1. University of Sulaimania
School of Science
Department of Biology
2nd Class Year
22nd La b.
Pterygotes - Neopteran Insects:
Order Coleoptera
Order Lepidoptera
Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur

2. Objectives:
• This lecture gives knowledge about the largest animal
group (order Coleoptera), beetles.
• Their classifications and identification keys.
• Focusing on the most common and important families
of beetles.
• Butterflies and moths (order Lepdoptera). Their
classifications and identification keys.
• Focusing on the most common and important families
of moths and butterflies.
Scientific content:
- Order Coleoptera
General descriptions
Classification: Suborder: Polyphaga
Order Lepidoptera
General descriptions
Classification: Butterfly families and Moth families

3. Order: Coleoptera
• Fore-wings modified to elytra and hindwings are
membranous.
• Chewing mouth parts,
• Different kinds of antennae
• No Cerci
• Mostly terrestrial and some aquatic
• Larvae (Campodieform or Scarabieform) with a distinct
head and biting (chewing) mouthparts, with or without
thoracic legs, only rarely with prolegs.
• The pupae of beetles are either with legs tightly pressed
against the body, or exarate, with the legs and wings held
free from the body.

5. Suborder: Polyphaga
• Family: MELOIDAE (blister beetle) Mylabris sp.
• Family: SCARABAEIDAE Adults may be recognized by the
lamellate terminal segments of their antennae.
(Rhinoceros beetles)
(Dung beetle)
• Family: TENEBRIONIDAE (darkling beetles)
(Tribolium spp.),
• Family: COCCINELLIDAE (ladybugs, ladybird beetles)
Coccinella septempenctata

6. Order: Lepidoptera
• The most distinguishing characteristics; scaly wings
and siphoning mouthparts.
• Cerci are not present
• Adults are terrestrial, mostly feeding on nectar
• Larval Lipidoptera are polypod (caterpillar) and found in a
variety of terrestrial habitats.
• Chewing mouthparts feed on plant materials (leaves).
• Mostly are regarded as serious agricultural pests.
• Pupae are obtect usually within silken cocoons spun by the
larvae, although many species pupate without a cocoon.

7. Superfamily: Papilionoidea
• Family: Nymphalidae (Painted Lady Butterfly)
• Family: Paplionidae (Swallow Tail Butterfly)
• Family: Lycaenidae (Blue Butterfly)
• Family: Pieridae (White or Sulfur Butterfly)
Superfamily: Bombycoidea
• Family: Saturniidae (Emperor Moth and Atlas Moth)
• Family: Bombycidae (Silkworm Moth) Bombyx mori
• Family: Sphingidae (sphinx moth )

8. Family: Nymphalidae (Painted Lady Butterfly)

9. Family: Paplionidae (Swallow Tail Butterfly)

10. Family: Lycaenidae (Blue Butterfly)

11. Family: Pieridae (White or Sulfur Butterfly)

12. Family: Saturniidae (Emperor Moth)

13. •Family: Bombycidae (Silkworm Moth) Bombyx mori

14. References:
• David, B. V. and Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (2004). General
and Applied Entomology. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw-hill
Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi. India. 1184 p.
• Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology.
4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.
• Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer,
Dordrecht. The Netherlands. 831 pp.
• Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume
3, Insects, edited by Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans,
Rosser W. Garrison,
• Resh, Vincent H. & Cardé, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of
Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.