1. 1

2.  Introduction
› Importance
› Worldwide data
› Objectives
 Materials and methods
 Results and discussion
 Summary
 Conclusion
2

3.  Chemo-heterotrophic
 Decomposers in natural ecosystem
 Mushrooms
› Technically belong to kingdom fungi and phylum
Basidiomycota with gills, but
› largely fleshy woody fungi, bracket fungi belong to two
orders Agaricales and Aphyllophorales respectively
3

4.  Used as delicacy
 Potential protein source
 High content of essential amino acid, vitamins,
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, minerals and low lipid
content
 Used in Medicinal tonics, various cosmetics
beverages, pharmaceutical industries
 Have capacity to convert nutritionally valueless
substances into high protein food
 Essential part of natural cycle of birth, death, decay
and renewal in all forest ecosystems
4

5.  115,000 of mushroom species known world-wide
 Agaricales 80,000 (fleshy fungi with cap & tail)
 Gasteromycetes 10,000 (puff balls & stink horn)
 Aphyllophorales 20,000 (toothed, Polypores)
 Jelly fungi 5000 i.e. Tremellales, Auriculariales
and Dacrymycetales (Hawksworth, 2001)
5

6.  To check the diversity of mushrooms in kuldanna
(Murree) forest
 To classify the fungi on the basis of their
distinguishing characteristics
 To assess the relationship between mushroom
species, occurrence, environmental factors and
vegetation type in Kuldanna forest of Murree
6

7.  From the whole collection sixteen samples of
mushrooms enlisted systematically with;
› Salient characters of genus and species
› Auto-ecological notes
› Habitat
› Distribution
› Medicinal value
› Edibility
7

8. COLLECTION SITE:
› Forest of Murree Kuldanna, Rawalpindi
› 2 Km square area selected
8

9. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
› Collection of samples with host from the cited
area after snapshot
› Drying of the specimen
› After identification placed in separate
envelope with all data
› Indentify on the basis of morphological
characters and microscopic characters
› Recorded observation also sketched on a
separate sheet of paper then matched them
with standard size i-e; compare it with existing
literature
› Placed in collection box with phenyl balls in
order to preserve from insect attack
9

10. Pleurotus ostreatus
 Importance
› Used industrially for
Myco-remediation purposes
› Delicious edible mushroom
› Lovastatin and Lysine
› Treatment of lumber and neck pain, numbness,
tumor suppression
10

11.  Very successful wood decaying fungus
 Beta glucan extracted, capable of relieving dry
condition, atopic
diseases and itching
inhibiting tumor
 If spores enter in blood
circulation causes
paralysis
11

12.  Voracious decomposer of dead wood
 Causes wood rot in standing trees
 Best producer of manganese peroxide
 Antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor
12

13.  Important decayer of conifer wood
 Generally describe as saprophyte
 In some areas known to attack living trees
 Expelling wind, moisture
› Antitumor
13

14.  Saprotroph
 Degrade glucan along with bit of cellulose
 Contain unique compound including a metabolite,
concentricol (oxidized squallene)
 Tinder for fire lighting, like charcoal
 Home of insect and
small animals
14

15.  Used in traditional herbal remedies
 Two substances extracted from (PSK) &(PSP) being
studied as possible complementary cancer
treatment
 VPS, another extract sold as dietary supplement
 Decomposer
15

16.  On logs of deciduous trees
 Contain polysaccharide (anti-tumour)
 Immune system enhancing activity
16

17.  Edible
 Form symbiotic relationship with various species of
deciduous trees
 Treatment of backache leg pain, numbness, tumor
suppression
17

18.  Edible , but not recommended due to its taste
 Tumor suppression
18

19.  Decayer of plant material
 Present on wood and on mulchs grasses, wheat and
straws
 Anti-tumor
19

20.  Wood rotting saprobes
20

21.  Saprotroph
 Wood decayer causes “white rot” or “brown rot”
21

22.  Parasitic on deciduous trees
 Cause intensive white rot
 Tumor suppression
22

23.  Mature with red brown gills
 Poisonous
 Referred as wood woolly foot
23

24.  Present on trunk of living broad leaved trees
 Tonic herbal in traditional Chinese medicine
 Powerful antibiotic
 Liver tonic
 Immune tonic
 Lowering blood pressure
 Suppressing tumor
24

25.  On ground among Cynodon dactylon
 Edible
25

26.  Decayer
 Common on dead logs and dead woods
26

27.  Edible
 Treatment for gastrointestinal, Indigestion
 Extract, interferon anticancer
 Exportable
27

28.  MEDICINAL IMPORTANT FUNGI
1. Morchella spp
2. Pleurotus ostreatus
3. Pleurotus variety
4. Ganoderma lucidum
5. Lacterius piperatus
6. Lactarius pergamenus
7. Phellinus igniarius
8. Volvariella spp
9. Coriolus versicolor
10. Fomitopsis pinicola
11. Trichamptum biforme
12. Schizophyllum commune
13. Pleurotus ostreatus
28

29. 1. Pleurotus ostreatus
2. Pleurotus variety
3. Lactarius piperatus
4. Lactarius pergamenus
5. Morchella spp
29

30. 1. Coriolus hirsutus
2. Coriolus versicolor
3. Ganoderma lucidum
4. Hygrocybe
5. Lactarius pergamenus
6. Lactarius piperatus
7. Pleurotus ostreatus
8. Collybia peronata
9. Phellinus igniarius
10. Pluteus
11. Polyporus
12. Poria paradoxa
13. Schizophyllum commune
14. Volvariella
15. Trichamptum biforme
16. Fomitopsis pinicola 30

31. 1. Coriolus hirsutus
2. Coriolus Versicolor
3. Ganoderma lucidum
4. Phellinus igniarius
5. Fomes
6. Pleurotus spp.
7. Poria
8. Schizophyllum
9. Polyporus
31

32. 1. Lactarius piperatus
2. Lactarius pergamenus
3. Volvariella
32

33. Sr. No. Mode of living No. of sample percentage
1. Saprophytic 16/16 100%
2. Micorrhizal 9/16 56.25%
3. Parasitic 3/16 18.75%
33

34. 34
Percentage of different living modes
of fungi
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Saprophytic Parasitic Micorhizal
Different living modes of fungi
Percentage

35. Sr.No. Characteristics No. of sample Calculated
value of Chi
Tabulated
value
1. Medicinal 13/16 6.22 3.84
2. Non medicinal 3/16
3. Edible 5/16 2.24 3.84
4. Non edible 11/16
35

36.  This report would be beneficial to them who want
to study the mushroom taxonomically or
ecologically, biologist, chemist, biochemist and
industrialist will come to know about the mushroom
flora of this area
 They can arrange the required material to extract
the value able compound like anti tumor, anti
bacterial medicines
36

37. THANKS
37