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Segmental anatomy of lungs , anatomy of mediastinum and secondary lobule
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2. Segmental Anatomy of Lungs ,
Anatomy of Mediastinum and
Secondary Lobule
Gamal Rabie Agmy, MD, FCCP
Professor of chest Diseases,
Assiut university
3. There are approximately 23
generation of dichotomous
branching From trachea to the
alveolar sac
HRCT can identify upto 8th order
central bronchioles
17. M 44Y with malignant liver
F 45Y with post irradiation changes
after radical mastectomy
Atelectasis in the middle lobe
Post irradiation scarring in
the right upper lobe
18. 35Y male with fever and expectoration
Pneumonic consolidation in the left upper lobe
19. 45Y male with chest pain and hemoptysis
Bronchogenic carcinoma in the left lower lobe
20. 43Y male with acute chest pain
and hemoptysis
Multiple infarcts in the lingula as
well as the left lower lobe
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29. Secondary lobule
• The secondary lobule is the basic anatomic
unit of pulmonary structure and function.
Interpretation of interstitial lung diseases is
based on the type of involvement of the
secondary lobule.
It is the smallest lung unit that is surrounded
by connective tissue septa.
It measures about 1-2 cm and is made up of
5-15 pulmonary acini, that contain the alveoli
for gas exchange.
30. Secondary lobule
Basic anatomic unit of pulmonary
structure and function.
1-2 cm and is made up of 5-15
pulmonary acini
Supplied by a small bronchiole
(terminal bronchiole) in the
center, that is parallelled by the
centrilobular artery.
Pulmonary veins and lymphatics
run in the periphery
Two lymphatic systems:
central network
peripheral network
31. • The secondary lobule is supplied by a small
bronchiole (terminal bronchiole) in the
center, that is parallelled by the
centrilobular artery.
Pulmonary veins and lymphatics run in the
periphery of the lobule within the
interlobular septa.
Under normal conditions only a few of
these very thin septa will be seen.
32. There are two lymphatic systems: a
central network, that runs along the
bronchovascular bundle towards the
centre of the lobule and a peripheral
network, that is located within the
interlobular septa and along the pleural
linings.
33. The terminal bronchiole in the center divides into respiratory
bronchioli with acini that contain alveoli.
Lymphatics and veins run within the interlobular septa
34. Centrilobular area
It is the central part of the secondary
lobule.
It is usually the site of diseases, that
enter the lung through the airways (
i.e. hypersensitivity pneumonitis,
respiratory bronchiolitis, centrilobular
emphysema ).
36. Perilymphatic area
Perilymphatic areais the peripheral part
of the secundary lobule.
It is usually the site of diseases, that are
located in the lymphatics of in the
interlobular septa ( i.e. sarcoid,
lymphangitic carcinomatosis, pulmonary
edema).
These diseases are usually also located in
the central network of lymphatics that
surround the bronchovascular bundle.
41. Unit of lung (0.5-3 cm)
Irregularly polyhedral
Supplied by a group of terminal bronchioles
and accompanying pulmonary arterioles
surrounded by lymph vessels
Demarcated by “interlobular septa”
pulmonary veins
pulmonary lymphatics
connective tissue stroma