention Disaster Prevention Radio Drama

27. 6.Conclusions ● The effects of this case study The residents and various groups of the executive committee can together overcome the community problems through the RC tools. ⇒ It was enable... - to think about deliberately countermeasures for coping with disaster in terms of human and common resources in their communities . - to understand how the evacuation shelter is managed for improving their quality of lives in the shelter . Continuous RC Plan & Drills Making Risk-Maps Making Risk-Scenarios Making Risk-Dramas On Air and Response