Integrated Finanical Risk Transfer Mechanisms for Urban Resilience, Sandra SC...
LianYou LIU "Desertification and blown sand disaster in China"
1. 2nd Scientific Conference UNCCD
中国的荒漠化与风沙灾害
Desertification and Blown Sand Disaster
in China
刘连友( Liu Lian-You )
Institute of Drought and Blown Sand Disaster, Academy of Disaster
Reduction and Emergency Management , BNU, China
09-12 April 2013, Bonn, Germany
Beijing Normal
2. 提纲( Main Points ) :
1. 干旱半干旱区( The Arid and Semiarid Areas )
2. 荒漠化过 程( Desertification Processes )
3. 风 沙危害( Blown-sand Disasters )
4. 防沙治沙( Control Techniques & Practices )
Beijing Normal
3. 1. 中国的干旱、半干旱区 /The Arid &
Semiarid Areas
风蚀和风沙灾害发生区
( Wind erosion area )
水蚀和洪水灾害发生区
( Water erosion area )
Area: 4.5 million Km2
Percentage: 47% of
China’s total land area
Population : 100.7 million
Beijing Normal
15. 内蒙古锡 林郭勒 ---Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia
交通引起的草原退化 /Grassland degeneraton due to traffic
Beijing Normal
16. ● 风蚀( Wind Erosion )
100m 雅丹 / 风蚀 土脊 / 风蚀长 丘 / 白龙
堆
柴达 木盆地雅丹 --- Image of Wind-eroded Yardangs
Beijing Normal
17. 风蚀形态 /Features of Wind Erosion
25 m
Yiliping, Qinhai
Streamlined Mega-Yardangs in Tsadam Basin
Beijing Normal
18. White Dragon Mound
White Dragon Mound
60km
A Prototype Yardang The Migrating Lake---Lop Nor
Asian Dry Core and Center of Wind Erosion
Beijing Normal
19. 丘
库 姆塔格沙漠 状
沙
羽毛 甘肃 疏勒河下游风蚀 影
像
Image of Linear Yardangs in Lower Shuler River
Beijing Normal
20. 甘肃 三垄 沙 ---Sanlongsha, Gansu
线 形雅丹 ---Linear Yardangs in Lower Shuler River
Beijing Normal
21. 龟 裂地片蚀 天鹅 湖风蚀墩
黑 河主河道 沙尘 暴
The Heihe River System, Today’s “Dust Bowl” in China
Beijing Normal
22. Deflation of Clastic Sediments-Source of Sandy Deserts
Deflated Lacustrine Layer Deflated Fluvial Layer
Spherical weathering & Deflation Sandy Shale Rock Mushroom
Beijing Normal
23. Estimated Rates of Wind Erosion
铯 Cs-137 Tracing (by Li-Jie Pu & Ping Yan)
---Xinjiang, Kurle ( 草地 ): 3540 t km-2 a-1/~2.2mm a-1
---Qinghai, Gonghe Basin( 草地 ): 1260 t km-2 a-1
/~0.8 mm a-1
质 地分析 Soil Texture Analysis (by Zhi-Bao Dong)
---Inner Mongolia ( 农 田 ): 1500 t km-2 a-1/~0.9 mm a-1
风蚀输 送观测 Aeolian transport measurement
---Ordso Plateau ( 沙区 ): 1690 t km-2 a-1 /~1.1 mm a-1
Beijing Normal
24. 考古测 量 ---Archaeology
---Western Inner Mongolia (内陆 冲积 平原) : ~ 1 mm a -1
Pagoda age: 700 yrs
69 cm
The First Pagoda
Wind Erosion of Fluvial Sediments
Beijing Normal
25. 碳 14 年代学 --Root C-14 Dating
---Western Inner Mongolia (干涸内陆 湖泊) : 1.5 mm a-1
850 yrs B.P.
126 cm
天鹅 湖 ---Swan Lake
Wind Erosion of Terminal Lake Sediments
Beijing Normal
26. 实地观测 ---In situ Investigation
---Ordos, Inner Mongolia ( 林地沙土) : 10 mm
a-1
Age of Trees: 20 Yrs
20cm
Ordos Plateau
Wind Erosion of Sandy Soil under Planted Forest
Beijing Normal
27. --- Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia : 20 mm a-1(草原土路)
Sand saltation and Track surface break-
dust emission by wind down by wind erosion
Grooves and flutes on Deep trough with isolated
bare hard track surface inter-track ridges
Severe Wind Erosion of Grassland Soil due to Traffic
Beijing Normal
28. --- Ordos, Inner Mongolia (沙地) : 50 mm a-1
2m
Age of Trees: 40 Yrs
强 烈风蚀 地表 ---Severe Erosion of Sandy Soil by
Wind
Beijing Normal
30. ● 沙漠化 ---Sandification
沙漠和沙地 /Sand Deserts and Sandy Lands
面积 /Area: 710, 000 km2
比例 /Percentage: 7.4% of China’s total land area
沙化趋势 /Tendency of Contemporary Sandification
发 生发 展速率 /2000 前
Rate of Expansion (Before 2000):
Increased by 3000-30, 000 km2 a-1
发 生发 展速率 /2000 后
Rate of Expansion (Aftere 2000):
Decreased by 5000-8000 km2 a-1
Beijing Normal
51. ● Gobi- Pebblization--- 戈壁砾质化
黑 戈壁上的风 影沙丘 ---Shadow Dunes on the Black Gobi
Surface
Beijing Normal
52. 砾 浪 ---Gravel Waves to the west of Yumen Pass
Beijing Normal
53. 3. 风沙危害 ---Blown-sand hazards
沙害类型 ---
Main Categories of Blown-sand Disasters
● Abrasion by Blown Sand (风 沙流打磨)
● Sand Burying by Sand Deposition ( 沙埋)
● Texture Coarsening and Infertility of Farmland
(农 田粗化和贫 瘠化)
● Air Pollution by Dust Emission, Transportation and
Sedimentation (大气污 染)
● Human Casualties by Strong Dust Storms
Beijing Normal
54. Wheat
作物沙割 ---Crop Cutted by Blown Sand
Beijing Normal
74. 500
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
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Air Pollution Index Affected by Dust Storms in Beijing, 2002
Beijing Normal
75. 4. 防沙治沙 ---Control Techniques and Practices
● Mechanical dune fixation (机械固沙)
● Chemical dune fixation ( 化学固沙 )
● Plantation sand fixation (植物固沙)
Beijing Normal
76. 尼龙 方格
Plastic Checkerboards in Tengger Sand Desert
Beijing Normal