Passkey Providers and Enabling Portability: FIDO Paris Seminar.pptx
POx and Sour Shift Catalyst Applications
1. VULCAN Systems Technology
(POx) Partial Oxidation and Sour
Shift Catalyst Applications
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
Gerard B. Hawkins
Managing Director
5. Wyoming Low-S Coal Mountain
80 ft wall of coal seam, Powder Rive basin = 40% of US Coal used today; 100yr supply
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
6. Products from Coal
• Power
• Conventional combustion
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
• Ammonia
• Methanol
• Hydrogen
• FT Liquids
• Substitute Natural Gas (SNG)
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
7. Gasification applications
Power - IGCC
Air
Sep
Gasifier
Gas
Cleaning
Sulfur
Removal
Power
Turbine
Air
Coal
Sulfur
Flue
Gas
Power
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
8. Gasification for Power - IGCC
Demo units – 300 MW
USD 300 million
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
9. Gasification applications
Power with CO2 Sequestration
Air
Sep
Gasifier
Sour
Shift
Acid Gas
Removal
Power
Turbine
Air
Coal
Sulfur +
CO2
Flue
Gas
Power
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
10. Coal to Chemicals
Synthesis Gas
Air
Sep
Gasifier
Sour
Shift
Acid Gas
Removal
Air
Coal
Sulfur + CO2
Methanol
FT
Ammonia
Hydrogen
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
11. Regional variations
• China – methanol, ammonia fuels
• USA - SNG
• India - fuels
• Australia - ?
• Europe – biomass gasification
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
12. • A fossil fuel with low H/C composition
– Means that added H2 needed to utilize it
– Energy density is low
– More CO2/KW of energy produced than other fossil
fuels
• Many impurities that should be removed
– Hg, S-oxides, NOx, ash, heavy metals, Se, As
– US gets 52% of its electricity from coal
• Contributes to 60% of total SO2, 33% of Hg, 25% of
NOx, and >33% of CO2 emissions
– China gets >90% of its electricity from coal
• Will China widely adopt emission controls?
• CO2 does not have a clear cost-effect link
– China will be the biggest emitter of CO2 in 2025
• Will China adopt CO2 emission controls?
Issues with Coal
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
13. VULCAN Systems Capability
Sour shift
• Catalyst supplier for this duty
• Many years of successful experience
Purification
• Flexibility to adapt absorbent to specific
requirements for COS / H2S, Mercury, Arsenic
Methanol technology
• Catalyst supplier
SNG technology
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
15. Feedstocks
• Coal – China, USA
• In situ coal – Australia
• Tar sands - Alberta
• Heavy oil – not economic
• Biomass – future opportunity
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
27. Technology Suppliers
Lurgi…
• Long history
• Alberta hydrogen project
• European research efforts
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
28. High pressure test gasifier at Freiberg
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
29. Use of VULCAN Sour Shift System
Increases hydrogen production
Produce syngas suitable for ammonia or
methanol production
Produce syngas for methanation to SNG
Converts COS to H2S
Converts HCN to NH3
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
30. Partial Oxidation Process
Oil or
Coal
Condensate
Oxygen
Quench
Chamber
Soot
Scrubber
Sour
Shift Beds
Syngas Product
Gasifier
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
31. Catalyst Impact on Shift System Design
VIG SGS-201/202/203 operates over a
wide range of steam ratios
VIG SGS-201/202/203 achieves
maximum CO conversion, as determined
by reaction equilibrium
VIG SGS-201/202/203 resists the
possibility of methanation
VIG SGS-201/202/203 operates with a
wide range of sulfur in the feed
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
32. Dew point flexibility
VIG SGS-201/202/203 is active enough to
operate within + 30-50 deg C of the gas dew point
and give high CO conversion
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
34. Metal-S+H2O Metal Oxide+H2S
Sulfur Tolerant Shift Catalyst
Sulfur Requirement/Catalyst Hydrolysis
-Catalyst to remain Sulfided for Maximum activity
- Steam/Sulfur ratio and temperature critical
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
35. Steam Requirement
VIG SGS-201 /202/203 can operate at low
steam ratio without risk of methanation:
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H20
Likely to require a steam : CO ratio of 2.0
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
36. Effect of Trace components
COS - converted to H2S (COS hydrolysis)
Metal carbonyls - decomposed and
deposited as sulfides (FeS/NiS)
Nitrogen compounds - HCN almost
completely removed
Halogens - catalyst not affected at typical
concentrations
C, dust - deposited on catalyst
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.www.gbhenterprises.com
37. Catalyst Attributes
high mechanical strength to resist external fouling,
water impingement
resist deposit build-up
stability to withstand high steam partial pressure at
high temperature
high activity - low CO, close approach to shift
equilibrium
operation close to dew point - occasional wetting
low pressure drop - minimum pressure drop
increase
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
38. Robustness/Regenerability
Maximum physical robustness
Can be regenerated if Carbon/Coke like
polymer formation
Partial activity recovery
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
39. Operating Experience
Long lives
• Upstream bed : 2 - 5 years
• Downstream bed : 3 - 7 years
Operating Temperature
• Normal : 200 - 500 deg C
• Excursions up to 550 deg C
Operating Pressures
• Experience with wide pressure range
• Up to 80 bar
• Tested successfully up to 100 bar
• Can tolerate high steam partial pressure ~ 50 bar
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
41. Catalyst Developments
Improved activity variants - smaller
reactors, higher CO conversion
Lower pressure drop - optimization of
particle size/shape
Manufacturing at new locations
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
42. Catalyst Developments - Geometry
Particle size / shape optimisation
scope to lower initial pressure drop and
rate of pressure drop increase
potentially some small impact on activity
options for radial flow configurations
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
43. Catalyst Developments - VIG SGS-
201/202/203
- High activity sour gas shift catalyst
- CoO/MoO3 on MgO/Al2O3 support
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
44. Catalyst Developments - VIG SGS-
201/202/203
Higher external surface area to trap poisons
good resistance to impurities including
heavy metals (Pb, Hg, As) and soot
Higher voidage
lower pressure drop
High thermal resistance & high mechanical
strength
slow rate of PD increase
Optimized loading with VIG SGS-202, VIG SGS-
203 and AST Support to suit requirements
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
45. Conclusion – Sour shift
Requirement for POX increasing in
response to several factors
Potential for successful integration of
Sour Shift application with gasification
technology
Opportunities to build on success of VIG
SGS-201/202/203 with developments to
meet particular client needs
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
46. Conclusions
GBH Enterprises have a leading position in
supplying technology, catalysts and absorbents
for gasification applications
• Full capability for sour shift, purification and
methanol synthesis
A Business Unit of GBH Enterprises, Ltd.