1. “Historical Story: The Battle of
10 November 1945 Surabaya ”
by:
Ginza Devisi Amerina

2. The Battle of Surabaya
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-
independence Indonesian soldiers against British and Dutch
troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution
Despite fierce resistance, British and Indian troops managed
to conquer Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, on
behalf of the Netherlands
This battle was the first war of Indonesian troops with
foreign forces after the Declaration of Independence
The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution
and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance
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3. The Battle of Surabaya
[19 September 1945]
Dutch-flag
The death torn
of incident
[30 October 1945] Mallaby
Surabaya
warriors [9 November 1945]
refused the
ultimatum of
allied forces
THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA
[10 November 1945]
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4. Dutch-flag torn incident in Yamato hotel
[Oranje Hotel, 19 September 1945]
Most of the youth approached and climbed the wall and
the top gate hotel to tare and lower the blue one
On 19 September 1945, a group of Dutch
raised the Dutch flag outside the Hotel
Yamato
On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and Hatta declared
the Independence of Indonesia in Jakarta
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5. Death of Brigadier of England, Mallaby
[Red Bridge, 30 October 1945]
He was travelling about
Surabaya under a white
flag to spread the news
about the cease fire
agreement when his car
approached the British
troops' post
His car was surrounded by
Indonesian Republican
militia. Fearing that their
commander was about to be
attacked, led by British
Major fired into the air to
disperse the Indonesian
militia. The militia, thinking
that the British were taking Captain R.C. Smith, who was in the
hostile action, fired back at stationary car, reported that a
young Republican shot and killed
ALLIED FORCES’S
the British troops.
Mallaby after a short
conversation. Smith then reported
throwing a grenade from the car
in the direction of where he
ULTIMATUM
thought the shooter had hidden.
Although he was not sure whether
or not it hit its target, the
explosion caused the back seat of
the car to ignite
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6. The Main Battle
The ultimatum was
rejected by the Indonesian
side of Surabaya Resistance of the people
who initially carried out
spontaneously and were
not coordinated
at 06:00 am on 10 November 1945 the British army began
to demolish and methodological advance of bombardment
the British
supposed that
Warships the resistance in Increasingly
Surabaya could
in regular basis
Cannon & be conquered in
Aircraft 3 days
Tanks
Victims
City of
Surabay • 3 Weeks • 6000 – 16000
a Indonesians
• 600 – 2000
British Army
Duration
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7. ULTIMATUM
The Ultimatum:
“All Indonesian leaders, including the leaders of the Youth
Movements, the Chief Police and the Chief Official of the
Soerabaya Radio will report at Bataviaweg by 18.00 hours, 9th
November. They will approach in single file carrying any arms they
possess. These arms will be laid down at a point 100 yards from
the rendezvous, after which the Indonesians will approached with
their hands above their heads and will taken into custody, and
must be prepared to sign a document of unconditional surrender”
Limit of the ultimatum was at 6:00 the morning of 10 November 1945
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8. Man of the Battle
Bung Tomo, who is famous for his fiery oration in
encouraging the fighters. Heroic speeches of Bung Tomo
(Soetomo) was one of the trigger.
• As long Indonesian warriors still have the red blood
that can make a piece of white cloth into red and
white, so long as we want it we will not surrender to
anybody!
• Freedom or Death.
"The people of Surabaya reject the Allied ultimatum,
is better crushed perish than colonized again and
called on the people of Surabaya prepares to
commemorate the war the next day."
At midnight on 9 November 1945, East Java’s Governor
of Surabaya, Suryo, bravely called over the radio
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9. Heroes Monument
The heroes monuments stands like a rocket pointed
towards the moon in Pahlawan street central Surabaya.
It’s not omitted or even decorated, not particularly large,
but it’s simplicity may have been the deliberate plan of its
architect to convey humble, rather than bellicose pride. The
monument becomes a center of major attention every
November 10th, the day in 1945 when Surabaya
commemorates those heroes who died during the
independence war
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10. Red Bridge
Located at North Surabaya,
in whose surrounding is
one of the most savage
fightings ever seen on Java,
and it was right here that
Brigadir Jendral Mallaby
from England was killed on
30th October 1945
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11. Oranje/Majapahit Hotel
The heroic
event in
Tunjungan
Street make
that street
name had
increasingly
recognized
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12. Stadium and Institute
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13. New Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium
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14. How do we respect?
10 November is commemorated as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia
until now and Surabaya is well-known as City of Heroes
Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped evoke
Indonesian and international support for Indonesian Independence
Importance of the spirit of unity of all elements in the nation in the face
of all odds, easily subject to the will and the pressure of foreign nations.
Emerging the patriotism and heroism of young generation to bring the
success for the nation
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15. And lastly, I hope the fighting spirit of heroism which was
inscribed by the Surabaya fighters and heroes who have fallen
before us continues flowing on earth of Surabaya. And I hope
that my blood has also inherited the fighting spirit, so I can only
say: 'I'm proud of my Surabaya', but one day I should be able to
make Surabaya proud of me.