1. DETECTION AND
TREATMENT

2. India’s policy on HIV testing
 Voluntary, Informed, Confidential and Free HIV
testing
 Mandatory HIV testing of Blood and blood
products and organ donation
 HIV positive test result is given to an individual
only if the person’s blood test positive on three
separate HIV tests.
 Test results are always disclosed with post-test
counseling irrespective of test result
 HIV testing can be availed free of cost at ICTC
centers

4. Window Period

5. Voluntary Counseling
 An individual undergoes counselling enabling him
or her to make an informed choice about being
tested for HIV
 It is the individual’s choice based on the
appropriate information and support provided by
the Counsellor.
 The Counsellor keeps all the information
confidential.
 All efforts must be made to counsel the person for
voluntary disclosure of HIV status to the spouse or
sexual partner

6. Counselling process
Pre-Test Post-Test Follow up
Counselling Counselling Counselling
• Done before • Offered • Immediately
HIV test. irrespective of after post test
• The counsellor test results counselling or
prepares the • For clients to anytime later
client for the understand • Client should
test corrects their test be offered
myths and results and care and
misinformation initiate support
• An informed adaptation to services as
consent is their status per need
required • Collaboration
and cross
referral

8. ELISA plate
Positive result
Negative Controls

9. Know the Stage of HIV and CD4
Count
 The diagnosis of AIDS is made based on the occurrence
of opportunistic infections or a CD4 count less than 200
 It is possible to improve the stage of HIV by reducing the
amount of HIV in the body
 This is done best by ART
 Counsellors need to advise their clients to get their CD4
test every 6 months
 If PLHAs properly monitor Stage of HIV and CD4 count,
they can stay healthy and love positively for a long time

10. Control of AIDS
Prevention
a. Education
b. Prevention of Blood borne-HIV transmission
Antiretroviral Treatment

11. ARV’s WORK BY
INHIBITING HIV ENZYMES

12. Starting ART
 Before beginning ART treatment, counsellors should
make their clients understand that:
 Medicines must be taken for the rest of their lives
 Non-adherence may result in further illness
 Medicines should not be shared with others
 Disclosure may aid in treatment adherence
 Regular appointments with the doctor must be maintained

13. Continuing to Work, Save, & Use
Money Wisely
 Working and earning help clients continue to
live a satisfying life
 If the client is healthy, the counsellor may
encourage them to continue working and
being productive
 Counsellors should advise clients to save
some of their monthly income to
 pay for treatment
 pay for care and education of their children

14. Plan for the Family
 Counsellors need to discuss the importance of
family planning for couples
 Contraception
 Preventing Parent to Child Transmission (if a
female client is pregnant)
 Options for Having children are a personal issue
for the mother/couple.
 A counsellorshould talk through all the pros and cons
and options and allow the client to make a well
informed, personal decision.