The document summarizes research on delays in reporting notifiable animal diseases (NADs) such as classical swine fever and avian influenza. The research found that the main reasons for delays are: 1) Problems with recognizing disease information and correctly diagnosing NADs, as the symptoms are often similar to common diseases in the early stages. 2) Uncertainty about the accuracy of a potential NAD diagnosis and the perceived negative consequences of a false alarm report, such as social and business impacts. 3) Intention to first seek more confirmation of disease before reporting to avoid false alarms due to the above consequences and barriers related to the reporting process.

1. Delays in reporting highly contagious animal diseases Marjan Gorgievski, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Armin Elbers, CIDC - Wageningen UR Peter van der Velden, IVP Zaltbommel Kiumars Zarafshani, Razi University Kermanshah

24. Predictors of intention to report attitudes Social norm Perceived behavioral control Behavioral intention Ajzen, 1988. Theory of Planned Behavior Outcome beliefs

29. Adapted research model Negative consequences for business of ‘false alarms’ Social norm (accept dodging regulations) Perceived Behavioral control (barriers related to center for reporting) Intention to report in case of small probability disease Report Intention to seek more confirmation Positive attitude towards hits (importance) Negative consequences for business of “hits” Attitudes towards false alarms (embarrassment, uneasy) + - - + + + + - - +

30. Measurement Instrument alpha label .75 2 items Intention to report .63 3 items Intention to seek more confirmation - 1 item Perceived behavioral control (barriers related to centre for reporting) .85 4 items Social norm .90 8 items Negative consequences business false alarms .82 4 items “ Negative attitudes “false alarms” (embarrassment) .90 5 items Negative consequences for the business “hits” .80 2 items Positive attitudes “hits” (importance)

31. Results 141 Farmers Negative consequences for business of “false alarms” Social norm (accept dodging regulations) Perceived Behavioral control (barriers related to centre for reporting) Intention to report in case of small probability disease Report Intention to seek more confirmation Positive attitude towards hits (importance) Negative consequences for business of “hits” Attitudes towards “false alarms” (embarrassment, uneasy) .38 -.23 .18 .27 -.24  2 = 5.97, df=10, p=0.82