3. Wie/wat is Alfen
Specialist in transformatorstations
(met Nederland als thuismarkt)
130 werknemers
Omzet 2010 ca. €40.000.000
Opgericht in 1937 en naar Almere in 1983
Onderdeel van TBI (sinds 1971)
TBI is een bouw en installatietechniek concern
met €2 mld omzet en 10.000 medewerkers dat
vooral in Nederland actief is.
22-11-11
4. Producten
Diabolo Compactstations
in 2010 ongeveer 1400 stuks
Entrado Betreedbare stations
in 2010 ongeveer 200 stuks
Beheer en onderhoud
Innovatieve, specifieke oplossingen
t.b.v. elektrische infrastructuur
Turn key levering (ms)netaansluitingen
Reeks Sicuro producten voor 10kV WKK aansluitingen
ICU laadpunten
6. Kracht van Alfen
Kennis van het eindproduct
Kennis van toegepaste onderdelen
Kennis van de toepassing
3D CAD ontwerpsysteem
Batchproductie, JIT aansturing
ISO 9001-2000 en VCA** gecertificeerd
Partnership met klant en leverancier
Innovatief
7. Focus op MVA
Gecertificeerd op niveau 3 van de CO2
prestatieladder van ProRail (nu stichting
SKAO)
Eigen bedrijfsschool in samenwerking
met het ROC Flevoland
Stage bedrijf 2009 van Almere
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48. Intro – People without electricity
Millions of People without Electricity, 2008,
Source: WHO & UNDP
48
49. Sustainable Hybrid Power System
Solar Panels Multi source Hybrid Inverters
Batteries
Wind turbines
Diesel generators
Power cables
49
50. Research question
Analysis and simulation of a sustainable hybrid power system for
rural areas, powered by solar, wind, and diesel energy
Determine the cost of
50
52. Renewable energy
Positive points
• Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources
• Does not cause energy dependance on other countries
Negative points
• Is variable and therefore less reliable
• Requires electrical energy storage
52
53. Renewable energy
Positive points
• Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources
• Reduces energy dependance on other countries
• Better for the environment
Negative points
• Is variable and therefore less reliable
• Requires electrical energy storage (expensive)
• Requires large amounts of space
53
54. Example for a SOPRA location
Finding the optimal system configuration for Angola
0% 100%
% of people
without Electricity
Source: WHO & UNDP
54
58. Consequences of yearly variations
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST
More installed renewable energy
LOWEST COST?
(1) (2) (3)
NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL
(Storage required)
58
59. Consequences of a bit more RE
A bit more Renewable Energy is a small problem (<70%)
Energy from Energy storage
the battery in a battery
59
60. Costs of energy sources compared
Costs of renewable energy (RE)
• Mainly depend on wind speeds and irradiance
Cost of diesel energy
• Mainly depend on the diesel price
60
61. Costs of energy sources compared
Data for SOPRA installation in the Sunbelt, major assumptions made!
61
62. Costs of RE with storage costs
Cost of the battery
• Every kWh through a battery degrades the battery!
Cost of lost energy
• Depends on energy cost and storage efficiency
62
63. Consequences of more RE in a system
Full battery leads
to RE losses
A lot of Renewable Energy is a complex problem (>70%)
63
64. Consequences of yearly variations
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST
More installed renewable energy
(1) (2) (3)
NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL
64
65. Costs of diesel and RE compared
Cost of renewable energy (RE)
• Depends on energy wind speeds and irradiance
Cost of diesel energy
• Depends on diesel price
12%
Real cost of renewable energy
• Depends on the amount that can be used
65
67. Interim Conclusions
Renewable Energy can be cheaper until
• too much has to be stored (daily balance)
• too much is lost (yearly balance)
Renewable Energy variations should be limited
• Daily mismatch should be limited to prevent storage
• Yearly mismatch should be limited to prevent losses
How do we limit the variations
• Combining Renewable energy sources
• Limiting Renewable energy fraction in energy mix
67
69. Sizing the SOPRA system (Wind only)
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST
NO RE LOSSES LOWEST COST? NO DIESEL
69
70. Yearly variations in RE supply
Solar peak Wind peak Combined is
better?
Limiting the yearly variation means more RE can be used
Solar dip
Wind dip
70
71. Consequences of RE mix
• WIND ONLY OPTIMUM MIX SOLAR ONLY
LOWEST COST?
71
72. Detailed calculations required
Simulation for each possible system configuration:
1. Determination of battery use and charge powers
2. Determination of optimal diesel generator operation
3. Determination of conversion and RE losses
4. Determination of system costs
72
74. Detailed simulations
• SOPRA system installed in the Netherlands
• Wind speeds power limited because of a 10 min
Wind and irradiance for every full battery
• 10 year of data from 2001 to 2010, KNMI
• Demand for every 15 min
• 1 year of data from from ecofys
74
84. Diesel cost from 1.5 to 3.0 €/L
More installed renewable energy
84
85. Conclusions
Break even point is determined per location by
• Available Renewable Energy and fuel cost
• System life and price changes of components
Renewable Energy can be cheaper until
• too much has to be stored (daily balance)
• too much is lost (yearly balance)
85
86. Questions ??
Evert Raaijen: e.raaijen@exendis.com
or
Arne Kaas: a.w.s.kaas@tudelft.nl
The SOPRA project is supported by :
86