This document discusses the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill and analyzes its trauma signature compared to other disasters. It finds that the oil spill was an extreme environmental catastrophe and technological disaster caused by BP that had a prolonged duration with extensive media coverage. While there was no loss of life, it had multi-impact effects and corporate culpability. The response was rapid, funded and coordinated.
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...
DAVOS GRF5 TSIG DEEPWATER HORIZON
1. Presented at: 5th
International Disaster and Risk Conference (IDRC)
Global Risk Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 24-28 August 2014
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill:
The Trauma Signature of an Ecological Disaster
2. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe
Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media
Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP
4444
3333
2222
1111
Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability
5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors
6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response
2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features
3. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe
Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media
Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP
4444
3333
2222
1111
Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability
5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors
6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response
2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features
13. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe
Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media
Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP
4444
3333
2222
1111
Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability
5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors
6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response
2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features
14. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1/4/2010 3/4/2010 5/4/2010 7/4/2010 9/4/2010
HAITI 2010HAITI 2010
EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE
DEEPWATERDEEPWATER
HORIZONHORIZON
OIL SPILLOIL SPILL
WeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USAWeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USA
2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA
Source: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.orgSource: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.org
TRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERSTRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERS
15. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1/4/2010 3/4/2010 5/4/2010 7/4/2010 9/4/2010
HAITI 2010HAITI 2010
EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE
DEEPWATERDEEPWATER
HORIZONHORIZON
OIL SPILLOIL SPILL
WeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USAWeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USA
2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA
Source: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.orgSource: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.org
TRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERSTRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERS
OIL LEAKOIL LEAK
PLUGGEDPLUGGED
16. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe
Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media
Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP
4444
3333
2222
1111
Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability
5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors
6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response
2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features
17. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe
Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media
Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP
4444
3333
2222
1111
Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability
5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors
6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response
2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features
23. 2010 DEEPWATER2010 DEEPWATER
HORIZON OIL SPILLHORIZON OIL SPILL
$52 million specifically$52 million specifically
earmarked for disasterearmarked for disaster
behavioral healthbehavioral health
response and researchresponse and research
with $10M to SAMHSAwith $10M to SAMHSA
Sharon Larson SAMHSASharon Larson SAMHSA
Deborah Gould CDCDeborah Gould CDC
24. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
NSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and HealthNSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and Health
GCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster AreaGCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster Area
GSPS: Gulf States Population SurveyGSPS: Gulf States Population Survey
25. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
NSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and HealthNSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and Health
GCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster AreaGCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster Area
GSPS: Gulf States Population SurveyGSPS: Gulf States Population Survey
26. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
NSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and HealthNSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and Health
GCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster AreaGCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster Area
GSPS: Gulf States Population SurveyGSPS: Gulf States Population Survey
27. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
NSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and HealthNSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and Health
GCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster AreaGCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster Area
GSPS: Gulf States Population SurveyGSPS: Gulf States Population Survey
28. RISK FACTORS FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
AND DISORDERS
EXPOSURE SEVERITY
N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
HH
AA
ZZ
AA
RR
DD
Severe Exposure to Hazards N/A <10,000 >10,000 500,000 >1
million
>10
million
Strong Fear/Life Threat N/A 100s >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
>10
million
Epidemic Infectious Disease N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
>10
million
Personal Physical Injury N/A <100 >100 1,300 >10,000 >100,000
Witnessing Grotesque Scenes N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 200,000 >1
million
Human-Generated Contribution N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
Intentional Human Causation N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
Multiple High Intensity Impacts
Katrina, Economic Crisis, DWH
N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
29. RISK FACTORS FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
AND DISORDERS
EXPOSURE SEVERITY
N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
LL
OO
SS
SS
Mortality N/A 11 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
Bereaved Survivors N/A 50 >4,000 >40,000 >400,000 >4
million
Loss of Primary Dwelling N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
Severe Financial Losses N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
National Financial Losses
PAID BY BRITISH PETROLEUM
N/A < $100
million
> $10
million
> $100
million
> $1
billion
$20-40
billion
EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
30. RISK FACTORS FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
AND DISORDERS
EXPOSURE SEVERITY
N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
CC
HH
AA
NN
GG
EE
Total Affected Persons N/A <1004,000 >100,000 1
million
>10
million
>100
million
Evacuation N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
Long-Term Displacement/Relocation N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
Disruption of Essential Services N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
>10
million
Lack of Food, Clean Water N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1
million
>10
million
Damage to Infrastructure N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
Enduring Ecological Impact N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
31. RISK FACTORS FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
AND DISORDERS
EXPOSURE SEVERITY
N/A Low Moderate Severe Very
Severe
Extreme
HH
AA
ZZ
AA
RR
DD
Severe Exposure to Hazards
Strong Fear/Life Threat
Personal Physical Injury
Witnessing Grotesque Scenes
Human-Generated
Intentional Human Causation
Multiple High Intensity Impacts
LL
OO
SS
SS
Mortality
Bereaved Survivors
Loss of Primary Dwelling
Severe Financial Losses
National Financial Losses
CC
HH
AA
NN
GG
EE
Total Affected
Displacement/Relocation
Disruption of Essential Services
Lack of Food, Clean Water
Damage to Infrastructure
TSIG SUMMARY: DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLTSIG SUMMARY: DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL