Innovation in Geospatial Technology and Standards

®
OGC
Innovation in Geospatial
Technology and Standards
George Percivall
OGC Chief Engineer
28 April 2014
© 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC
®
What, exactly, does innovation mean?
“Innovation key to continued success” Saudia Aramco website News, 12-Dec-2013
• “Linguistically, the word ‘innovation’ (in Arabic, ibteda’a)
implies creating something new”
– This kind of innovation is powerful but rare.
– Other forms of innovation: improving an existing system,
using an existing technology in a new context or discovering ways
to become more efficient
• “It is tempting to think we are doing well, so why change?
But the truth is that in such a market, you have to be
innovative.”
– The danger is to be complacent and satisfied with maintaining old
ways just because they have worked well in the past.
© 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 2

OGC
®
OGC Web Services
Web Map Servers (WMS)
Web Feature Servers (WFS)
Web Coverage Servers (WCS)
Basic Geospatial Interoperability Challenge Solved
Standards-based Technologies and Information Sources Abound
Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 3
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards
Hundreds of thousands of maps and datasets accessible
through 10,000 servers running OGC Web Services
NSDI - India GeoPortal Map Viewer Skyview2, Eurocontrol
OpenIOOS.Org
GEOSS Portal geoportal.org
OneGeology.Org

OGC
®
OGC Geography Markup Language
13 years of OS MasterMapTM in OGC GML
Went live on 30 Nov 2001
Flagship product
First industrial strength GML implementation
450 million features
Updated and supplied on a daily basis
Available in GML only

OGC
®
OGC’s response to the Innovator’s Dilemma
• Must maintain current OGC standards while simultaneously
addressing evolution of technology and markets
– Ensure harmonization in OGC standards
• OGC response to the Innovators Dilemma
– Extend or adapt the present baseline of standards
– New standards that overlap with or diverge from existing standards,
along with guidance to evaluate among options
– Harmonization techniques (brokers, facades) for interoperability
Paraphrasing a motion adopted by the OGC Planning Committee, March 2014

OGC
®
Geospatial Technology Trends
• The Power of Location
– Location for predicting intent
– Location data quality
• Policy implementation
– Uncertainty inhibiting growth
– Implement licenses; privacy
• Mobile First
– 1 GB/user/day, Mobile first
– LBS DWG, Geopackage
• Internet of Things
– Reached “Apple II” stage
– Opportunistic sensing/SWE
• Geospatial Processing
– Analytics, Cloud, models,
– WPS Profiles, Provenance
• Indoor Frontier
– Human scale geo
– Indoor maps, IndoorGML
• Cartographers of future
– Maps became personal
– AR, Semantics
• Smart Cities
– Urban Scale geo
– Spatial intelligence of cities
See G. Percivall’s Blog: http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814
6

OGC
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Location Data Quality
• >Half of Facebook and Foursquare
locations are inaccurate
Derek Browers, MomentFeed
• Dirty Little Secret Of LBS Ads
–Inferred (“made up”) lat/lon points
• “Important for decision makers to understand
accuracy of geocodes so they have a sense of
confidence they can place in the data.”
– John O’Hara, Pitney Bowes, Geospatial World Jan 2013
Yelp Engineering
7

OGC
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OGC Points of Interest
• POI Standard development
– Began in W3C with OGC participation, now OGC leadership
– OGC Standards Working Group formed to complete work
• Key Use Case
– Authoritative source maintains PoIs (Starbucks maintains their PoIs)
– PoI Aggregators offer services (Google offers search on PoI
database)
– Consolidators gather PoIs from Authoritative sources using OGC
PoI Spec
© 2014, Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC
®
Market Reality - Mobile First
• “Millennials would rather
give up driving than their
smartphone or laptop”
– Zipcar survey
• 1GB per mobile user per
day by 2020
- Y. Neuvo, Former CTO NOKIA
http://www.slideshare.net/kleinerperkins/2012-kpcb-internet-trends-yearend-update
• Geospatial services need to consider: “Customers who
do not use laptops and computers. They use cell phones
and tablets.”
– Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB
http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

OGC
®
Explosion of RESTful Map APIs
Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium
Description Category
CloudMade Geocoding Forward and Reverse Geocoding Service
deCarta MapSearch Engine Local search services
Esri Community Analyst Application Building Service
Flyagogo Aviation sectional chart service
Geognos World Countries Worldwide geocoding information service
GeoMaker Geo enrichment platform
GeoSmart New Zealand geospatial and mapping
services
MapQuest Nominatim Search Geographic search service
Metro Mapper Louisville, Kentucky data maps
MyAvoxData Business entity data
nowCOAST LayerInfo Coastal mapping information retrieval tool
Postcode Anywhere UK and international address management
software, postcode finder web services and
more
Postcode Anywhere Address Services Address capture, lookup and search
Postcode Anywhere Geocoding Geolocation service
Postcode Anywhere Maps Online mapping service
Postcode Anywhere Route Optimisation Find best route between locations
Postcode Anywhere Store Finder UK business listings service
Pushpin Location Data Location and statistical information about
places
Scout for Apps Telenav voice guided navigation for mobile
phones
Sound of the City Sound map of Luebeck, Germany
TeleNav AJAX Maps Integration service for TeleNav maps
Your Mapper Local Geodata For Your Apps
Source: ProgrammableWeb

OGC
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"API Design is Stuck in 2008"
• “RESTful Web Services”, Ruby and Richardson, 2007
– “I like to think it contributed in some small way to the explosion of
RESTful APIs that began around that time.” – Richardson
• Richardson: “Thousands of APIs created over the past 7
years are superficially similar but mutually incompatible”
– Different views of basic real-world concepts like “person” and “event”
– APIs that do exactly the same thing but have nothing in common
except json media type.
– Lack of agreement makes it impossible to create software that can
be reused between APIs
http://blog.programmableweb.com/2013/10/07/api-design-is-stuck-in-2008/

OGC
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OGC Standards for Mobile
• Points of Interest
• Open GeoSMS
• OWS Context
• 3D Visualization
• GeoPackage
• SensorThings
• ARML 2
• IndoorGML
Graphic Source:
12

OGC
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GeoPackage
the new universal geodata file format
• GeoPackage is a universal file format for geodata.
– Open, self-describing, application and platform independent
– Built on SQLite, so works on any desktop or mobile OS
• GeoPackage - the modern alternative to
formats like GeoTIFF, SDTS and shapefiles
• www.geopackage.org

OGC
®
1st Open, Multi-Vendor Augmented Reality
Interoperability Demonstration
>50 Million
users
+ + =
AR content
encoded in
OGC ARML 2.0
draft standard
Demonstrated
at Mobile World
Congress 2014
Organized by
AR Standards
Community
http://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/1967
http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2014/02/augmented-reality-interoperability-demo/

OGC
®
Internet of Things – IoT – has arrived
• Internet of things to give
$10-15 trillion boost to
global economy:
General Electric
• “In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet
exceeded the number of people on Earth. By 2020, there
will be 50 billion devices connected” - CISCO
15
"Redefining the language of geospatial industry"
Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB.

OGC
®
OGC SensorThings for IoT
• Builds on OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards
that are operational around the world
• Builds on Web protocols; easy-to-use RESTful style
• OGC candidate standard for open access to IoT devices
http://ogc-iot.github.io/ogc-iot-api/datamodel.html
16

OGC
®
Indoor Frontier
• People spend nearly 90% of time indoors – this is the
simple reason LBS has not quite lived up to the promise
– Joep van Beurden, CEO CSR Plc
• Indoor location brings a new dawn in mapmaking
– Christof Hellmis, Nokia
• Companies are duplicating their efforts on indoor
technologies at great expense
– The Economist
http://informedinfrastructure.com/2668/interior-location-and-mapping-prompted-by-innovations-that-improve-position-and-navigation/
http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013
http://www.micello.com/

OGC
®
OGC IndoorGML
Integrated Outdoor / Indoor
Information and Services

OGC
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OGC‘s Approach for Advancing Interoperability
• Interoperability Program (IP) - a global,
innovative, hands-on rapid prototyping and testing
program designed to unite users and industry in
accelerating interface development and validation,
and the delivery of interoperability to the market
• Standards Program – Consensus standards
process similar to other Industry consortia (World
Wide Web Consortium, OMA etc.).
• Communications and Outreach Program–
education and training, encourage take up of OGC
specifications, business development,
communications programs
• Compliance Program - allows organizations
that implement an OGC standard to test their
implementations with the mandatory elements of
that standard
Rapid Interface
Development
Standards
Setting
Market
Adoption
Testing &
Certification

OGC
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New OGC Working Groups
Meeting the changes in technology and markets
Technology WGs
• Big Data
• Temporal
• PipelineML
Market WGs
• Mobile Location
Services
• Energy and Utilities
• Urban
Planning/Smart
Cities

OGC
®
PipelineML
Forming an OGC Working Group
• Open and Extensible
• Interoperable
• Non-proprietary
• Leverage OGC Standards
• Lossless accuracy/resolution
• Metadata-rich
PipelineML – an open extensible specification
to enable interchange of pipeline data
between parties, disparate systems and software applications
without loss of accuracy, density or data resolution and
without need for conversion between intermediate or
proprietary formats.
Graphics Source

OGC
®
PipelineML: Future State of
Project Data Management Workflow
Asset Information Manager
PipelineML
Temporal
Warehouse
Staging
Data Repository
PipelineML Data
Reference
Data Repository
High Availability Digitized
Low Availability Hardcopy
Moderate Availability Linked
PipelineML
PipelineML
Data Load API (Web Service)
Base
Asset Repository
PipelineML
Field Engs & Service Providers
ETL Manager
Data Management
Team
Business Unit
Stakeholders
Public
Integrity Analyzer
Data Management API (Web Service)
PipelineML
PipelineML
PipelineM
L
PipelineML
Flow Simulator
PipelineML
PipelineML
PipelineML
BI API (Web Service)
GeoServer
WMS / WFS /
WFS-T / WTMS
GeoPackage
PipelineML
Rehabilitation Db
Web API (Web Service)PipelineML
Graphics Source

OGC
®
OGC Interoperability Program:
OGP/IPIECA Oil Spill Response Project
• Support Oil Spill Response using GIS technology
– Produce Recommended Practice for GIS/Mapping
– Geo-information in a “Common Operating Picture” (COP)
for management of the response
• Using OGC’s Concept Development Process
1. Request for Information (RFI)
2. Engineering Workshops
3. Reference Architecture and Feasibility Report

OGC
®
Common Operating Picture:
highlighting geospatial information
25

Geospatial
Information from
External Sources
Drill & Incident
Specific Info
Base Map and
Reference Info
Data Base
Web Servers:
WMS, WFS, etc.
User Management
Access Privileges
Web Servers:
WMS, WFS, etc.
Response
Center
Public Web
Sources
Real-Time Feeds,
Observations and
Alerts
Client
Applications
User
Computers
COP
Composed of
multiple
map layers
User Management
Remote
Archive
Disconnected
COP Users
OGC

OGC
®
An Integrating Force: Smart Cities
• Urban Maps
– 3D City Models
– Indoor Venue Maps
– Interoperability with BIM
• Energy and Utilities management
– Smart Energy
– Smart Water Management
• Citizen Services
– Location-aware municipal services
using open data and standards
• Sensor Webs
– Situational awareness from
fusion of sensor observations
• Disaster and Emergency Response
– Common Operational Picture Source; Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

OGC
®
Urban Transition in Saudi Arabia
• The Gulf region is one of the most urbanized areas in
the world, over 70% of population living in urban areas
Source: “The State of Arab Cities 2012:
Challenges of Urban Transition”
• Together with five other cities,
King Abdullah Economic City
is a part of an ambitious
program to place Saudi Arabia
among the world’s top
competitive investment
destinations.
Source: Economic Cities Agency - SAGIA

OGC
®
OGC Urban IoT Testbed Concept
• “Spatial Intelligence Architecture
for Smart Cities” : a vendor-
neutral best practice for any city
• Seamless integration of
– GIS, Imaging, Augmented Reality,
3D modeling, sensor networks,
GPS, IoT, and location services
• Interoperability testing of
multiple implementations using
an open framework
• Market opportunities through
innovations in open standards
CityGML graphic source; Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU
OGC Sensor Web Enablement

OGC
®
Blog
http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814

OGC
®
For Details on OGC Standards…
• OGC Standards
– Freely available
– www.opengeospatial.org/standards
• OGC Reference Model (ORM)
– Overview of OGC Standards Baseline
– Resource for defining architectures for
specific applications
– www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm
George Percivall gpercivall at opengeospatial.org
Copyright © 2010, Open
Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

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