Floating ecocities as a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of delta areas
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Rutger De GRAAF1,2 1Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands, Kingdom of the; 2DeltaSync, Delft, the Netherlands
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Floating ecocities as a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of delta areas
- 1. Natural Hazard Resilient Cities 28 August 2012 8:30-10.00 Global Risk Forum Davos 2012 International Risk and Disaster Conference
- 2. The concept of vulnerability Type Time Responsibility orientation Threshold Damage Past Clear Capacity prevention Coping Damage Instant Not clear Capacity reduction Recovery Damage Instant/ Not clear Capacity reaction future Adaptive Damage Future Undefined Capacity anticipation Graaf, R.E. de , F.H.M. van de Ven en N.C. van de Giesen (2009) Alternative water management options to reduce vulnerability for climate change in the Netherlands. Natural Hazards. Nat Hazards 51, pp 407–422
- 3. Outline • Marie Toubin: Promote urban resilience through collaborative urban services management • Heinrich Webler: Flood risk management – ceating efficiency by stakeholder involvement • Rutger de Graaf: Floating ecocities as a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of delta areas • Plenary discussion
- 4. Floating ecocities as a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of delta areas 28 August 2012 Global Risk Forum Davos 2012 DeltaSync BV & Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences Dr. ir. Rutger de Graaf
- 5. Why Floating food cities will save the world © DeltaSync, 2012
- 6. Main challenge of 21st century • How to accomodate 4.5 billion additional city dwellers until 2100 while resources such as: – Fossil fuels – Fresh water – Phosphates and fertile soil – Biodiversity stocks are being depleted, and • Flood damage is expected to increase from 20 billion US$ to 50 billion US$ until 2100, even without climate change © DeltaSync, 2012
- 7. Land shortage 2050 Current shortage: 50 Mkm² Future shortage: 175 Mkm² © DeltaSync, 2012
- 8. Situation with all best practices Shortage: 12 Mkm² © DeltaSync, 2012
- 9. Where to go? Desert? : water resources are lacking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barnard's_Ga laxy.jpg Space?? : still too expensive http://www.mega-tapety.info/krajobrazy- polaipustynie-1414.html
- 10. The ocean ! “We are tied to the ocean. And when we go back to the sea, whether it is to sail or to watchhttp://www.philipp- back from - we are going whence we came.” - John F. Kennedy winterberg.com/galerie/mexico_wallpaper.php
- 11. Solution © DeltaSync, 2012
- 12. Enough space Ocean surface: 361 Mkm2 Needed: 3,3% © DeltaSync, 2012
- 13. More efficient LAND WATER Agriculture Livestock Mariculture 200 x as efficient Crops Hydroponics Urbanization Conventional Floating 1 x as efficient Biofuel Sugarcane Algae 20 x as efficient WHY? - Fish don’t use energy heating for their body - Algae don’t need to produce vascular tissue - Waterbased species evolved over many million years earlier - Waterbased species do not need fresh water resources © DeltaSync, 2012
- 14. More efficient • 1 on water = 50 on land © DeltaSync, 2012
- 15. Other benefits • Using waste from the city for food production • CO2 reduction • Saving fresh water • Climate proof city expansion • Small part of ocean is needed, the rest can be converted into nature reserves • More citizen influence in water, energy and food production • Local democracy © DeltaSync, 2012
- 16. Concept Current cities Floating city Linear metabolism Closed cycle © DeltaSync, 2012
- 18. © DeltaSync, 2012 Using waste from the city for food production
- 19. © DeltaSync, 2012 Using waste from the city for food production
- 21. Benefits CO2 Amount of food © DeltaSync, 2012
- 22. Optimisation • 44% of the world food demand could be met by using the available (waste) nutrients and CO2 from cities. • A total floating area of the size of Germany (358.800 km2) would be enough for 44% of the world food demand. • In this optimal ratio 13% of the population would live in the floating cities. © DeltaSync, 2012
- 23. Water efficiency © DeltaSync, 2012
- 24. Flood damage reduction • When 1,196 bilion people would live in the floating cities about 5 bilion dollar could be saved in flood damage per year • Floating cities will adapt to any future sea level © DeltaSync, 2012
- 25. Conclusion • Incremental innovation and being a little more efficient is not going to be the answer to the challenges of the 21st century, • A fundamental new approach to human and urban development is needed • Floating ecological food cities can accommodate the urbanization demand without increasing land scarcity while at the same time providing global food security and effectively using waste products of land based cities. • “If at first an idea isn't absurd, there's no hope for it.” - Albert Einstein © DeltaSync, 2012
- 26. Contact details Dr. ir. Rutger de Graaf DeltaSync & Rotterdam University rutger@deltasync.nl T: +31 152561872 C: +31 616308790 www.deltasync.nl