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Why World War One changed everything,[object Object]
A New Century, a New Hope,[object Object],The people of Europe were feeling fairly optimistic at the beginning of the 1900s.,[object Object],There had not been a major war in Europe for nearly 80 years.,[object Object],New technologies were making life easier. ,[object Object]
New Inventions (1890-1910),[object Object],The diesel powered internal combustion engine.,[object Object],The motion picture camera.,[object Object],The radio.,[object Object],The zipper.,[object Object],Gas powered planes.,[object Object],Sonar,[object Object],The teabag.,[object Object],The first neon street lamp,[object Object],The Model T Ford,[object Object]
The Rise of Germany,[object Object],The only significant threat to this cosy world order was a rising power – Germany.,[object Object],Germany didn’t even exist as a nation until 1871 (New Zealand is older!),[object Object],Until then it had been a loose collection of small kingdoms ruled by princes.,[object Object],These kingdoms were united by a common history, language, culture and desire to wear pointy helmets.,[object Object]
The German Threat,[object Object],Germany had advanced industries and a large population.,[object Object],They also had a leader (Bismarck) who was prepared to use force to defend his young nation’s interests.,[object Object],In 1870 Bismarck’s armies defeated France in a war over borders.,[object Object],Otto von Bismarck,[object Object]
Containing the threat of Germany ,[object Object],The nations that were most threatened by Germany were Britain, Russia and France.,[object Object]
Britain,[object Object],Had the world’s largest navy and wanted to protect its colonies and trade around the world. ,[object Object],Threatened by Germany’s growing naval power (fleet of battleships).,[object Object]
Russia,[object Object],Russia:,[object Object],Had the world’s largest army. Most soldiers were untrained. ,[object Object],Russia did not have enough factories to supply a large army with the guns and bullets needed for a long war.,[object Object],Threatened by Germany’s advanced industry and well-trained army.,[object Object]
France,[object Object],France:,[object Object],Shared a border with Germany.,[object Object],Had already been defeated by Germany in 1870. ,[object Object],Had lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine.,[object Object],Threatened by Germany’s growing military power. Also scared of pointy helmets.,[object Object]
The Three nations formed an alliance against GermanyAlliance = An agreement to provide military support to an ally if they are attacked,[object Object]
The Great Power Alliances, 1914,[object Object],By 1914, the great European powers were divided into two main groups and were prepared for war.,[object Object],Triple Entente• Britain • France• Russia ,[object Object],Triple Alliance• Germany• Austria -Hungary• Italy,[object Object]
The Great Power Alliances, 1914,[object Object],By 1914, the great European powers were divided into two main groups and were prepared for war.,[object Object],Triple Entente• Britain • France• Russia ,[object Object],Triple Alliance• Germany• Austria -Hungary• Italy,[object Object]
Germany’s Weak Neighbour,[object Object],Germany was a rising power.,[object Object],Its ally Austria-Hungary was an old and crumbling empire.,[object Object],People within its borders were calling for independence.,[object Object],The cries of the Serbian people would lead to World War One.,[object Object],Russia supported the Serbs.,[object Object]
The Royal Family of Austria-Hungary.,[object Object],Austria-Hungary was ruled by a royal family.,[object Object],In June 1914 the prince who would one day rule Austria was visiting the city of Saravejo.,[object Object],His name was Franz Ferdinand. His wife was called Sophie.,[object Object],They were a prime target for terrorists.,[object Object]
The War begins…with a teenager  carrying out an act of terrorism.,[object Object],On June 28, 1914 a Serbian teenager called GavriloPrincipassassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand. ,[object Object],The first assassination attempt (a bomb) had failed. Princip ran into Ferdinand by accident after the first failed attempt - and shot him and his wife.,[object Object],Principbelonged to a group called The Black Hand.,[object Object],Austriawas outraged and insisted that Serbia hand over The Black Hand.,[object Object],Serbia refused to cooperate.,[object Object]
1914: World War One begins.,[object Object],July 28. Austria declares war on Serbia.,[object Object],July 29. Russia promises to defend Serbia.,[object Object],August 1. Germany mobilises troops against France and declares war on Russia.,[object Object],August 3. Germany declares war on France.,[object Object],August 4. Britain declares war on Germany.,[object Object],GavriloPrincip. Most influential teenager of the century?,[object Object]
“Over by Christmas”,[object Object],The war will be over by Christmas. It will be a bit of an adventure really – after all, no country can afford to keep so many men at war for too long. As long as I get to bloody the nose of the Hun before I get back home I’ll be happy…,[object Object]
Reality Check #1: Total War,[object Object], ,[object Object],Over 70 million soldiers were mobilised.,[object Object],The nations that had produced cars, radios and zippers in large numbers could easily change their machines to produce weapons.,[object Object],Nations had the ability to fight a much longer war than anyone feared.,[object Object]
Reality Check #2: The Western Front,[object Object],The Germans marched a million men towards France.  At first they advanced rapidly, but then they came up against British and French forces.,[object Object],Unable to advance further, the Germans dug trenches protected by machine guns.  The British and French troops did the same.  ,[object Object],THESE TRENCHES WERE KNOWN AS THE WESTERN FRONT,[object Object],These trenches were slowly extended until they stretched over 600 kms from the coast of Belgium to the German border.,[object Object]
Reality Check #3: Trench Warfare,[object Object]
Reality Check #3: Trench Warfare,[object Object]
Reality Check #4: New Technology,[object Object],The spirit of invention continued in wartime. These were invented or used for the first time on a large scale in World War One:,[object Object],Flame Throwers,[object Object],Machine Guns,[object Object],Tanks,[object Object],Aircraft (bombing and reconnaissance),[object Object],The field telephone,[object Object],U-Boats (submarines),[object Object],Poison Gas,[object Object],Depth Charges,[object Object],Aircraft Carriers,[object Object]
Flamethrowers, Gas and Barbed Wire,[object Object]
Reality Check #5 : War comes home,[object Object],For centuries the English channel had protected England from European wars.,[object Object],With the invention of strategic bombers (including Zeppelins) London experienced war for the first time in nearly 1000 years.,[object Object]
1917: America reluctantly enters the war,[object Object],America stayed out of the war until 1917.,[object Object],On a voyage from New York to Londonthe British ship The Lusitania  was sunk by a German submarine.  ,[object Object],The ship was carrying 1,201 passengers, many of them American.  Five hundred people drowned.,[object Object],The American president Woodrow Wilson eventually decided that America must fight.  ,[object Object],It declared war on Germany on 6 April, 1917. ,[object Object]
1918 The War grinds to a close,[object Object],[object Object]
 The strain of fighting on two fronts was affecting Germany’s ability to feed its population.
 People were starving and the Spanish flu swept through the country killing thousands.
 Within Germany there were calls for revolution and a large number of sailors revolted rather than go to war.
 On the 9 November, 1918, the Kaiser (leader of Germany) abdicated (left the throne).,[object Object]

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World War One

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  • 27. The strain of fighting on two fronts was affecting Germany’s ability to feed its population.
  • 28. People were starving and the Spanish flu swept through the country killing thousands.
  • 29. Within Germany there were calls for revolution and a large number of sailors revolted rather than go to war.
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