33. Processes Variables
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Process variables that may be adjusted by design or during
operation include:
Reactor temperature
Pressure
Space velocity
Hydrogen / hydrocarbon ratio
Feedstock characteristics
The relationships of the variables generally apply to both fixed-
bed reforming and continuous reforming.
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Advantages of CCR Continuous Reforming Technology
Courtesy: UOP
high utilization of feed due to low operating
pressure
on stream factor of more than 95%
flexibility to process a wide variety of feedstock
only two catalyst lifts for minimal catalyst attrition
Stacked reactors for economical design
optimized heat and compression integration for
every unit
liquid recovery optimized on every unit.
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Disadvantages of CCR Continuous Reforming
Technology
Courtesy: UOP
CCR process shows disadvantages of complicated process
flow and more investment as an additional continuous
catalyst regeneration system is provided.
Note: However, it can contribute to high octane product, high
product yield, long unit operation cycle and flexible operation.